英語人教版八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞構(gòu)成講解.ppt

1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?,石頭初級中學,章燕,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時,下一頁,主菜單,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have (has）+ 過去分詞,現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：,肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去

2、分詞? 否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞.,規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則,1.一般情況下，在動詞后加-edworkworkedlistenlistenedjumpjumped2.在以- e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加-dcloseclosed likelikedagreeagreed3.在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried trytried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-edstopstopped dropdropped,move live love like,寫出下列規(guī)則動詞的過去式

3、和過去分詞:,visit repair watch finish,verbed,以e結(jié)尾d,visited visited,repaired repaired,watched watched,finished finished,moved moved,lived lived,loved loved,liked liked,寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:,stop mop shop plan,注:以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母ed,雙寫ed,study hurry,變y為ied,注:以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為ied.,stopped stopped,mopped m

4、opped,shopped shopped,planned planned,studied studied,hurried hurried,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞 1)AAA型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形）cost（花費）cost cost cut（割） cut cut Hit（打） hit hit hurt （傷害） hurt hurt put（放） put put read （讀） read read(2) AAB型（動詞原形與過去式同形） beat（跳動） beat beaten(3) ABA型（動詞原形與過去分詞同形）become（變成） became become come（來）

5、came comerun（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）dig（挖 dug dughang（懸掛） hung hunghold（抓?。?held held shine（照耀） shone shone,(5)ABC型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞均不同形）begin(開始） began begun rise（上升） rose risen,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? -I have

6、 finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時的運用(1): 1在表示“用法1”時，現(xiàn)在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調(diào)或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。,He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 Has he alr

7、eady left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”,We have never been

8、 to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？,c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。,上一頁,下一頁,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學了10多年的英語。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)

9、到現(xiàn)在還在學) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 (半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也許還會持續(xù)下去。常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段時間,2. since +,從句(一般過去時),單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時間的)時間點,Eg. I hav

10、e been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以來) 1)since+時間點 Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 時間段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 從句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長達） for+ 時間段 He has kept the book for 2

11、 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注1): since 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強語氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has sto

12、od here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (watch) the football game . I _ (watch) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (move) the big chairs to the living room .He is tired now. 4. I _

13、 (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 5. I _ just _ (finish) my homew 6._ you _ (plan) where to go yet?,二、用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 _ 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. Ive known

14、 him _ we were children. 13. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,三.對劃線部分提問 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?

15、3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to

16、)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, bo

17、rrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一頁,下一頁,為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。,主菜單,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。

18、如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單, 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has b

19、een dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hom

20、etown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to

21、 Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,與一般過去時的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,四)It is +一段時間 +since+句子(一般過去時) =一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時),Eg. It i

22、s five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁, 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢

23、字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三常與一般過去時

24、連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時練習,主菜單,動 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an h

25、our ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) th

26、ere? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a lo

27、ng time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have gone

28、to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is loo

29、king for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou

30、 on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told

31、D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was