高中英語基礎語法復習課件構詞法.ppt

1、高考基礎語法復習,構詞法在英語中,詞的構成法主要有三種:合成、轉化、派生,一、合成,由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞，有的用連詞符號“-”連接，有的直接連寫在一起，還有的由分開的兩個詞構成。1.合成名詞名詞+名詞cowboynewspaper名詞+inghandwritingsunbathinging+名詞waiting-roomsleeping-pill形容詞+名詞blackboardshorthand,2.合成動詞:副詞+動詞overthrowuphold形容詞+動詞blacklistwhitewash名詞+動詞sleepwalksunburn3.合成形容詞:名詞+形容詞snow-whiteli

2、felong名詞+過去分詞man-madehandmade數(shù)詞+名詞one-waysecond-hand.,一、合成,二、轉化:,動詞名詞:taste(v.)taste(n.)Ittastesgood.Ithasagoodtaste.(2)名詞動詞:hand(n.)hand(v.)Letsgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.(3)形容詞動詞:clean(adj.)clean(v.)Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.,由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性.,三、派生：,1

3、.表示否定意義的前綴,dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsenseun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的),由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構成另外一個詞。,2.表示空間位置，方向關系的前綴,1)a-表示“在之上”，“向”aboard,aside,2)by-表示“附近，鄰近，邊側”by

4、path,bypass(彎路)3)inter-,intel-,表示“在間，相互”international,interaction,internetmid-,表示“中，中間”midnight,mid-autumn,5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead,overboard7)extra-,表示“額外”extraction（提取）8)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground9)in-,im-,表示“向內，在內，背于”inland,invade,in

5、side,import,2.表示空間位置，方向關系的前綴,under-,表示“在.下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater11)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡),1re-“又,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry2.co“聯(lián)合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker3.super“在上；加之”superman,supermarket,3.表示其他意義的前綴:,Practice(I):,從右欄中找出適當?shù)脑~與左欄搭配構成合成詞.,booklooker

6、snewfarfirsttroubletenbabyoverempty,reachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfree,Practice(II):,rain(形容詞)_agree(反義)_nation(形容詞)_farm(人)_recent(副詞)_friend(形容詞)_hope(形容詞)_back(形容詞)_visit(名詞)_home(形容詞)_eight(序數(shù)詞)_true(名詞)_America(形容詞)_China(形容詞)_,按括號內的要求改寫下列單詞,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,ei

7、ghth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,Practice(III):,Fillintheblankswithproperwords.,Withthe(1)_(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)_moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_thefollowi

8、ngreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)_poisonousgases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Another(6)_(fact)isthesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoes(7)_totheirhealth(8)_alsotoothers.Besidesthese,about10%ofair(9)_iscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight(10)_pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtoreplacegas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizestheimportanceofenvironmentanddo