新編英語教程5unit6教學(xué)課件.ppt

1、Unit SixTEXT I Preparing for College,I. Library Work 1. Homer (8th century B.C.), the Greek epic poet to whom are attributed the Iliad and the Odyssey, the greatest epic poetry of all time. The Iliad, the tale of the siege of Troy (an ancient city in Asia Minor), is an epic poem in twenty-four books

2、. The Odyssey is an epic poem which records the adventures of Odysseus or Ulysses, a Greek leader in the,I. Library Work,Trojan War, a legendary war waged anywhere from the 11th to the 14th century B.C. It is also in twenty-four books. 2. Dante Alighieri (1265 1321), Italian poet whose reputation re

3、sts chiefly on The Divine Comedy (ca. 1309 1320), an epic poem that describes his spiritual journey through Hell and Purgatory and finally to Paradise, or the way of an individual soul from sin to purification.,I. Library Work,3. Caius Julius Caesar (100 44 B.C.), Roman general and administrator who

4、 made himself master of the Roman world by defeating Pompey the Great (106 48 B.C.), the Roman general and statesman before him. Caesar ruled supreme until he was assassinated by a group of conspirators headed by Marcus Brutus and Cassius.,I. Library Work,4. Robert Owen (1771 1858), British socialis

5、t reformer and founder of cooperative communities. He strove against social disorders brought about by the Industrial Revolution and urged Parliament to enact laws that would alleviate the bad working conditions in British factories. He assisted the trade,I. Library Work,union movement. He discourag

6、ed the hiring of children. He established a cooperative society for the purchase and sale of commodities, and organized cooperative communities to create a better environment. William Owen is said to be a “red”, or a socialist, because he is a descendant of Robert Owen.,I. Library Work,5. Tories are

7、 members or supporters of the Conservative Party in Great Britain. The term Tory was first used to name a member of a political party in Great Britain from the late 17th century to about 1832 that favored the authority of the king over Parliament and the preservation of the existing social and polit

8、ical order. It was succeeded by the Conservative Party in 1832.,I. Library Work,6. Liberals are people of liberal principles or views, or members of the Liberal Party in Great Britain. Liberals favor progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.,I. Library Work,7. A Roman Catholic is a m

9、ember of the Roman Catholic Church, the part of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Pope as its head. Catholicism differs from Protestantism in the importance it grants to tradition, ritual, and the authority of the Pope.,I. Library Work,8. A Protestant is a member of the Protestant Church,

10、which is any of the Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestants reject the authority of the Pope or papacy (教皇統(tǒng)治). They find authority in the text of the Bible.,II. Organization of the Text,1. He failed in a number of examinations required for entering the Un

11、iversity of California and the cause of it. (Paragraphs 1 - 4) 2. His private tutor, Mr. Nixon, exerted great influence on him; he encouraged his pupil to think and discover all by himself. (Paragraphs 5 -12),II. Organization of the Text,3. He found the best preparations for college in the stimulati

12、ng Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men. (Paragraphs 13 - 15),III. Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1 to be put off for a year: to be delayed for a year put sth. off: delay doing sth. E.g.: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日畢。 I was not of them:

13、 I was not like them; I was not of their kind.,Paragraph 2,so far as I could make out: so far as I could understand make out: understand, see, or hear E.g.: That problem is just beyond me; I cant make it out. He muttered a complaint that nobody could make out.,Paragraph 2,they looked dazed or indiff

14、erent: they looked confused / bewildered or uninterested / unconcerned Daze is often used in the passive. To be dazed is to be made unable to think or feel clearly. E.g.: His answer to the question left us all dazed.,Paragraph 2,indifferent: not interested in, not caring about E.g.: We should not be

15、 indifferent to the low achievers in school. foreign to me: unfamiliar and strange to me; unknown to me; not within my experience. This is the formal use of the word foreign.,Paragraph 2,E.g.: His concept of education is entirely foreign to us. From Steffenss description of “the elect” in Paragraph

16、2, what has been revealed about himself?,Paragraph 2,- He must be very different from those boys. To him study did not mean performing all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning. He must be unhappy to be told to memorize what he was supposed to learn without a thorough unde

17、rstanding.,Paragraph 2,He was motivated by a strong quest for knowledge, not by the desire to distinguish himself in terms of marks.,Paragraph 2,What kind of school had his father chosen? Why was it wrong for him? - It was the type of school where students were expected to “do their duty”, that is,

18、to perform all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning;,Paragraph 2,teachers usually asked their students to memorize things without a thorough understanding; students were motivated by the desire to distinguish themselves in terms of marks, “ to beat the other fellows, stan

19、d high, ”,Paragraph 3,bear on: be relevant to; have some connection with; relate to E.g.: Did what he said bear on your problem? for keeps: This phrase is used informally, meaning “forever, permanently, for good”,Paragraph 3,E.g.: “Can I have one of those cute mementos（漂亮的紀(jì)念品）” “Sure. This one is yo

20、urs, for keeps.”,Paragraph 4,appeal to: attract, interest E.g.: His plan of spending our winter vacation in an orphanage to coach the children there in English appealed to all of us. Appeal has different meanings in different contexts.,Paragraph 4,E.g.: The Municipal Government appealed to (requeste

21、d) the residents to save water last summer. The defendant defied the verdict (the official decision made by a jury in a court of law) and appealed to (上訴) the higher court. 被告對法庭的裁決不服，向高一級法院提起上訴。,Paragraph 4,the rudiments: the basics, the fundamentals (The word rudiments is always in the plural form

22、 when used in this sense.) 基礎(chǔ)；基本原理；初級階段，入門,Paragraph 4,E.g.: the rudiments of grammar 語法入門 the rudiments of physics 物理學(xué)基本原理 the rudiments of a plan 計劃的雛形 the rudiments of civilization 文明的萌芽,Paragraph 4,When I knocked at the college gates, I was prepared for a college education in some branches; my m

23、ind was hungry enough for the answers to some profound questions to have made me work and develop myself, especially on,Paragraph 4,lines which I know now had no ready answers, only more and ever more questions: When I got ready to enter college, I was expecting a college education in some definite

24、fields. I was very eager to know the answers to some questions difficult to understand, and,Paragraph 4,that has made me work and improve myself; especially in areas of study where there were no prompt answers, but there were endless questions.,Paragraph 4,metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that

25、deals with abstract concepts, etc. 形而上學(xué)；玄學(xué) I was not in the least curious about Greek : I wasnt eager to learn Greek at all,Paragraph 4,not in the least: not at all E.g.: Lots of people love to read science fiction, but Im not in the least interested. The text begins with his failure to get into uni

26、versity. What caused his failure? (Infer mainly from Paragraphs 3 and 4.),Paragraph 4,- He was not interested in those subjects which seemed to him irrelevant to his life, and the teachers failed to interest him in those subjects. As a result, he did not do well in them. This partly accounted for hi

27、s failure.,Paragraph 5,to be crammed for Berkeley: to be stuffed with as much book knowledge as possible for me to pass the entrance examination of the University of California at Berkeley cram: learn as much as possible in a short time just before the examination,Paragraph 5,E.g.: Learning is a lon

28、g-range process. Cramming for an examination in the last minute does one no good. retain: (law) to employ (a lawyer) to act for one, by paying in advance 付定金聘定（律師等）；付定金保留 E.g.: retain sb. as ones legal counsel 聘定某人為法律顧問,Paragraph 5,retain ones rooms for the holidays 付定金以在外出度假時保留房間 a retaining fee 律師

29、費 all the poets of all the ages: all the poets of all periods in history Compare: of all the ages 不同的歷史時代 of all ages 不同的年齡,Paragraph 5,ecstasy: (a state of) very strong feeling, especially of joy and happiness 狂喜，入迷： in ecstasies 欣喜若狂；處于狂熱狀態(tài) E.g.: in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂 in an ecstasy of grie

30、f 悲痛欲絕 go into ecstasy when meditating 沉思冥想出了神,Paragraph 6,What is the antecedent of the pronoun “it” in the first sentence of Paragraph 6? Apart from referring to its antecedent, what cohesive function does it perform? - “It” refers to the change that had come over him. “It” links the paragraph wit

31、h the preceding one.,Paragraph 6,conscious culture: the cultures (i.e., customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular people or social group or nation) that is directly perceptible or known to us fanatic: one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activity,Paragraph 6,rom

32、ance and language sang songs to me: I enjoyed romance and language so much that they were like songs sung to me.,Paragraph 6,inspire: encourage in somebody the desire and ability to take effective action by filling with eagerness, confidence, etc. E.g.: The Party secretarys words inspired us to work

33、 still harder / to greater efforts.,Paragraph 6,When he read or recited Greek verse the Greeks came to life; romance and language sang songs to me, and I was inspired to be like him, not a hero nor even a poet, but a Greek scholar, and thus an instrument on which beautiful words might play.,Paragrap

34、h 6,When he read or recited Greek poetry, it seemed that what was described in the verse became alive; both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautiful,Paragraph 6,music, and I, just like him, was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry, but only a

35、 student of Greek culture and poetry, in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.,Paragraph 6,It was too great and too various for me to personify with my boyish imitations and heroism. Life was so good and so different in kind that I was not able to express what it was like with m

36、y youthful mind and boldness,Paragraph 6,personify: express or represent (a quality in human form); be a (perfect) example of 象征，體現(xiàn)，成 典型,Paragraph 8,sedentary: inactive; done while sitting down 需久坐的，貫坐的,Paragraph 11,underline: indicate the importance of，emphasize when I looked balked: when I looked

37、thwarted（畏縮；退縮）/ frustrated（灰心喪氣） balk: stop or intentionally get in the way of 畏縮；突然停止；回避 balked: (here) baffled; frustrated,Paragraph 11,E.g.: She could hardly remember now what happened to her right after the notification of her sons missing in action. Nightmare rides of balking misery which clat

38、tered over wide fields and hills of the rubbled dying.,Paragraph 11,她現(xiàn)在幾乎無法記起一收到兒子在戰(zhàn)斗中下落不明的通知之后她自己怎么樣了。噩夢中，痛苦使馬畏縮不前，她騎在馬上噠噠地走遍廣闊的躺滿在碎磚爛瓦中正在死去的人的田野和山丘。,Paragraph 12,“Go to, boy. The world is yours. Nothing is done, nothing is known. The greatest poem isnt written, the best railroad isnt built yet, th

39、e perfect state hasnt been thought of. Everything remains to be done - right, everything.” “Come on, boy. The world belongs to you - you are expected to do creative,Paragraph 12,thinking and to act creatively for the world. There is still a lot to be accomplished, and a lot to be found out. No poem

40、written can be called the greatest and no railroad built can be the best. The perfect state has yet to be conceived. Everything has yet to be done.”,Paragraph 13,a maddening lot: a wild, uncontrollable group righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered

41、 different from those of a larger group 正義的派別,Paragraph 13,righteous: (of a person or his behavior) (doing what is) morally good and just 正直的，正當(dāng)?shù)?clinch: (in the sport of boxing) the position of the two fighters when holding each other too tightly, with the arms（拳擊等的）鉗住對手,Paragraph 13,E.g.: get into

42、 a clinch 扭成一團 with a sureness which withstood reference to the books: with such a certainty that they did not have to refer to the source of the quotation (他們在引用權(quán)威人士所述時是)如此地肯定，他們不必提及引文的出處。,Paragraph 13,withstand: hold out against, stand up to, not be changed by E.g.: Buildings in this area should b

43、e able to withstand earthquakes（頂?shù)米〉卣穑? Great works of art / literary works can always withstand the test of time（經(jīng)得起時間的考驗）,Paragraph 13,papal bull: an official document issued by the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. papal: of the Pope or of the papacy 羅馬教皇的 bull: a solemn official lette

44、r from the Pope 教皇訓(xùn)令,Paragraph 13,verbatim: word for word; in exactly the same words E.g.: copy it verbatim 逐字地抄錄 report a speech verbatim 逐字地報道一篇演說 a verbatim reprint 毫無改動的再版,Paragraph 13,How does the man Evelyn Nixon impress you？ Support your answer with information from the text. (For supporting

45、information, refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13.),Paragraph 13,- A well-informed Oxford scholar, a god teacher, who knew how to interest his student in what he had to learn, a creative and original man, who was not satisfied with what was known, but was more interested in the exploration and discovery of t

46、he unknown.,Paragraph 13,The teacher has turned out to have formed a change over me. How has he achieved this? (For supporting information, refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13) - He encouraged me to explore into the unknown world; he knows how to interest his student in what he has to learn;,Paragraph 13,he

47、 encouraged me to listen to the stimulating Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men.,Paragraph 13,Despite their similar background, the Englishmen who met at the Saturday night gatherings had “no common opinion on anything apparently” (Paragraph 13). By which sentence i

48、n the same paragraph is this fact restated? Why does the author seem to emphasize this point?,Paragraph 13,- “They could not among them agree on anything but a fact.” To emphasize the originality of these searching minds and the infinite nature of the pursuit of knowledge.,Paragraph 14,It was conver

49、sation I was hearing, the free, passionate, witty exchanges of studied minds as polished as fine tools. They were always courteous; no two ever spoke together; there were no asides; they all talked to the question before the house, and while they were on the job of exposition anyone, regardless of h

50、is side,Paragraph 14,would contribute his quota of facts, or his remembrance of some philosophers opinion or some poets perfect phrase for the elucidation or the beautification of the theme. What I was hearing was the unrestrained, earnest, and sparkling interchanges of great intellect as sharp as f

51、irst-rate tools.,Paragraph 14,They were always polite, speaking one at a time; no one spoke to anyone in secret and no one digressed; they all spoke when there was an issue everyone was interested in; and while they were explaining something, anyone, no matter whether he was for or against the issue

52、, would tell others what he knew about a,Paragraph 14,philosophers opinion or a poets phrase in order to clarify or to beautify the theme. studied minds as polished as fine tools: great intellectual faculties, great mental capacities as flawless as first-class tools polish: make or become smooth and

53、 shiny by continual rubbing 磨光，擦亮,Paragraph 14,aside: words spoken by an actor to those watching the play, and not intended to be heard by the other characters; digression 旁白；離題的話 quota: a stated number of amount, or a limit on numbers 配額；限額；定額；定量 E.g.: fulfill a quota 完成定額,Paragraph 14,fill (meet)

54、a quota 達(dá)到定額（或限額） have quotas on products like paper or specialty steel 對紙、特種鋼之類的產(chǎn)品規(guī)定限額 over-fulfill the quota 超額完成 the quota system 定額分配制,Paragraph 14,elucidation: the act of explaining or making clear (a difficulty or mystery) 闡明，解釋 relish: great enjoyment, especially of food, pleasure and satisfa

55、ction 樂趣，享樂 E.g.: He ate with great relish. 他吃得津津有味。,Paragraph 14,She took relish in showing her friends her jewelry. 她以向朋友炫示自己的珠寶首飾為樂。 The boy has no relish for sports. 這男孩不喜歡體育運動。,Paragraph 14,Why does Steffens say that those wonderful Saturday nights in San Francisco were his preparations for col

56、lege? (Refer to Paragraphs 14 and 15) The conversations he heard were brilliant, scholarly, and stimulating, thus greatly broadening his scope of knowledge. And,Paragraph 14,the way in which the conversations were carried on was inspiring, too. They were much more beneficial to him than the kind of

57、school education he had received.,Paragraph 15,void: a deep empty space 空間，空虛處 E.g.: vanish into the void 消失得無影無蹤 fill the void 填補空白 feel a void in ones life 感到生活空虛 an aching void in sb.s heart 某人內(nèi)心空落落的痛苦感覺,Paragraph 15,explicit: (of a statement, rule, etc.) clear and fully expressed 清楚的，明確的 Compare

58、: implicit,Text II Letter to a B Student,I. Organization of the Text 1. Reasons for a disappointing grade B (Paragraphs 1 2) a. The norm has shifted upward (1) b. Winning has come to assume unprecedented importance in the current society (2),I. Organization of the Text,2. The purpose of writing the

59、letter: to put the recipients disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what his grade means (Paragraphs 3 - 8) a. Grade is a fuzzy symbol representing a questionable judgment of ones mastery of the subject (3 4),I. Organization of the Text,b. Grade represents no judgment of ones basic ability or character (5 8) analogy (5 6) example (7 8) 3. Correct interpretation of grade - sub specie aeternitatis (Paragraphs 9 11),II. Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1 eligibility: qualification; quality of being fit to be chosen 資格,Paragraph 2