新工科大學(xué)英語 教案 Unit 7 From depths to heights

PAGEPAGE10Unit7FromdepthstoheightsUnitoverviewDeep-seaexplorationandthesearchforlifebeyondtheeartharetwoofhumanity’smostcaptivatingfrontiersinmodernscience,bothrequiringcutting-edge,interdisciplinaryapproaches.Indeep-seaexploration,engineersdrawinspirationfromthenaturalworld,designingsoftrobotsmodeledaftermarineorganismstowithstandtheextremetemperaturesandimmensepressuresofthedeepocean.Thesegroundbreakingbioinspiredrobots,highlyadaptiveandflexible,cannavigatehostileunderwaterenvironments.Similarly,inastrobiology,engineeringintersectswithinformationtheorytodecodepotentialbiosignaturesindistantalienworlds.Thisinterdisciplinarysynergy,integratingastronomy,biology,engineering,anddatascience,illustrateshowresearchersarepushingtheboundariesofexploration,unravelingthemysteriesofourownplanetwhilereachingforthestars.ViewingthroughthelensBackgroundinformationTheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)isaspace-basedobservatoryorbitingtheearth.Itslaunchin1990markedthebeginningofanewerainhumanity’sexplorationoftheuniverse.Positionedabovetheearth’satmosphere,HSTavoidsatmosphericdistortion,allowingittocaptureexceptionallyhigh-resolutionimagesanddetailedspectroscopicdata,rangingfromoursolarsystemtothefarreachesoftheearlyuniverse.Itsgroundbreakingobservationshavefundamentallychangedourunderstandingoftheuniverse,fromdeterminingtheatmosphericcompositionofplanetsaroundotherstarstodiscoveringdarkenergy.Thespaceracewasa20th-centurycompetitionbetweenColdWarrivals,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion,toachievedominanceinspaceflightcapabilities.Originatingfromthemissile-basednucleararmsraceafterWorldWarII,itbecameacriticalcomponentofnationalsecurityandtechnologicalsupremacy.Thespaceracepropelledaseriesofgroundbreakingachievements,includingthelaunchofartificialsatellites,roboticmissionstothemoon,Venus,andMars,andhumanspaceflightinlow-earthorbitandultimatelytothemoon.Scripts

Whyhaveweexploredmoreofspacethantheocean?Theoceancoversmorethan70%oftheearth’ssurface,butmuchofitremainsunexplored.Infact,itisoftenclaimedthatweknowmoreaboutthesurfacesofMarsandthemoonthanwedoabouttheoceanonourownplanet.Butwhyexactlyisthisthecase?lookedintothequestionandfoundsomeinterestinginformation.Whydon’tweexploretheocean?Whenitcomestotheocean,there’salottoexplore.Eventhoughwe’vehadalotoftimeandlikelyallthenecessaryresourcestodoso,itwouldbeincrediblyexpensive.date,onlyabout26%oftheglobalseafloorhasbeenmappedwithhigh-resolutionsonarimaging.Butwhydon’twejustfinishthejobandmaptherest?Theansweristhatjustnotthatsimple.can’tgetdowntheretoexplorewithoureyes.Insomeplaces,thepressureoftheoceanequalsthatof50jumbojetsrestingrightontopofyou.Andbeforeyouevenconsiderthefactthatatgreatdepthsthereisabsolutelynovisibility.notjustamatterofprovidingalightsource;alsoabouthowfarlightcantravel–adistancethat,atthebottomoftheocean,isnotveryWhyhaveweexploredspacesomuch?oneoftheprimaryreasonswhyspaceexplorationhasbeensuchalargepartofhistoryisthedevelopmentoftelescopesliketheHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichiscapableofseeingdistancesofover13billionlightyears.Althoughmanyscientistsdobelievethatmuchmoreoftheuniversetoexplore,comparing13billionlightyearstotheocean’sknowndepths,whichisonlyabout11,000metersdeep,underscoreshowmuchtechnologyhasbeendevelopedforspaceexplorationratherthanoceanexploration!Partofthiscouldalsobeattributedtohistory.TheinitialpushtodiscoverspacebeganwiththespaceracebetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnioninthe1950sand1960s.more,spaceseemstoholdamysticalglamorthattheoceandoesn’thave.Duetoitsvastness,spaceofferstheexcitingpossibilityofdiscoveringnewintelligentlifeforms.Humanshavespentyearsponderingifthereislifeonotherplanets.Whereisoceanexplorationheaded?emergingtechnologies,wenowhavemorepossibilitiesforoceanexplorationthaneverbefore.Oneofthesetechnologiesisdrones,whichhavebeendesignedtowithstandtheimmensepressureatgreatdepths.Otheradvancementsinexplorationtechnologyincludefluorescence-detectingcamerasforlocatingglowingfish,miniaturerobotsforgatheringwaterinformation,andsoftgrippersforgentlycollectingoceanspecimens.Itwill,however,takequiteabitoftime,dedication,andresourcestoreallyunderstandtheoceanthatmakesupamajorpartofourworld.Moreimportantly,itwilltakealotofscientistsandresearchersworkingtogethertoachieveonecommongoal.Butitmaybepossiblethatonedaywewillnolongerhaveexploredmoreofspacethantheocean.AdditionalWhatwasfoundinthedeepestplacesoftheocean?Whatmysterieslurkinthedepthsoftheocean?Thedeeperwego,themorecuriousitgets.Let’sgoonajourneyintotheverydepthstofindoutwhatthebottomoftheoceanlookslike,whatitconsistsof,andwhathappensthere.Video:Whatwasfoundinthedeepestplacesoftheocean?TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeLet’sexploretheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,thelargestandmosttechnicallyadvancedspacetelescopeeverbuilt.Itslargersizeandricherinfraredviewsallowittopeerbackover13.5billionyearstorevealthefirststarsandgalaxies,therebydeepeningourunderstandingofhowgalaxiesevolveovertime.Video:TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopePre-viewingReferenceanswersExploringtheoceanandspaceoffersnumerousbenefits.Oceanexplorationhelpsusprotectmarinebiodiversity,manageresources,anddiscovernewspecies,landscapes,andminerals.Italsoplaysavitalroleinunderstandinghowoceansregulatetheclimate,absorbcarbon,andsupportlifeontheearth.Spaceexplorationpushestheboundariesofscienceandtechnology,resultingininnovationslikeGPS,satellitecommunications,andweatherforecasting.Plus,studyingspacehelpsusunderstandourplanet’splaceintheuniverse,monitorclimatechange,andevensearchforpotentialhabitatsbeyondtheearth.Bothoceanandspaceexplorationinspirenewtechnologies,createjobs,andpromoteglobalcooperation.Inshort,byexploringtheunknown,whetherit’sbeneaththewavesorbeyondthestars,wegainknowledgethatcanimprovelifehereonourplanet.ReferenceanswersInrecentyears,therehavebeensomereallyexcitingachievementsinbothoceanandspaceexploration.Forexample,inspace,China’sChang’e-5missionbroughtbacklunarsamplesin2020,whiletheTianwen-1missionlandedarovernamedZhurongonMarsin2021,makingChinathesecondcountrytooperatearoverontheRedPlanet.TheTiangongspacestationisnowfullyoperationalwithtaikonautsaboardinlowearthorbit.Inoceanexploration,China’sdeep-seamannedsubmersibleFendouzhesetanationalrecordbydiving10,909metersintotheMarianaTrench.There’salsobeenprogressinmappingtheseafloorandstudyingdeep-seaecosystems.TheseachievementsshowcaseChina’ssignificantcontributionstobothfields.andsynthesizingAnswers1)unexplored 2)expensive3)visibility 4)13billion5)intelligent 6)immensepressure7)robots 8)oceanspecimensanddiscussingReferenceanswersSample1Bothspaceexplorationandoceanexplorationarevital,andweshouldinvestinthemequally.Spaceexplorationoffersopportunitiestodiscovernewplanets,studytheoriginsoftheuniverse,andpotentiallyfindlifebeyondtheearth.Meanwhile,theoceancoversover70%ofourplanet,andexploringitcanhelpusunderstandtheearth’secosystemsbetter,discovernewspecies,andfindsolutionstoissueslikeclimatechange.Theoceanalsoholdsvastuntappedresourcesthatcanbeusedinenergygeneration,medicine,etc.Abalancedapproachiskey,asfocusingtoomuchononecouldhinderdiscoveriesintheother.Sample2Idon’tthinkit’snecessarytostrikeabalancebetweenspaceexplorationandoceanexploration.Thefocusshoulddependonthespecificneedsandgoalsofeachcountry.Forexample,landlockedcountriesmaynotbenefitasdirectlyfromoceanexploration,sotheycouldprioritizespaceresearch,whichhasuniversalapplications.Spaceexplorationcanpushtechnologicalboundariesandexpandourunderstandingoftheuniverse,whichisvitalforlong-termprogress.Bycontrast,oceanexplorationmaybemorecriticalforcoastalorislandnations,asithelpsuncoveruntappedresources,advanceenvironmentalresearch,andstrengthenourunderstandingoftheearth’secosystems.Inshort,it’snotaboutbalance,butaboutinvestingintheareasthatalignwitheachcountry’sprioritiesandwillprovidethegreatestbenefit.ReferenceanswersAsweexplorespaceandtheocean,it’svitallyimportantthatweprotecttheirecosystems.Intheocean,thatmeansavoidingpollutionandbeingcarefulnottodisturbfragilehabitatslikecoralreefsordeep-seavents.Weneedtodeveloptechnologiesthatallowustoexplorewithoutcausingharm,suchasusingeco-friendlymaterialsforrobotsandminimizingnoisepollutionthatcanaffectmarinelife.Whenitcomestospace,eventhoughwe’venotfoundlifeondistantplanetsyet,westillneedtobeprudent.It’sessentialtopreventearth-basedmicrobesfromcontaminatingplaceslikeMarsorthemoon,asthiscouldinterferewithfuturescientificdiscoveries.Inbothcases,it’sallaboutstrikingabalancebetweenexplorationandresponsibility.Thismeanscreatingstrictguidelinesforresearchers,investinginsustainabletechnologies,andmakingsurewedon’texploitordamagetheseuniqueecosystemsaswereachfornewfrontiers.ExploringthentierReading1BackgroundinformationThedevelopmentofbioinspiredroboticsstartedinthemid-20thcenturyandhasacceleratedsignificantlyoverthepastdecades.Earlyeffortsfocusedonmimickingsimpleanimalmovements,butadvancesinmaterialsscience,biomechanics,andAIhavesinceenabledthecreationofhighlysophisticatedrobots.Bystudyingtheprinciplesandmechanismsfoundinnature,designershavedevelopedunderwaterrobotsinspiredbyfish,aerialdronesmodeledafterbirdsandinsects,softrobotsinfluencedbythearmsofanoctopus,andclimbingrobotsbasedontheabilitiesofgeckos.Today,bioinspiredroboticscontinuestopushboundaries,offeringinnovativesolutionsinfieldssuchashealthcare,exploration,andindustrialautomation.KnowledgefocusBelowaresomekeytakeawaysfromReading1.Pleaseguidestudentstoaccessthedigitaltextbookforadditionallearningmaterialsandinteractiveresources.self-poweredunderwaterroboticfishMarianaTrenchhadalsnailfishfieldtestcompliantmaterialbioinspiredsoftroboticsAdditionalDeep-seasoftrobotsCouldthefutureofdeep-seaexplorationbesoft?InspiredbytheskulloftheMarianaSnailfish,thedeepestlivingfish,researchershavedevelopedapressure-resistantsoftrobotfortheocean’sdepths.Video:Deep-seasoftrobotsHowdoesthehadalsnailfishsurvive?Inanenvironmentwheresubmarineswouldbecrushed,livestheremarkablesnailfish.Discoverhowthisfish,andotherdeep-seacreatures,surviveinsuchextremeconditions.Video:Howdoesthehadalsnailfishsurvive?LanguagepointsTwoprimaryreasonsforthisarethelowtemperaturesandenormouspressuresexertedatsuchdepths,whichrequirethattheexplorationequipmentbecarefullyshieldedinsidehigh-strengthmetalorceramicchambers.(Para.2)[Structure&Grammar]:Theverb“require”inthiscontextindicatesnecessityordemand.InformalEnglish,afterverbsthatexpressnecessityorcommand,like“require,”“demand,”“insist,”“suggest,”or“order,”theverbintheobjectclausetypicallytakesthesubjunctivemood.“Should”withthebaseformoftheverbisoftenused,and“should”canbeomitted.However,asmallself-poweredunderwaterroboticfish,developedbyateamofChineseresearchersfromHangzhou,appearstoofferanalternative.(Para.3)[Words&Phrases]:Theword“alternative”isusedasanoun,meaning“athingthatyoucanchoosetodoorhaveoutoftwoormorepossibilities(可供選擇的事物).”Inthiscontext,itreferstothesmallroboticfish,whichissuggestedasanovel,potentiallybettersubstituteforthebulky,expensive,andunwieldydeep-seaexplorationvesselscurrentlyinuse.e.g.Solar,wind,andgeothermalenergyaresomeofthemostpromisingalternativestofossilfuelsforsustainablepowergeneration.Theword“alternative”canalsobeusedasanadjective.thatcanbeusedinsteadofsth.else可供替代的e.g.Manydoctorsrecommendanalternativeapproachtotreatingallergiesthroughnaturalremediesanddietchanges.differentfromtheusualortraditionalwayinwhichsth.isdone非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的e.g.Afterseveralroundsoftesting,theydecidedtoimplementanalternativedesignforthenewenginetomeetstricterenvironmentalregulations.Theuniqueskullstructureandflappingpectoralfinsofoneofthesemarineanimals,thehadalsnailfish,reportedlyinspiredthedesignofthisremarkableroboticswimmer.(Para.4)[Words&Phrases]:Theword“reportedly”isanadverb,meaning“accordingtowhatsomepeoplesay(據(jù)說；據(jù)報道；據(jù)傳聞).”Itisusedtoindicatethattheinformationcomesfromothersources,notdirectlyconfirmedbytheauthor.Thishelpskeepthetoneobjective,especiallyinacademicorscientificwriting.e.g.Thischatbotwasreportedlydevelopedforafractionofthecostofitsrivals.Themainbreakthroughthatenabledthissignificantachievementwasaspeciallydesignedcompliantpolymerbodywhichdeforms,withoutbreaking,underhighpressure.(Para.5)[Meaning]:Thekeyinnovationbehindthismajorachievementwasaspeciallydesignedflexiblepolymerbody.Thispolymerbodycanchangeitsusualshapeunderhighpressurewithoutbreaking.Themusclescontaindielectricelastomers–aclassofsmartmaterialswhichcontractwhenavoltageisapplied,creatinglargemovements.(Para.8)[Words&Phrases]:Theword“contract”isaverb,meaning“becomesmallerornarrower(縮?。皇湛s，縮短).”e.g.Glasscontractsduringthecoolingprocess,soitmustbecarefullymanagedtoavoiddamage.Italsohasseveralothermeanings.vt.getanillness感染（疾病）；得（病）e.g.Itisimportanttowearprotectivegeartoreducetheriskofcontractingseriousillnesses.v.makealegalagreementwithsb.forthemtoworkforyouorprovideyouwithaservice（與…）訂立合同（或契約）e.g.Severalcomputerengineershavebeencontractedtodevelopanewsoftwaresystemforthecompany.Afterlanding,itwastriggeredtogenerateaflappingmotion,asrecordedbythecamerasofthelander,overacontinuous45-minuteperiodatadepthof10,900meters.(Para.12)[Structure&Grammar]:Inthissentence,“as”isusedasaconjunctiontointroduceareducedattributiveclausethatexplainshowtheflappingmotionwasrecorded.Here“asrecordedbythecamerasofthelander”isequivalentto“whichwasrecordedbythecamerasofthelander.”Theserobotscanbend,yield,andadaptinresponsetoforcesfromtheirenvironment,sotheyareinherentlysafertoworkwithcomparedwithtypicalrigidindustrialrobots.(Para.14)[Words&Phrases]:Inthiscontext,theword“yield”isusedasaverb,meaning“move,bend,orbreakbecauseofpressure([受壓]活動，變形，彎曲，折斷).”e.g.Theweightoftheheavyloadcausedtheropetoyieldundertheimmensepressure.Italsohasseveralduceorprovidesth.,e.g.,aprofit,result,orcrop益、效益等）；提供e.g.Thesurveyyieldedusefulinformationaboutcustomerpreferencesandpurchasinghabits.v.stopresistingsb.orsth.;agreetodosth.thatyoudonotwanttodo屈服；讓步e.g.Despitehisstrongdesiretoloseweight,heyieldedtotemptationandsavoredthedeliciousdessert.Thecurrentversionofthedeep-seaswimmerappearstoberelativelyslow,notveryeasytomaneuver,andpossiblynotabletowithstandthestrongunderwatercurrentswhichcoulddisturbitscoursewhileattemptingtofollowadesiredpath.(Para.16)[Meaning]:Thecurrentmodelofthedeep-seaswimmerseemstobesomewhatslowanddifficulttocontrol.Itmaynotbeabletoendurestrongunderwatercurrentsandthesecurrentscoulddisruptitsintendedpath.[Structure&Grammar]:Inthissentence,“whichcoulddisturbitscoursewhileattemptingtofollowadesiredpath”isanattributiveclausethatprovidesmoreinformationaboutthe“strongunderwatercurrents”mentionedearlier.Thelogicalsubjectoftheparticipialphrase“attemptingtofollowadesiredpath”is“thecurrentversionofthedeep-seaswimmer.”Asthisfieldcontinuestoevolve,thepotentialbenefitsandapplicationsseemasvastasthedeepseaitself,promisingafuturewheretechnologyandnaturecoalescetoenhancebothdiscoveryanddailylife.(Para.17)[Words&Phrases]:Inthiscontext,theverb“coalesce”isusedmetaphorically.Whilecoalesceliterallymeans“cometogetherandformagrouporasingleunit(聯(lián)合；合并),”hereitimpliesaharmoniousintegrationoftechnologyandnature,emphasizingthepotentialfortechnologytoworkinharmonywithnaturalsystems.e.g.Overtime,thediverseimmigrantcommunitiescoalescedintoavibrantmulticulturalsociety.[Notes]:Theauthorcompares“thepotentialbenefitsandapplications”tothevastnessofthedeepsea,usingthissimiletoevokeasenseoflimitlesspotentialandboundlessopportunity.Thiscomparisoncreatesapowerfulechowiththeopeningofthepassage,reinforcingthethemeofdeep-seaexploration.ReadingandsynthesizingGlobalunderstandingAnswers1)enormouspressures 2)high-strength3)thehadalsnailfish 4)deform5)(delicate)electroniccomponents 6)dielectricelastomers7)bioinspiredsoftrobotics 8)interactionsDetailedunderstandingAnswers1)silicone 2)Flap3)22cm 4)28cm5)high-voltageamplifier 6)athousandtimes7)remotecontrol 8)Softartificial9)ContractCultivatingengineeringthinkingReferenceanswersIthinkimprovingthecurrentversionofthedeep-seaswimmerrequiresamultifacetedapproach.First,wecouldupgradethepropulsionsystemwithflexible,jet-likemechanismsforbettermaneuverabilityandspeed.Second,advancedmaterialslikecarbonfibercompositesortitaniumalloyscouldpossiblyenhancedurabilitywhilereducingweight,allowingittowithstandstrongcurrents.Third,integratingAIandmachinelearningwouldmakeitsmarter,allowingittoadjustitspathandavoidobstaclesinrealtime.Finally,optimizingtheshapeforhydrodynamicsandaddingmodularcomponentsforadaptabilitycouldfurtherboostThesesolutions,combinedwithrigoroustestinginsimulateddeep-seaconditions,couldsignificantlyimproveitsperformanceindeep-seaexploration.ReferenceanswersChallengessuchaspressure,saltwatercorrosion,powerandcommunicationarecommonindeep-seaexploration,andmustbecarefullyconsideredandaddressedwhendesigningequipment.First,atextremedepths,theimmensepressurecancrushequipmentifitisnotproperlydesigned,soitmustbewell-designedtowithstanditwithoutfailure.Second,corrosionisanotherchallenge.Saltwatertendstoerodematerials,soweneedtousehigh-strength,erosion-resistantmetallicorceramiccoatings.Third,powerisalsoacriticalfactor;deep-seadevicesneedtooperateautonomouslyforextendedperiods,oftenwithouteasyaccesstopowersources.communicationisamajorhurdle.Signallossisfrequentinsuchenvironments,sodevisingsystemstotransmitdatainsuchanenvironmentisatoughengineeringchallenge.ReferenceanswersSample1Bioinspiredsoftroboticscouldrevolutionizemedicine,particularlyinareaslikedrugdeliveryandForexample,aresearchteamfromtheUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChinahasdevelopedanamoeba-inspired,softroboticwounddressingwithtunableadhesion.Thisinnovativedevicefeaturesswitchabledormantandactivestates.Initsdormantstate,therobotexhibitsstrongadhesionandmechanicalstabilitytosecurethewoundsite,whileintheactivestate,reducedadhesionenablesautonomousbiomimeticmovementtogentlyremovepus,alleviatingpatientdiscomfortandpreventingsecondarytrauma.Thisbreakthroughsignificantlyacceleratespost-surgicalrecovery,representingamajoradvancementinsmartdressingtechnology.Sample2Bioinspiredsoftroboticshasthepotentialtorevolutionizeagriculturebyimprovingefficiencywhileminimizingharmtocrops.Forinstance,softroboticgrippers,inspiredbyhumanhandsortheflexibletentaclesofsoftcreatures,offeragentleapproachtoharvestingdelicatefruitsandvegetables,significantlyreducingtheriskofbruisingorcrushing,whichiscommonwithtraditionalrigidharvesters.Specifically,fluidicelastomeractuators(FEAs)insoftgripperscancontrolgripforce,ensuringthatfruitslikeplumsorpeachesarehandledwithcare.Theserobotscanalsoassistinothertaskslikeirrigation,weeding,andseeding.Theirflexibilityandadaptabilitymakethemamoreadaptable,efficient,andlessdamagingalternativetorigidmachinesinagriculture.EnhancingacademicwritingStep1InPara.12,theauthoreffectivelyoutlinesthefieldtestprocedure,highlightingboththeoperationalconditionsandtherobot’sperformanceunderextremedeep-seaconditions.Theparagraphprovidesspecificdetailsaboutthetestsetup,includingtherobotbeingmountedonadeep-sealander.Italsoexplainswhatoccurredaftertherobotlanded;namely,itwastriggeredtogenerateaflappingmotion.Additionally,theparagraphspecifieshowtherobot’smotionwasrecorded,withfootagecapturedbythelander’scameras,andnotesthetest’sduration(acontinuous45-minuteperiod),aswellasthedepthatwhichitoccurred(10,900meters).Step2Similarities:Thefollowingkeymessages,includingtheexperimentalsetup,performance,anddatacollectionmethodology,arecoveredinboththeexcerptandPara.12.First,therobotwasmountedonadeep-sealander,whichservedastheoperationalbaseintheextremehigh-pressureenvironmentoftheMarianaTrench(10,900metersdepth).Second,therobotmaintaineditsflappingmotionoveracontinuous45-minuteperiod,demonstratingstableoperationunderthesechallengingconditions.Finally,allexperimentalprocedureswererecordedbythecamerasofthelander,providingverifiableevidenceofboththetestenvironmentandtheroboticperformance.Differences:Theexcerptprovidesin-depthtechnicaldetails,includingthecompositionofthelander(anupperfloatpackpayload,alowerplatform),themechanismforreturningtothesurface(atimertotriggerthereleaseofballastandinitiatethereturnofthedeep-sealander),thespecificvoltagesused(78kVand9kVat0.5Hz),thebatterytype(2,500mAhlithium-ionbattery),andtheuseofvessel-protectedvideocamerasandLEDsforrecording.Italsogivesastep-by-stepaccountoftheproceduresandequipmentinvolvedinamoreformalandtechnicalsuitableforamorespecializedaudience.Incontrast,Para.12givesamoregeneraloverviewwithfewertechnicaldetails,focusingonthefactthattherobotmaintaineditsmotionandtheconditionswereextreme.Itomitsspecifictechnicaldetailsorcomponentsusedduringthetestingprocess.Itusesamoreaccessiblelanguage,likelytargetedatabroaderaudience.Reasonsforthesimilaritiesanddifferences:Thesimilaritiesarisebecausebothtextsdescribethesameexperimentandsharethegoalofpresentingitskeyinformation.Thedifferencesstemfromtheirtargetaudiences.Whiletheexcerptcaterstoaspecializedaudiencewithafocusontechnicalrigor,Para.12aimstomaketheexperimentaccessibleandengagingforabroaderreadership.Step3[Theexperimentalsetup]Thesoftrobotwasmountedonadeep-sealanderduringthefieldtestintheMarianaTrenchtoreachtheseabed(depthof10,900m).[Therelevantequipmentanditsfunctions]Thedeep-sealanderhadanupperfloatpackpayloadthatprovidedpositivebuoyancyforretrievaloftheinstrumentation,alongsidealowerplatformtomountthesoftrobot.Thedeep-sealanderwasequippedwithatimer,whichwasprogrammedtotriggerthereleaseofballastandinitiatethereturnofthedeep-sealandertotheoceansurface.[Theoperationalprocedure]Afterlanding,theembeddedelectronictimerinthesoftrobottriggeredthehigh-voltagesourceandactuatedtherobotwithvarioussquare-wavea.c.voltagesof78kVand9kVat0.5Hz.Therobotmaintainedflappingactuationfor45minwithitsintegrated2,500mAhlithium-ion[Thedatacollectionmethod]Experimentalprocesseswererecordedusingvessel-protectedvideocamerasandlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs)attachedtotheStep4TheZhurongroverwasdeployedonMarsaspartofChina’sTianwen-1mission.Weighingabout240kilograms,itwasencasedinanaeroshellandattachedtoanorbiterforprotectionduringitsjourneytotheMartiansurface.Equippedwithasuiteofsixscientificinstruments,theroverwasdesignedtogatheradiverserangeofdataaboutMars.ItusedtheMarsMagneticFieldDetectortoprovidedetaileddataontheplanet’smagneticfield,theMars-RoverSubsurfaceExplorationRadartoexploreMars’shallowsubsurfacestructureanddetectpotentialundergroundwaterorice,andtheMarsSurfaceCompositionDetectortoanalyzethechemicalelementsofMartianrocks.ItalsoemployedtheMultispectralCamera,theTerrainCamera,andtheMarsMeteorologyMonitortomeasuresurfacetemperature,atmosphericpressure,windspeed,winddirection,andsound.Theroversuccessfullynavigatedtheso-called“sevenminutesofterror”duringitslanding,whereaparachuteandrocketenginesensuredacontrolledtouchdown.UponreachingtheMartiansurface,itdeployeditsbutterfly-likesolarpanelsforpowerandbeganitsprimarymissioninUtopiaPlanitia,whereituseditsarrayofinstrumentstoanalyzetheterrain,searchforwaterorice,andstudytheatmosphere.DatacollectedbytheroverwastransmittedbacktotheearththroughtheTianwen-1orbiter,whichservedasarelaystation.However,theorbiterwasnotalwaysinapositiontoforwarddatafromtherover.Communicationwaspossibleforabout10minuteseachMartiandaywhentheorbiterenteredthe“near-Marsarcsegment,”enablingthetransmissionofvaluablesurfacedata.ImprovinglanguageskillsvocabularyAnswersCompliantpolymerswingspanfieldtestDielectricelastomersmatrixhigh-voltageamplifieractuatorlanderExExisesonlineLanguageinuseCopleethesntnsbytanslatingtheChiseinpanthssintoEnglih.1.Chinahsdvlopeditshighspdrilwyntwork以驚人的速,trnsformingthetrnsporttionstorcrosstheountryinjustafwdeds.2. (中國最先進(jìn)的半導(dǎo)體制造設(shè)備)remakingsignifintstridesindvningthesmiondutorindustr.3.Theuseoffiientsolarpnlsn 成倍提高產(chǎn)生的電)fomthesmesurfere.4.nChina, 科學(xué)家和工程師匯聚成跨學(xué)科科研隊伍)todvloputtingdgernwblengysolutions.5.Thetem 戰(zhàn)略性地選擇了重量輕、強度高的材料)toimprovethefiienyndprormneoftheircrft.RfnceanswstastaggringspedThestatothe-rtsemiondutormanuaturingfilitiesinChinamultiplytheamountofelectricalenergygeneratedscientistsandengineerscoalesceintointerdisciplinaryresearchteamsstrategicallyselectedlightweight,buthigh-strength,materialsBankedclo