2015在職聯(lián)考英語重點(diǎn)語法 考研英語(二)寫作解析

1、2015在職碩士聯(lián)考英語 重點(diǎn)語法考點(diǎn),李紋 編,題型分析,1. 名詞、代詞的數(shù)和格的構(gòu)成及其用法； Nice words may win friends, but only ones good personality can hold _ . A. it B. those C. that D. them 2. 動(dòng)詞的基本時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其用法； Reporters rushed to the airport after the CNN reported that nine passengers _ by a terrorist on the plane. A. were holding B

2、. held C. had held D. were being held,3. 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及其用法； The museums new building will have _ the exhibition space as before. A. three times B. three times like C. three times as D. three times larger By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _ today. A. as

3、much as B. as that of C. as many as D. as those of,4. 非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）的構(gòu)成及其用法； The matter _ , we decided to proceed to the next program on the agenda. A. was settled B. settled C. had been settled D. had settled 5. 虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成及其用法； As a result of the busy work, he found less time than he _ for his hobb

4、ies. A. must have hoped B. had hoped C. should have hoped D. has hoped,6. 各類從句的構(gòu)成及其用法； About fifty million Americans are active in _ is called fitness walking. A. that B. which C. what D. something The journalist feels he has a responsibility to ensure _ the customers are not misled. A. whether B. s

5、o that C. as if D. that,7. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法； It was _ the chief engineer came _ we began the experiment. A. not until; that B. not until; then C. until; that D. until; when 8. 常用倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法。 Scarcely _ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. A. had he uttered B. d

6、id he utter C. he had uttered D. he did utter,考點(diǎn)一 非謂語動(dòng)詞,概念：在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有謂語外其他語法功能 的動(dòng)詞。 種類：動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）表示將來的動(dòng)作； 動(dòng)名詞（doing）相當(dāng)于名詞； 現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行； 過去分詞（done）表示被動(dòng)和完成。 注意：做題時(shí)看句中有幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，如已有謂語動(dòng)詞且句中無連 接詞，則需使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，并選擇其正確形式。另需 記憶教材中的固定搭配，并做習(xí)題加以鞏固。,考點(diǎn)二 復(fù)合句,概念：復(fù)合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或 連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。其中連詞既起連

7、接主句 和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，又在從句中充 當(dāng)一定的成分，有一定的意義。 注意：復(fù)合句中連接詞的選擇是考查的焦點(diǎn)，也就是說需通過 分析主句和從句之間的關(guān)系來確定其屬于哪種從句（定 語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句三類），然后再根據(jù)各 從句連接詞的特點(diǎn)做出正確選擇。參考教材基礎(chǔ)語法課 件里的各從句綜合分析。,考點(diǎn)三 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),注意：做題時(shí)參考教材和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)畫課件。,時(shí)態(tài)題技巧： 1、如果題中有by the end of this year/month/week, by.next year.之類的詞，就選will have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。 2、如果題中有by the end of

8、last year/month/week, by.last year.之類的詞，就選had done 結(jié)構(gòu)。 3、如果句子中有now,at the moment,首選be doing結(jié)構(gòu)， 次選一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)或完成時(shí)。,考點(diǎn)四 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),He beats a girl. 全部倒裝：Beats he a girl. 部分倒裝：Does he beat a girl. 參考教材弄清楚何時(shí)該全部倒裝，何時(shí)該部分倒裝。,考點(diǎn)五 虛擬語氣,概念：用來表示非真實(shí)的情景，不可能發(fā)生的事，即某種與事 實(shí)相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，或說話人主觀愿望。 1. 虛擬語氣在if條件句的使用： 1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If .di

9、d(were)., .should/would/might/could do 2）與過去事實(shí)相反： If .had done., .should/would/might/could have done. 3）與將來事實(shí)相反： If .did/should do/were to do., .should/././could do 注：如條件句中含有were,had或should，可將if省略，然后將 were,had或should移至主語之前。 如：Should there be a flood, what should we do? = If there should be a flood,

10、what should we do?,2. wish 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：sb. wish.did. 與過去事實(shí)相反：sb. wish.had done. 與將來事實(shí)相反：sb. wish.would/should do 3. 表命令、意愿、建議的動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，以及這些動(dòng)詞各種詞性的派生詞引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也需要用虛擬語氣。 sb. insist/suggest that . (should) do . 但insist表“堅(jiān)持要求”，suggest表“暗示”時(shí)，從句不再用虛擬語氣。,4. 某些表吃驚、正常、重要等形容詞引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞需用“should do”,should可省略。如：

11、surprising, natural, normal, usual, unusual, essential, important, necessary。如： It is natural that everyone (should) hope to realize his own dream. = It is natural for everyone to hope to . 5. 下列連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)要用虛擬形式，其形式同if 條件句，even if/even though, as if/as though, lest, for fear that, in case,

12、supposing, otherwise。 如： He is sitting there silently, as if he were dumb.,6. 下列介/副詞常用來引導(dǎo)讓步假設(shè)或轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)，其主句要用虛擬語氣，形式同if條件句中的主句, but for, without /with,but, given。如： Fish would not live without water. I would not have finished the task on time without your help. 7. 下列固定句型中需要使用虛擬語氣 Its (high, about) time t

13、hat . did. would rather that . did. if only . did. 如：Its high time that he stopped smoking. If only he knew our telephone number!,考點(diǎn)六 其他,1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) 1）It is(was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句中其他成分。 該強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞和表語。 2）特殊疑問詞+is(was) + it + that + 句子 ? 該結(jié)構(gòu)也起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，表“究竟在哪里”、“到底是 誰”等，如: Where was it (that) you saw th

14、e man ? 3）謂語動(dòng)詞前用dodoesdid表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，在肯定句中可以 用do強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語部分，可譯為“務(wù)必”、“一定”、“ 真的”、“ 確實(shí)”等，后面加動(dòng)詞原形。如： He does like to eat noodles. He does be a teacher.,2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) （即with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）在句子中作狀語，可表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨、方式等。其中賓語可以是名詞或是代詞，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、副詞。 1) He was asleep with his head on his arms. 2) All the a

15、fternoon he worked with the door locked. 3) He lay in bed with his head covered. 4) With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. 5) I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. 6) With John away, weve got more room. 7) Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.,3. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 1）A + be

16、+ 倍數(shù) + as + 計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí) + as + B Asia is four times as large as Europe. 2）A + be + 倍數(shù) + 計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 3）A + be + 倍數(shù) + the + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + B This street is four times the length of that one. 4）The + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + A + be + 倍數(shù) + that + of + B In this wor

17、kshop, the output of July was 4.5 times that of January.,5）其他 Im twice/double his age. 我的年齡是他的兩倍。 Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我以5倍于往常的價(jià)格買了這枚郵票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. 與去年相比，該單位職工的收入增加了50%。 The price of TVs are

18、twofold down over these years. 近幾年來，電視機(jī)的價(jià)格減少了兩倍。,4. 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 1）原級(jí)比較：as.as; not as.as; the same.as 2）比較級(jí)：A + 比較級(jí) + than + B 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：the more.the more (越.越.) more and more 越來越 3）以拉丁文-ior結(jié)尾的含有比較意義的形容詞后接to而不 是than，即superior, inferior, senior, junior, major, minor, anterior, prior, posterior，如be superior to。 4）

19、the + 最高級(jí) + in . (表示地方) the + 最高級(jí) +of . (表示所屬關(guān)系和人物比較) 5）在more.than結(jié)構(gòu)中，than有時(shí)可看作關(guān)系代詞，相 當(dāng)于than what . 。,6）慣用句式及其含義： more than 不僅是，非常，十分 Modern science is more than a large amount of information. Dont bite off more than you can chew. more.than. 與其說.不如說，不是.而是. This book seems to be more a manual than a text. no more than 只有，不過，僅僅（強(qiáng)調(diào)少） I can no more do that than anyone else. not more than 不超過 The girl was not more than 5 when she lost her mum. no more.than A與B都不.，不.也不(消極否定) Dr Hu is no more