限時(shí)練31　選擇性必修第三冊(cè)　UNIT 7(A組)

限時(shí)練31選擇性必修第三冊(cè)UNIT7(A組)閱讀A(外刊原味)體裁：說明文主題語境：自然科學(xué)研究難度：★★★☆☆|The

Economist

Whenitcomestoarchitecturalaccomplishments,humansliketothinktheystandatthetopofthepyramid.Thatistounderestimatetheastonishingachievementsofsocialinsects:termites(白蟻)raiseskyscrapingnestsandhoneybeesfashiongeometriccombs.Thetruemasterbuildersoftheinsectworld,however,arethehundredsofspeciesofstinglessbees,whichweavecombsofunequalledvarietyandcomplexity.AgroupofbiologistsledbyVivianaDiPietroinBelgium,reportsthat,likehumans,thesetinycreaturesarecapableofbuildingaccordingtodifferentarchitecturaltraditionshandeddownovergenerations.Tocollecttheirdata,MsDiPietroandhercolleaguesobservedover400colonies(群體)ofthestinglessbeespeciesinalargeapiary(養(yǎng)蜂場(chǎng))inBrazilovertwoextendedperiodsin2022and2023.Around95%ofthecoloniesexhibitedcombsbuiltinhorizontallayers,liketiered(分層)weddingcakes,whiletheremainderadoptedaspiralstructure.Ineachcasethetraditionwasmaintainedovermanygenerationsofworkerbees.Toruleoutageneticexplanationforthedifferentstyles,theresearcherstransplantedworkersfromcoloniesbuiltinonetraditiontocoloniesbuiltintheother.Theimportedworkerssoonswitchedtothelocalstyle.DrWenseleers,whorunsthelab,putforwardatheorythatthebeesmayswitchstylestofixtheextremelysmallconstructionerrorsmadebytheirpredecessors(前輩).Inthisprocess,multipleorganismsindirectlyaffecteachother’sbehaviourthroughthetracestheyleaveontheirenvironment.Totestit,theresearchersintroducedahintofspiraltohorizontal-layercombs,andfoundthatitcausedthebeestoswitchtobuildingspirals.ThatisstrongevidenceinfavourofDrWenseleers’stheory.Theseresultshaveleftobserversofanimalcultureabuzz,astheysuggestthatstinglessbeescantransmitdifferentbuildingtraditionsacrossgenerationswithoutbeinginstructedbytheirpeers.ForDrWhiten,thenewfindingindicatesthatmorecomplexanimalbehaviours—thebuildingofnestsbychimpanzees,forinstance—mayalsohavearisenthroughsuchindirecttransmission.本文是一篇說明文。生物學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)研究表明，蜜蜂也能像人類一樣保存并延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)。1.Whydoestheauthormentiontermitesandhoneybeesinparagraph1?A.Tocomparevariousspecies’accomplishments.B.Toillustrateinsects’buildingcapability.C.Tohighlightthetraditionsofstinglessbees.D.Todrawattentiontocertainsocialinsects.B寫作意圖題。由第一段前兩句“說到建筑成就，人類總認(rèn)為自己站在金字塔的頂端。這是低估了群居昆蟲的驚人成就：白蟻筑起高聳的巢穴，蜜蜂打造的幾何體蜂房。由此可知,提到白蟻和蜜蜂是為說明群居昆蟲的建筑能力。答案與解析2.Howwasthestudyconducted?A.Bycomparingdifferentcombstructures.B.Byanalyzingthedatacollected.C.Byobservingbees’buildingbehaviors.D.Byinterveningworkerbees.C推理判斷題。由第三段前三句“為收集數(shù)據(jù)，DiPietro女士和她的同事在2022年和2023年的兩個(gè)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)，在巴西的一個(gè)大型養(yǎng)蜂場(chǎng)觀察了400多個(gè)無刺蜜蜂群。大約95%的蜂群建的是水平層的蜂房，就像分層的婚禮蛋糕，而其余5%則采用螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。在這兩種情況下，這種建造傳統(tǒng)都由許多代的工蜂維持下來。”可知,這項(xiàng)研究是通過觀察無刺蜜蜂的建筑習(xí)性進(jìn)行的。故選C。答案與解析3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Theassumption. B.Theenvironment.C.Theprocess. D.Thebehavior.A代詞指代題。第四段第一句提出DrWenseleers的理論,然后研究人員把螺旋體放入水平蜂房之中，發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂開始建造螺旋體蜂房。由此說明這種做法是為了驗(yàn)證他的假設(shè)，故A項(xiàng)正確。答案與解析4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Truemasterarchitectsinnature.B.Architecturalaccomplishmentsmadebyinsects.C.Bees’abilitytopreservetraditions.D.Architecturalwondersoftheinsectworld.C主旨大意題。本文屬于研究發(fā)現(xiàn),第二段“AgroupofbiologistsledbyVivianaDiPietroinBelgium,reportsthat,likehumans,thesetinycreaturesarecapableofbuildingaccordingtodifferentarchitecturaltraditionshandeddownovergenerations.”中that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句內(nèi)容即為文章主旨：像人類一樣，這些微小的生物能夠根據(jù)世代相傳的不同建筑傳統(tǒng)筑巢，故C項(xiàng)正確。答案與解析閱讀B

(2025·八省聯(lián)考)

體裁：夾敘夾議文主題語境：工作職業(yè)難度：★★★☆☆

JaneJacobsspentherworkinglifeadvancingadistinctvisionofthecity—inparticularfocusingonwhatmakesasuccessfulurbancommunity.Attheheartofhervisionistheideathaturbanlifeshouldbeanenergeticandrichaffair,wherebypeopleareabletointeractwithoneanotherindense(稠密)andexcitingurbanenvironments.Sheprefersdisordertoorder,walkingtodriving,anddiversitytouniformity.ForJacobs,urbancommunitiesareorganicbeingsthatshouldbelefttogrowandchangebythemselvesandnotbesubjecttothegrandplansofso-calledexpertsandofficials.Thebestjudgesofhowacityshouldbe—andhowitshoulddevelop—arethelocalresidentsthemselves.Jacobsarguesthaturbancommunitiesarebestplacedtounderstandhowtheircityfunctions,becausecitylifeiscreatedandsustainedthroughtheirvariousinteractions.Jacobsnotesthatthebuiltformofacityiscrucialtothelifeofanurbancommunity,especiallythesidewalks.Thestreetsinwhichpeopleliveshouldbeatightpatternofcrossedsidewalks,whichallowpeopletomeet,talk,andgettoknowoneanother.Suchacomplexbutultimatelyenrichingsetofencountershelpsindividualsknowtheirneighboursandneighbourhoodbetter.Diversityandmixed-useofspacearealso,forJacobs,keyelementsofthisurbanform.Thecommercial,business,andresidentialelementsofacityshouldnotbeseparatedoutbutinsteadbesidebyside,toallowforgreaterintegrationofpeople.Thereshouldalsobeadiversityofoldandnewbuildings,andpeople’sinteractionsshoulddeterminehowbuildingsgetusedandreused.Finally,urbancommunitiesgrowbetterinplaceswhereacriticalmassofpeoplelive,work,andinteract.Suchhigh-densityspacesare,shefeels,enginesofcreativityandvitality.Theyarealsosafeplacestobe,becausethehigherdensitymeansthattherearemore“eyesonthestreet”:shopkeepersandlocalswhoknowtheirareaandmaintainaclosewatchovertheneighbourhood.本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了Jacobs一生致力于推進(jìn)一種獨(dú)特的城市愿景，尤其關(guān)注是什么造就了一個(gè)成功的城市社區(qū)。5.WhatdoesJacobsfindmostimportantforasuccessfulurbancommunity?A.Efficientpublictransport. B.Stronginteractionbetweenpeople.C.Uniformstyleofbuildings. D.Acomparativelylargepopulation.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Attheheartofhervisionistheideathaturbanlifeshouldbeanenergeticandrichaffair,wherebypeopleareabletointeractwithoneanotherindense(稠密)andexcitingurbanenvironments.(她構(gòu)想的核心在于，城市生活應(yīng)當(dāng)充滿活力且豐富多彩，人們能夠在密集且令人興奮的城市環(huán)境中相互交流。)”可知，Jacobs認(rèn)為對(duì)于一個(gè)成功的城市社區(qū)來說，人與人之間的強(qiáng)烈互動(dòng)是最重要的。故選B。答案與解析6.WhodoesJacobsthinkshouldmakedecisionsonurbandevelopment?A.Localresidents. B.Governmentofficials.C.Cityplanners. D.Constructionworkers.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ForJacobs(對(duì)于Jacobs來說)”以及“Thebestjudgesofhowacityshouldbe—andhowitshoulddevelop—arethelocalresidentsthemselves.(一個(gè)城市應(yīng)該是什么樣的(它應(yīng)該如何發(fā)展)，最好的評(píng)判者是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褡约骸?”可知，Jacobs認(rèn)為對(duì)城市發(fā)展做出決定的應(yīng)該是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?。故選A。答案與解析7.HowdoesJacobssuggestsidewalksbebuilt?A.Linedwithplants. B.Paintedwithclearsigns.C.Tightlyconnected. D.Convenientfortheold.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thestreetsinwhichpeopleliveshouldbeatightpatternofcrossedsidewalks,whichallowpeopletomeet,talk,andgettoknowoneanother.Suchacomplexbutultimately答案與解析enrichingsetofencountershelpsindividualsknowtheirneighboursandneighbourhoodbetter.(人們居住的街道應(yīng)當(dāng)是縱橫交錯(cuò)的人行道構(gòu)成的緊密格局，這樣人們才能相遇、交談并相互了解。這樣一系列復(fù)雜但最終豐富了個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的相遇，有助于人們更好地了解自己的鄰居和社區(qū)。)”可知，Jacobs建議修建連接緊密的人行

道。故選C。答案與解析8.AccordingtoJacobs,the“eyesonthestreet”bringasenseof________.A.pride B.comfort C.security D.urgencyC推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyarealsosafeplacestobe,becausethehigherdensitymeansthattherearemore“eyesonthestreet”：shopkeepersandlocalswhoknowtheirareaandmaintainaclosewatchovertheneighbourhood.(它們也是安全的地方，因?yàn)槿舜鸢概c解析口密度高意味著有更多“街頭的眼睛”：店主和當(dāng)?shù)厝耸煜ぷ约旱膮^(qū)域，并密切留意著社區(qū)的情況。)”可知，Jacobs認(rèn)為，“街頭的眼睛”給人帶來一種安全的感覺。故選C。答案與解析閱讀C

(2025·天津一輪模擬)

體裁：應(yīng)用文主題語境：對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人難度：★★★☆☆(閱讀C、D)

TomarkInternationalWomen’sDay,weaskedDezeenAwardsjudgestonominate(提名)awomaninarchitectureanddesignwhoshouldhavegreaterrecognition.Shefali

BalwaniNominatedbyKamnaMalik“ShefaliBalwaniisanIndianarchitect.Herprojectshaveacertainvoicethatgoesbeyondtheconventionaldefinitionsofarchitectureanddesign.WheneverIlookatherwork,Iseemindfulnessonsomanylevels,whetheritisthroughtheuseofmaterialsorthesensitivityshowntowardsthesurroundings.”O(jiān)ana

St?nescuNominatedbyIngridMoye“HavingmetOanaSt?nescumanyyearsagowhileworkingatSANAAinTokyo,wehavenotonlybeenfollowingeachother’spathbutalsobecomefriends.IadmireOana’scuriousperspective(視角)throughwhichsheobservestheworld.Herrefreshingvoiceshowsnotonlyinheroriginalarchitecturalpracticebutalsoinherworkasanacademic,lecturer,andwriter.”Tatu

GatereNominatedbyStellaMutegi“TatuGatereistheco-founderandCEOofBuildher—anorganizationthatseekstoempowerwomenwithskillsneededintheconstructionindustry,whichisverymale-dominatedinKenya.TheskillsthatthesewomenareempoweredwithatBuildhermakeabigimpactoneveryaspectoftheirdailylives.”Jessica

Smulders

CohenNominatedbyKatieTreggiden“HavingstudiedsustainabledesignatKingstonUniversity,JessicaSmuldersCohendecidednottobecomeadesigneroramaker,butinsteadtobecomearepairspecialist.Jessandherworkdeservemorerecognitionbecauseourwholeindustryneedstomoveawayfrompursuingnewnessandinsteadprioritizereuseandrepair—itistheonlyhopewehaveforacircularfuturethatwillenableourspeciestolivewellonthisplanet.”本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是為了紀(jì)念國際婦女節(jié)，Dezeen獎(jiǎng)的評(píng)委們提名的幾位在建筑和設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該得到更多認(rèn)可的女性。9.WhatdoBalwaniandSt?nescuhaveincommon?A.Writingmanybooks. B.Beingcreativearchitects.C.WorkingforSANAAinTokyo.D.Empoweringconstructionworkers.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shefali

Balwani部分的“Her

projects

have

a

certain

voice

that

goes

beyond

the

conventional

definitions

of

architecture

and

design.(她的項(xiàng)目有一種超越傳統(tǒng)建筑和設(shè)計(jì)定義的聲音。)”和Oana

St?nescu部分的“Her

refreshing

voice

shows

not

only

in

her

original

architectural

practice

but

also

in

her

work

as

an

academic,lecturer,and

writer.

(她清新的聲音不僅體現(xiàn)在她新穎的建筑實(shí)踐中，也體現(xiàn)在她作為學(xué)者、講師和作家的工作中。)”可知，Balwani和St?nescu的共同點(diǎn)是都是有創(chuàng)造力的建筑師，故選B。答案與解析10.WhatcanweknowaboutIngridMoye?A.Sheisawriter. B.SheisafriendofSt?nescu.C.SheonceworkedforSt?nescu.D.ShethinksSt?nescuhasabeautifulvoice.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Oana

St?nescu部分的“Nominated

by

Ingrid

Moye(由Ingrid

Moye提名)”和“Having

met

Oana

St?nescu

many

years

ago

while

working

at

SANAA

in

Tokyo,we

have

not

only

been

following

each

other’s

path

but

also

become

friends.(多年前在東京SANAA工作時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)了Oana

St?nescu，我們不僅追隨彼此的道路，而且成了朋友。)”可知，Ingrid

Moye是St?nescu的朋友。故選B。答案與解析11.WhoseorganizationimprovesthelivesofKenyanwomen?A.ShefaliBalwani’s. B.OanaSt?nescu’s.C.TatuGatere’s. D.JessicaSmuldersCohen’s.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tatu

Gatere部分的“Tatu

Gatere

is

the

co-founder

and

CEO

of

Buildher—an

organization

that

seeks

to

empower

women

with

skills

needed

in

the

construction

industry,which

is

very

male-dominated

in

Kenya.(Tatu

Gatere是Buildher的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，該組織旨在為女性提供建筑業(yè)所需的技能，在肯尼亞,建筑業(yè)是男性主導(dǎo)的。)”可知，Tatu

Gatere的組織改善了肯尼亞婦女的生活。故選C。答案與解析12.WhydoesTreggidennominateCohen?A.Sheexcelsatdesigningandmaking.B.Shecontributestoasustainableplanet.C.Shepromotesequalrightsbetweengenders.D.Shegetswheresheisthroughself-education.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Jessica

Smulders

Cohen部分的“Jessandherworkdeservemorerecognitionbecauseourwholeindustryneedsto答案與解析moveawayfrompursuingnewnessandinsteadprioritizereuseandrepair—itistheonlyhopewehaveforacircularfuturethatwillenableourspeciestolivewellonthisplanet.(Jess和她的工作應(yīng)該得到更多的認(rèn)可，因?yàn)槲覀冋麄€(gè)行業(yè)需要放棄追求新鮮，而是優(yōu)先考慮再利用和修復(fù)——這是我們實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)未來的唯一希望，這將使我們的物種能夠在這個(gè)星球上生活得更好。)”可知，Treggiden提名Cohen是因?yàn)樗秊榈厍虻目沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選B。答案與解析閱讀D

體裁：記敘文主題語境：藝術(shù)難度：★★★☆☆

Whenitcomestothemostfamous20th-centurypaintersoftheUnitedStates,GrandmaMosesshouldbementioned,althoughshedidnotstartpaintinguntilshewasinherlateseventies.Assheoncesaidtoherself,“Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme.”Noonecouldhavehadamoreactiveoldage.Shewasalive-inhousekeeperforatotalof15years,startingat12yearsofage.Aftergettingmarried,sheandherhusbandfarmedmostoftheirlives.Withnotimeinherdifficultfarminglifeforpainting,shehadtosetasideherpassionforit.Atage92shewrote,“WhenIwasquitesmall,myfatherwouldgetmeandmybrotherspiecesofwhitepaper.Helikedtoseeusdrawpictures.Itwasapennyasheetandlastedlongerthancandy.”Itwasherfather’sencouragementthatfedherpassionforpaintingandthisdreamwasabletomanifest(清楚顯示)itselflaterinherlife.GrandmaMosespaintedalittleasachildandmadeembroidery(刺繡)asahobby,butonlychangedtooilsinheroldagebecauseherhandsbecametoostiff(僵硬的)tosewandshestillwantedtokeepbusyandpassthetime.Herpictureswerefirstsoldatthelocaldrugstoreandweresoonnoticedbyabusinessmanwhoboughtallthatshepainted.Moses’works,whichshecalled“old-timey”NewEnglandlandscapes,arecarefulandlivelyportrayalsofthecountrylife.Mosessaidthatshewould“getaninspirationandstartpainting;thenI’llforgeteverything,excepthowthingsusedtobeandhowtopaintitsopeoplewillknowhowweusedtolive.”13.WhatcanwelearnaboutGrandmaMosesfromparagraph1?A.Hermarriagelifewasnothappy.B.Shepaintedinoilswhenshewasachild.C.Shestoppedpaintinginherlateseventies.D.Shestillledacolorfullifewhenshewasold.本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了20世紀(jì)美國著名畫家GrandmaMoses的生平并介紹了她的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“No

one

could

have

had

a

more

active

old

age.

(沒有人能擁有比她更活躍的晚年了。)”可知，Grandma

Moses

在晚年仍然過著豐富多彩的生活。故選D。答案與解析14.WhatdidGrandmaMosesspendmostofherlifedoing?A.Embroidering. B.Farming.C.Nursing. D.Painting.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“After

getting

married,she

and

her

husband

farmed

most

of

their

lives.

With

no

time

in

her

difficult

farming

life

for

painting,she

had

to

set

aside

her

passion

for

it.

(結(jié)婚后，她和丈夫大部分時(shí)間都在務(wù)農(nóng)。在艱苦的農(nóng)業(yè)生活中，她沒有時(shí)間畫畫，只好把對(duì)畫畫的熱情放在一邊。)”可知，Grandma

Moses一生中大部分時(shí)間都在務(wù)農(nóng)。故選B。答案與解析15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“portrayals”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Directions. B.Stages.C.Surveys. D.Descriptions.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Moses

said

that

she

would‘get

an

inspiration

and

start

painting;then

I’ll

forget

everything,except

how答案與解析things

used

to

be

and

how

to

paint

it

so

people

will

know

how

we

used

to

live.’(摩西說她會(huì)‘獲得靈感并開始繪畫；然后我就會(huì)忘掉一切，只記得過去是怎樣的，以及怎樣把它畫出來，好讓人們知道我們過去是怎樣生活的?！?”可知，其畫作重在重現(xiàn)她所熟知的鄉(xiāng)村生活，故其畫作是對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的生動(dòng)描繪。故畫線詞的意思是“描述”。故選D。答案與解析16.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GrandmaMosesandHerExhibitionB.GrandmaMosesandHerFarmingLifeC.GrandmaMoses:theBestWomanPainterD.GrandmaMoses:AFamousWomanPainterofthe20thCenturyD標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenitcomestothemostfamous20th-centurypaintersoftheUnitedStates,GrandmaMosesshouldbementioned,althoughshedidnotstartpaintinguntilshewasinherlateseventies.(說到20世紀(jì)美國最著名的畫家，就不得不提摩西奶奶，盡管她直到70多歲才開始畫畫。)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹的是20世紀(jì)美國著名畫家GrandmaMoses可知，這是一篇人物傳記類記敘文，故D項(xiàng)“摩西奶奶：一位20世紀(jì)著名女畫家”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。答案與解析七選五

(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)

體裁：說明文主題語境：完善自我難度：★★★☆☆Personal

ForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.

1

Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths”.

2

Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness”.Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.

3

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.

4

Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.

5

We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.本文是一篇說明文。文章提出通過寫作練習(xí)可以讓我們?cè)诜稿e(cuò)后學(xué)會(huì)如何自我諒解，并給出了寫作練習(xí)的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)明了犯錯(cuò)的積極意義。1.D第一段前兩句提到“為自己的錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因錯(cuò)誤而過分自責(zé)。人都是會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤的”。因此，既然犯錯(cuò)是人之常情，所以不要過分自責(zé)，學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己也同樣重要。D項(xiàng)符合語境，呼應(yīng)上文?？蘸笠痪涮岢鲎晕以彽慕鉀Q辦法：你可以用以下的寫作訓(xùn)練幫你做到這一點(diǎn)；句中的this指代D項(xiàng)中的“showyourselfsomeforgiveness”。答案與解析2.B本段先介紹：寫下個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)，空后舉例說明你可能會(huì)寫下的個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)——樂于助人、有創(chuàng)造性、慷慨、善于傾聽、有趣等

等。最后一句總結(jié)說明這些寫下的品質(zhì)不需要有多高尚。由此可知只需要寫一些自己引以為傲的品質(zhì)就行了。B項(xiàng)符合語境，呼應(yīng)上文。B項(xiàng)與空前一句句式同為祈使句，且選項(xiàng)中的“allthecharacteristics”是對(duì)下文caring,creative,generous,agoodlistener,funtobearound的品質(zhì)的概括，且與下一句中的They呼應(yīng)。characteristics與personality屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案與解析3.F上文介紹：寫下“善行”，并且列出一些你為他人做的好事。下文列舉了一些生活中瑣碎的好事的例子。本空是對(duì)本段的總

結(jié)，再次重申無論這件好事是什么、有多小，要把善行記下來。故F項(xiàng)能夠總結(jié)本段。答案與解析4.C本段介紹：你可能想要親朋好友來幫你增加你的列表，空后提到：這樣，你們就能交流想法，談?wù)勀銈兏髯缘奶厥庵幒湍銈儌€(gè)性中的閃光點(diǎn)。故空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)此處的進(jìn)一步討論或建議：他們甚至可能喜歡嘗試做這個(gè)練習(xí)。C項(xiàng)是前文內(nèi)容的遞進(jìn)，也是后文的過渡。選項(xiàng)中的They指代“afriendorfamilymember”,“doingtheexercise”和上文的“helpaddtoyourlist”是前后承接的

關(guān)系。答案與解析5.G本段總結(jié)，前文提到“雖然大多數(shù)人都是從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)而并非從成功中學(xué)習(xí)已是陳詞濫調(diào)，但事實(shí)確實(shí)如此”，后文提到“我們總是在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，因此犯錯(cuò)是一個(gè)發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)的積極途徑”。由此可知，無論什么錯(cuò)誤都不是不變的，人不會(huì)總犯相同的錯(cuò)

誤，即錯(cuò)誤不是你性格中固有的一面。G項(xiàng)符合語境，選項(xiàng)中的“isn’tafixedaspect”與下文的changing呼應(yīng)。答案與解析完形填空

(2024·浙江1月卷)

體裁：記敘文主題語境：個(gè)人經(jīng)歷難度：★★★☆☆

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful

1

withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman

2

meonthetrain.My

3

friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe

4

topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad

5

atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob

6

highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost

7

,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould

8

atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican

9

asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I

10

himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto

11

myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,

12

,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he

13

mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom

14

withanopenmind,andawillingnessto

15

withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.

1.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment2.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached3.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost4.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right5.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded6.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding7.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable8.A.publish B.quote C.copy D.download9.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students10.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch11.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith12.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated13.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised14.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching15.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage答案與解析本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了旅行途中，作者在火車上遇到一位年輕的中國當(dāng)?shù)匦』镒?，在與他的交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小伙子見多識(shí)

廣、勤奮努力、自學(xué)成才，最后作者對(duì)他表達(dá)了欽佩之情。1.B根據(jù)下文中的“withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor”可知，此處指作者和當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘淮蚊烂畹腻忮?。experiment“實(shí)驗(yàn)”；encounter“邂逅，相遇”；competition“比賽”；appointment“任

命”。故選B。2.D根據(jù)下文中的“meonthetrain”以及兩人的交談可知，一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。treat“對(duì)待”；save“拯救”；lecture“講授