29 第二部分 句 法 篇 第1講 定語(yǔ)從句 課件-《高考快車(chē)道》2026版高三英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 北師大版

第二部分

語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)突破句法

篇第1講定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法精講考點(diǎn)一

關(guān)系代詞1．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞用法例句who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略)I'mLiHuafromSenior3，whoisoneofthefaithfulfansoftheEnglishCorner．關(guān)系代詞用法例句whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用who代替，但介詞后只能用whomMr．SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking．whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示所屬關(guān)系InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike．Helivesinahousewhosewindowisbroken．關(guān)系代詞用法例句that指人時(shí)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)通?？梢耘cwho，whom互換；指物時(shí)通?？梢耘cwhich互換Ihavemanyfriendsthat/who/whomI'mgoingtosendpostcardsto．which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，也可指代整件事China

Todayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina．關(guān)系代詞用法例句as指人或物，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中

Heissuchakindboyaswealllike．引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分，意為“正如”Asweallknow，heisakindboy．2．限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只用that不用which的情況語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句先行詞是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little等不定代詞，或先行詞被no，little，all等修飾時(shí)Hedideverythingthathecouldforme．先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen．語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句當(dāng)先行詞既含有表示人的名詞又含有表示物的名詞時(shí)Theytalkedaboutthemenandthethingsthattheysawinthecountry．先行詞被theonly，thevery等修飾時(shí)ThisistheverybookthatI'vebeenlookingfor．當(dāng)主句是以which或who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight？3．當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中只能用which不用that的情況語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking．引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Crusoe'sdog，whichwasveryold，becameillanddied．4．當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中只能用who不用that的情況語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Tom，whoismyfriend，hasgoneabroadtostudy．先行詞是anybody，he，none，those等詞時(shí)HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman．5．關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以放在主句前，

也可以放在主句后，

有時(shí)還可插入主句中。意為“正如……”，常見(jiàn)的搭配有：aswecansee，asweallknow，asisknowntoall，asisreported，asisannounced，asismentioned，asisexpected，asisoftenthecase等Aswecansee，thereisaconnectionbetweenthewordsandtheideasofaculture．Asisknowntoall，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina．語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意為“這一點(diǎn)”或“這件事”等Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain，whichmadehisteacherveryangry．類(lèi)別句法功能例句介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)狀語(yǔ)Heisthepersononwhomyoucandepend．介詞＋whose＋名詞狀語(yǔ)Hewasthemanfromwhoseroomthethiefhadstolenhisbag．名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)主語(yǔ)Therearemanymagazinesinthereadingroom，someofwhicharedesignedforchildren．6．介詞＋關(guān)系代詞7．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定Inthedarkstreet，therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp．(turntosb．forhelp)Physicsisthesubjectinwhicheverystudentinourschoolisinterested．(beinterestedin)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry．(duringthattime)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan'tliveiscalledoxygen．考點(diǎn)二

關(guān)系副詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞例句表示時(shí)間的名詞：time，day，year等when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)＝at/in/on/duringwhichWewillalwaysrememberthemomentwhenourclassmateLiChongcrossedthefinishline．先行詞關(guān)系副詞例句表示場(chǎng)所的名詞：park，place，country，house等where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)＝in/at/to/onwhichAttheChineseartfestival，therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors．表示理由的名詞：thereasonwhy在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)＝forwhichIdon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate．考點(diǎn)三

定語(yǔ)從句與其他句式1．定語(yǔ)從句與并列句語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句定語(yǔ)從句一般不用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，除非是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)分句之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)Ihavethreebooks，andtwoofthemareabouthistory．Ihavethreebooks，twoofwhichareabouthistory．2．定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，Itis/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起連接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整ItwasonthemorningofMay1stthatImetLiangWeiattheairport．但是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞既起連接作用還在從句中充當(dāng)成分，去掉以后結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整了ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryuseful．3．定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法規(guī)則例句定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical．(that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，that代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，可省略)同位語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)乔懊婷~的具體內(nèi)容，與前面名詞之間是同位關(guān)系Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning．(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)達(dá)標(biāo)演練1．Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld，webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隱喻)____arefamiliartous．2．Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuilding______it'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad．3．KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics_________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange．Ⅰ．單句語(yǔ)法填空thatwherewho/that4．Onthe1，100-kilometerjourney，themanCaoShengkang，____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident，crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces．5．TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea．6．Whenyousleep，yourbrainsortsthrougheverything____happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories．whothatthat7．Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth．8．Dr．Rowan，______secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping．9．The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759．10．Theirchildisatthestage______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences．wherewhosewhich/thatwhereⅡ．語(yǔ)法鏈接寫(xiě)作1．我一手拿著獎(jiǎng)杯，一手拿著獎(jiǎng)狀，望著老師，老師對(duì)我豎起了大拇指，他的眼里閃爍著喜悅和自豪。Withatrophyinonehandandanawardingpaperintheotherhand，Ilookedatmyteacher，____________________________________________________________________．whogavemeathumbs-up，withhiseyestwinklingwithpleasureandpride2．首先，我建議組織一次環(huán)城徒步旅行，探索北京的綠色空間，這將使參與者體驗(yàn)到這座城市的公園的美麗。Tobeginwith，IsuggestorganizingawalkingtouraroundthecitytoexplorethegreenspacesinBeijing，___________________________________________________________________．whichwillallowparticipantstoexperiencethebeautyofthecity'sparks3．6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人們保護(hù)海洋的意識(shí)。WorldOceansDay___________________________isaimedatraisingpeople'sawarenessofoceanconservation．4．首先，我們會(huì)帶你們參觀我們的學(xué)校，然后在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患也宛^吃飯，在那里你們可以嘗嘗地道的中國(guó)菜。First，you'llbeshownaroundourschoolandhavelunchatalocalrestaurant，_____________________________________________．which/thatfallsonJune8thwhereyoucanhaveatasteofauthenticChinesefood5．對(duì)于學(xué)生們來(lái)說(shuō)，使他們學(xué)習(xí)受益最大的就是讀英語(yǔ)書(shū)，他們可以從中學(xué)習(xí)在課堂上學(xué)不到的東西。Forstudents，whatismostbeneficialtotheirstudyisreadingEnglishbooks，_____________________________________________．fromwhichtheycanlearnwhattheycan'tinclassⅢ．語(yǔ)法填空Therewasatime1．_____IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish．Andthiswasthereason2．____myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytrainingcourseinanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool．WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3．______Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch．SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome．Fortunately，myguide，4．______teacherwasafamouseducator，communicatedwithmefacetoface．He，from5．______I