Diencephalon.ppt

1、Diencephalon 間 腦,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)nervous system,Position,Position: Lies between midbrian and cerebrum, almost entirely surrounded by cerebral hemisphere,Subdivision,Dorsal thalamus 背側(cè)丘腦 Metathalamus 后丘腦 Epithalamus 上丘腦 Subthalamus 底丘腦 Hypothalamus 下丘腦,Dorsal thalamus 背側(cè)丘腦,External features A large egg-shaped nu

2、cleus mass, Anterior end called anterior thalamic tubercle (丘腦前結(jié)節(jié)) Posterior end called pulvinar(丘腦枕) Right and left portion of thalamus are joined by interthalamic adhesion (丘腦間粘合) Floorhypothalamic sulcus(下丘腦溝),Classification of nuclei of dorsal thalamus,Three nuclear groupdivided by internal medu

3、llary lamina （內(nèi)髓板） Anterior nuclear group 前核群 Medial nuclear group 內(nèi)側(cè)核群 Lateral nuclear group 外側(cè)核群,Med. nuclear group,Ant. nuclear group,Dorsal tier,internal medullary lamina,Ventral anterior nucleus,Ventral intermediate nucleus,Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL),Ventral posteromedial nucleus(VPM

4、),Pulvinar,Medial geniculate body (MGN),Lateral geniculate body (LGN),Ventral posterior nucleus (VP),Functional subdivision,Nonspecific relay nuclei非特異性投射核團(tuán)（古丘腦）receive afferents from rhinencephalon and reticular formation of brain stem, project mainly to hypothalamus and corpus striatum Midline nuc

5、leus group中線核(第3腦室側(cè)壁內(nèi)) Intralaminar nuclear group板內(nèi)核 Thalamic reticular nucleus網(wǎng)狀核(丘腦與內(nèi)囊間) Association nuclei 聯(lián)絡(luò)核團(tuán)（新丘腦）receive extensive afferents and in turn project widely to the association areas of cerebral cortex Anterior nuclear group前核群 Medial nuclear group內(nèi)側(cè)核群 Dorsal tier of lateral nuclear

6、group外側(cè)核群背層,與下丘腦、邊緣系統(tǒng)有往返纖維聯(lián)系，在功能上進(jìn)入高級活動領(lǐng)域，具有情感意識的辨別能力，還參與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶。,Special relay nuclei 特異性中繼核團(tuán)（舊丘腦） Vent. anterior nucleus (VA) 腹前核 Vent. intermediate nucleus (VI) 腹中間核 Receiving dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra to motor cortex Vent. posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 腹后內(nèi)側(cè)核 receives trig

7、eminal lemniscus and teste fibers Vent. posterolateral nucleus (VPL) 腹后外側(cè)核 receives medial lemniscus and spinal lemniscus Projects to first somatic sensory area via central thalamic radiation,背側(cè)丘腦功能 皮質(zhì)下感覺的最后中繼站 感知粗略的痛覺 調(diào)節(jié)軀體運(yùn)動,Metathalamus 后丘腦,Lateral geniculate body (LGN),Medial geniculate body (MGN

8、),Metathalamus 后丘腦,Medial geniculate body (MGN) 內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體 Relay station of audition Receive fibers from inferior colliculus Projects to auditory area via acoustic radiation 聽輻射 Lateral geniculate body (LGN)外側(cè)膝狀體 Relay station of vision Receive fibers from optic tract Projects to visual area via optic ra

9、diation 視輻射,下丘 下丘臂 內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體聽輻射投射至顳葉的聽覺中樞 上丘 上丘臂 外側(cè)膝狀體視輻射投射至枕葉的視覺中樞,Epithalamus 上丘腦,Includes Thalamic medullary stria 丘腦髓紋 Habenular trigone 韁三角韁核 Habenular commissure 韁連合 Pineal body 松果體內(nèi)分泌腺 posterior commissure 后連合,Subthalamus底丘腦,Transition zone between diencephalons and tegmentum of midbrain Contain

10、subthalamic nucleus(底丘腦核), parts of red nucleus and substantia nigra,屬錐體外系,Hypothalamus 下丘腦,Positionlies ventral to thalamus Boundaries Superiorly: hypothalamic sulcus Inferiorly: optic chiasma 視交叉 tuber cinereum 灰結(jié)節(jié) Infundibulum 漏斗 Hypophysis 腦垂體 mammillary body 乳頭體 Anterior: lamina terminalis 終板 P

11、osterior: continues with midbrain tegmentum,Subdivisions Preoptic region 視前區(qū) Supraoptic region 視上區(qū) Tuberal region 結(jié)節(jié)區(qū) Mammillary region 乳頭體區(qū),Important nuclei Supraoptic region 視上區(qū) Supraoptic nucleus 視上核produce antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素(ADH， vasopressin 加壓素) Paraventricular nucleus 室旁核produce oxytoc

12、in 催產(chǎn)素 Tuberal region 結(jié)節(jié)區(qū) Infundibular nucleus 漏斗核(弓狀核) Ventromedial nucleus 腹內(nèi)側(cè)核 Dorsomedial nucleus 背內(nèi)側(cè)核 Mammillary region 乳頭體區(qū) Mamillary nucleus 乳頭體核 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus 下丘腦后核,Paraventricular nucleus,Supraoptic nucleus,Mammillary nucleus,Infundibulum nucleus,Paraventriculohypophyseal t

13、ract,Supraopticohypophyseal tract,infundibulum,posterior lobe of hypophysis,anterior lobe of hypophsis,tuberoinfundibular tract,Hypothalamus -connection,Connects with limbic system Connects with brainstem and spinal cord Connects with dorsal thalamus Connects with hypophysis,下丘腦的纖維聯(lián)系,傳入纖維 前腦內(nèi)側(cè)束 穹隆 傳

14、出纖維 乳頭丘腦束和乳頭被蓋束 穹隆-乳頭體核-乳頭丘腦束-背側(cè)丘腦前核(控制內(nèi)臟活動) 下丘腦腦干、脊髓纖維 背側(cè)縱束 下丘腦垂體束 視上垂體束 室旁垂體束 結(jié)節(jié)垂體束,Hypothalamus -connection,Supraoptic nucleus produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH) supraopticohypophyseal tract posterior lobe of hypophysis Paraventricular nucleus oxytocin paraventriculohypophyseal tract posterior lo

15、be of hypophysis,Paraventricular nucleus,Paraventriculohypophyseal tract,Supraoptic nucleus,Supraopticohypophyseal trac,posterior lobe of hypophysis,Inferior hypophyseal a.,Hypophyseal v.,Tuberoinfundibular tract,Median eminence,Portal v.,Superior hypophyseal a.,Hypophyseal v.,anterior lobe,Parvicel

16、lular neurons in the arcuate nucleus and nearby region of the walls of the third ventricle secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones tuberoinfundibular tract portal vein of hypophsis anterior lobe of hypophsis,Function,1、神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌中心。 2、內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的皮質(zhì)下中樞。 如：體溫調(diào)節(jié)、攝食、生殖、水鹽代謝等。 3、與邊緣系統(tǒng)密切聯(lián)系，參與情緒行為的調(diào)節(jié)。 4、調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體晝夜節(jié)律。,Third ventricle,Position: a narrow ventricle cleft lies within diencephalons Boundaries Roof: choroids plexus Floor: optic chiasma, tuber cinereum, infundibulum and mamillary body A