軟件工程本科畢業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、學(xué)校代碼： 10128學(xué) 號(hào)： 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 翻譯翻譯二 一 五 年 一 月The Test Library ManagementSystem of FrameworkBasedonSSHTheapplicationsystemfeaturesinsmallormedium-sizedenterpriselieinthegreaterflexibilityandsafetyhighperformance-priceratio.TraditionalJ2EEframeworkcannotadapttotheseneeds,butthesystemapplicationbasedonS

2、SH(Struts+Spring+Hibernate)technologycanbettersatisfysuchneeds.ThispaperanalysessomeintegrationtheoryandkeytechnologiesaboutSSH,andaccordingtotheintegrationconstructsalightweightWEBframework,whichhasintegratedthethreekindsoftechnology,formingthelightweightWEBframeworkbasedonSSHandgaininggoodeffectsi

3、npracticalapplications.IntroductionGenerallytheJ2EEplatform27usedinlargeenterpriseapplications,canwellsolvetheapplicationofreliability,safetyandstability,butitsweaknessisthepricehighandtheconstructingcycleislong.Correspondingtothesmallormediumenterpriseapplications,thereplaceapproachisthesystemframe

4、workoflightweightWEB,includingthemorecommonlyusedmethodswhicharebasedontheStrutsandHibernate.WiththewideapplicationofSpring,thethreetechnologycombinationmaybeabetterchoiceasalightweightWEBframework.ItuseslayeredstructureandprovidesagoodintegratedframeworkforWebapplicationsatalllevelsinminimizingtheI

5、nterlayercouplingandincreasingtheefficiencyofdevelopment.Thisframeworkcansolvealotofproblems,withgoodmaintainabilityandscalability.Itcansolvetheseparationofuserinterfaceandbusinesslogicseparation,theseparationofbusinesslogicanddatabaseoperationandthecorrectprocedurecontrollogic,etc.Thispaperstudiest

6、hetechnologyandprincipleofStrutsandSpringandHibernate,presentingaprovedlightweightWEBapplicationframeworkforenterprise.HierarchicalWebMechanismHierarchicalWebframeworkincludingtheuserpresentationlayer,businesslogiclayer,datapersistencelayer,expansionlayeretc,eachlayerfordifferentfunction,respectivel

7、ytofinishthewholeapplication.Thewholesystemaredividedintodifferentlogicmodulewithrelativelyindependentandmutual,andeachmodulecanbeimplementedaccordingtodifferentdesign.Itcanrealizethesystemparalleldevelopment,rapidintegration,goodmaintainability,scalability.StrutsMVCFrameworkToensurethereuseandeffic

8、iencyofdevelopmentprocess,adoptingJ2EEtechnologytobuildtheWebapplicationmustselectasystemframeworkwhichhasagoodperformance.Onlyinthiswaycanweensurenotwastinglotsoftimebecauseofadjustingconfigurationandachieveapplicationdevelopmentefficientlyandquickly.So,programmersinthecourseofpracticegotsomesucces

9、sfuldevelopmentpatternwhichprovedpractical,suchasMVCandO/Rmapping,etc;manytechnologies,includingStrutsandHibernateframeworks,realizedthesepattern.However,Strutsframeworkonlysettledtheseparationproblembetweenviewlayerandbusinesslogiclayer,controllayer,didnotprovideaflexiblesupportforcomplexdatasaving

10、process.Onthecontrary,Hibernateframeworkofferedthepowerfulandflexiblesupportforcomplexdatasavingprocess.Therefore,howtointegratetwoframeworksandgetaflexible,low-couplingsolutionsprojectwhichiseasytomaintainforinformationsystem,isaresearchtaskwhichtheengineeringstaffisstudyingconstantly.Model-View-Co

11、ntroller(MVC)isapopulardesignpattern.Itdividestheinteractivesysteminthreecomponentsandeachofthemspecializesinonetask.Themodelcontainstheapplicationdataandmanagesthecorefunctionality.Thevisualdisplayofthemodelandthefeedbacktotheusersaremanagedbytheview.Thecontrollernotonlyinterpretstheinputsfromtheus

12、er,butalsodominatesthemodelandtheviewtochangeappropriately.MVCseparatesthesystemfunctionalityfromthesysteminterfacesoastoenhancethesystemscalabilityandmaintainability.StrutsisatypicalMVCframe32,anditalsocontainsthethreeaforementionedcomponents.ThemodelleveliscomposedofJavaBeanandEJBcomponents.Thecon

13、trollerisrealizedbyactionandActionServlet,andtheviewlayerconsistsofJSPfiles.Thecentralcontrollercontrolstheactionexecutionthatreceivesarequestandredirectsthisrequesttotheappropriatemodulecontroller.Subsequently,themodulecontrollerprocessestherequestandreturnsresultstothecentralcontrollerusingaJavaBe

14、anobject,whichstoresanyobjecttobepresentedintheviewlayerbyincludinganindicationtomoduleviewsthatmustbepresented.ThecentralcontrollerredirectsthereturnedJavaBeanobjecttothemainviewthatdisplaysitsinformation.SpringFrameworktechnologySpringisalightweightJ2EEapplicationdevelopmentframework,whichusesthem

15、odelofInversionofControl(IoC)toseparatetheactualapplicationfromtheConfigurationanddependentregulationsoftheapplication.CommittedtoJ2EEapplicationatalllevelsofthesolution,Springisnotattemptingtoreplacetheexistingframework,butrather“welding”theobjectofJ2EEapplicationatalllevelstogetherthroughthePOJOma

16、nagement.Inaddition,developersarefreetochooseSpringframeworkforsomeorall,sinceSpringmodulesarenottotallydependent.Asamajorbusiness-leveldetail,Springemploystheideaofdelayinjectiontoassemblecodeforthesakeofimprovingthescalabilityandflexibilityofbuiltsystems.Thus,thesystemsachieveacentralizedbusinessp

17、rocessingandreductionofcodereusethroughtheSpringAOPmodule.HibernatePersistentFrameworkHibernateisakindofopensourceframeworkwithDAOdesignpatternstoachievemapping(O/RMapping)betweenobjectandrelationaldatabase.DuringtheWebsystemdevelopment,thetraditionapproachdirectlyinteractswiththedatabasebyJDBC.Howe

18、ver,thismethodhasnotonlyheavyworkloadbut alsocomplexSQLcodesofJDBCwhichneedtorevisebecausethebusinesslogicslightlychanges.So,whateverdevelopmentormaintainsystemareinconvenient.Consideringthelargedifferencebetweentheobject-orientedrelationofjavaandthestructureofrelationaldatabase,itisnecessarytointro

19、duceadirectmappingmechanismbetweentheobjectanddatabase,whichthiskindofmappingshoulduseconfigurationfilesassoonaspossibility,sothatmappingfileswillneedmodifyingratherthanjavasourcecodeswhenthebusinesslogicchangesinthefuture.Therefore,O/Rmappingpatternemerges,whichhibernateisoneofthemostoutstandingrea

20、lizationofarchitecture.ItencapsulatesJDBCwithlightweight,makingJavaprogrammeroperatearelationaldatabasewiththeobjectorientedprogrammingthinking.Itisaaimplementationtechnologyinthelastinglayer.ComparedtootherlastinglayertechnologysuchasJDBC,EJB,JDO,Hibernateiseasytograspandmoreinlinewiththeobject-ori

21、entedprogrammingthinking.Hibernateownaquerylanguage(HQL),whichisfullyobject-oriented.Thebasicstructureinitsapplicationasshowninfigure6.1.Hibernateisadatapersistenceframework,andthecoretechnologyistheobject/relationaldatabasemapping(ORM).HibernateisgenerallyconsideredasabridgebetweenJavaapplicationsa

22、ndtherelationaldatabase,owingtoprovidingdurabledataservicesforapplicationsandallowingdeveloperstouseanobject-orientedapproachtothemanagementandmanipulationofrelationaldatabase.Furthermore,itfurnishesanobject-orientedquerylanguage-HQL.ResponsibleforthemappingbetweenthemajorcategoriesofJavaandtherelat

23、ionaldatabase,Hibernateisessentiallyamiddlewareprovidingdatabaseservices.Itsuppliesdurabledataservicesforapplicationsbyutilizingdatabasesandseveralprofiles,suchashibernatepropertiesandXMLMappingetc.Web services technologiesThe introduction of annotations into Java EE 5 makes it simple to create soph

24、isticated Web service endpoints and clients with less code and a shorter learning curve than was possible with earlier Java EE versions. Annotations first introduced in Java SE 5 are modifiers you can add to your code as metadata. They dont affect program semantics directly, but the compiler, develo

25、pment tools, and runtime libraries can process them to produce additional Java language source files, XML documents, or other artifacts and behavior that augment the code containing the annotations (see Resources). Later in the article, youll see how you can easily turn a regular Java class into a W

26、eb service by adding simple annotations.Web application technologiesJava EE 5 welcomes two major pieces of front-end technology JSF and JSTL into the specification to join the existing JavaServer Pages and Servlet specifications. JSF is a set of APIs that enable a component-based approach to user-in

27、terface development. JSTL is a set of tag libraries that support embedding procedural logic, access to JavaBeans, SQL commands, localized formatting instructions, and XML processing in JSPs. The most recent releases of JSF, JSTL, and JSP support a unified expression language (EL) that allows these t

28、echnologies to integrate more easily (see Resources).The cornerstone of Web services support in Java EE 5 is JAX-WS 2.0, which is a follow-on to JAX-RPC 1.1. Both of these technologies let you create RESTful and SOAP-based Web services without dealing directly with the tedium of XML processing and d

29、ata binding inherent to Web services. Developers are free to continue using JAX-RPC (which is still required of Java EE 5 containers), but migrating to JAX-WS is strongly recommended. Newcomers to Java Web services might as well skip JAX-RPC and head right for JAX-WS. That said, its good to know tha

30、t both of them support SOAP 1.1 over HTTP 1.1 and so are fully compatible: a JAX-WS Web services client can access a JAX-RPC Web services endpoint, and vice versa.The advantages of JAX-WS over JAX-RPC are compelling. JAX-WS: Supports the SOAP 1.2 standard (in addition to SOAP 1.1). Supports XML over

31、 HTTP. You can bypass SOAP if you wish. (See the article Use XML directly over HTTP for Web services (where appropriate) for more information.) Uses the Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) for its data-mapping model. JAXB has complete support for XML schema and better performance (more on that

32、in a moment). Introduces a dynamic programming model for both server and client. The client model supports both a message-oriented and an asynchronous approach. Supports Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM), a W3C recommendation for optimizing the transmission and format of a SOAP mess

33、age. Upgrades Web services interoperability (WS-I) support. (It supports Basic Profile 1.1; JAX-WS supports only Basic Profile 1.0.) Upgrades SOAP attachment support. (It uses the SOAP with Attachments API for Java SAAJ 1.3; JAX-WS supports only SAAJ 1.2.) You can learn more about the differences by

34、 reading the article JAX-RPC versus JAX-WS.The wsimport tool in JAX-WS automatically handles many of the mundane details of Web service development and integrates easily into a build processes in a cross-platform manner, freeing you to focus on the application logic that implements or uses a service

35、. It generates artifacts such as services, service endpoint interfaces (SEIs), asynchronous response code, exceptions based on WSDL faults, and Java classes bound to schema types by JAXB.JAX-WS also enables high-performing Web services. See Resources for a link to an article (Implementing High Perfo

36、rmance Web Services Using JAX-WS 2.0) presenting a benchmark study of equivalent Web service implementations based on the new JAX-WS stack (which uses two other Web services features in Java EE 5 JAXB and StAX) and a JAX-RPC stack available in J2EE 1.4. The study found 40% to 1000% performance incre

37、ases with JAX-WS in various functional areas under different loads.ConclusionEachframeworkhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.LightweightJ2EE structureintegratesStrutsandHibernateandSpringtechnology,makingfullusethepowerfuldataprocessingfunctionofStrutsandthemanagementflexibleofSpringandthematureofHibe

38、rnate.Accordingtothepractice,puttingforwardan open-sourcesolutionssuitableforsmallormedium-sizedenterpriseapplicationof.Theapplicationsystembasedonthisarchitecturetechnologydevelopmenthasinterlayerloosecoupling,structuredistinctly,shortdevelopmentcycle,maintainability.Inaddition,combinedwithcommerci

39、alprojectdevelopment,thesolutionhasachievedgoodeffect.Thelightweightframeworkmakestheparalleldevelopmentandmaintenanceforcommercialsystemconvenience,andcanpushforwardbecomeotherindustrybusinesssystemdevelopment.Throughresearchandpractice,wecaneasilyfindthatStruts/Spring/HibernateframeworkutilizesStr

40、utsmaturityinthepresentationlayer,flexibilityofSpringbusinessmanagementandconvenienceofHibernateintheserializationlayer,threekindsofframeworkintegratedintoawholesothatthedevelopmentandmaintenancebecamemoreconvenientandhandy.Thiskindofapproachalsowillplayakeyroleifapplyingotherbusinesssystem.Ofcourse

41、,howtooptimizesystemperformance,enhancetheusersaccessspeed,improvesecurityabilityofsystemframework,alloftheseworks,areneedtodoforauthorinthefurther.基于SSH框架實(shí)現(xiàn)的試題庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)小型或者中型企業(yè)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)具有非常好的靈活性、安全性以及高性價(jià)比，傳統(tǒng)的J2EE架構(gòu)滿足不了這些需求，但是基于SSH框架實(shí)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)更好的滿足了這樣的需求，這篇文章分析了關(guān)于SSH的一體化理論和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，通過這些集成形成了輕量級(jí)Web框架，在已經(jīng)集成三種技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，

42、伴隨形成了基于SSH的輕量級(jí)Web 框架，并且在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中有著重要作用。簡(jiǎn)介一般大型企業(yè)使用的是J2EE27平臺(tái)，很好的解決了該應(yīng)用的可靠性、安全性、穩(wěn)定性，它的缺點(diǎn)是費(fèi)用高、形成該系統(tǒng)的周期長(zhǎng)，對(duì)于小型或者中型企業(yè)級(jí)應(yīng)用，可以用輕量級(jí)Web代替系統(tǒng)框架，比如通用的Struts和Hibernate，隨著Spring的廣泛應(yīng)用，輕量級(jí)Web框架開發(fā)的最好選擇是Struts、Hibernate、Spring三者的相結(jié)合，因?yàn)樗捎玫氖欠謱咏Y(jié)構(gòu)并且為Web應(yīng)用程序在各層提供了一個(gè)框架的集成，這樣不僅降低了層與層之間的耦合性，而且提高了開發(fā)效率。使用該框架可已經(jīng)解決好多問題，具有可維護(hù)性和可擴(kuò)展性，使

43、得用戶接口和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層之間分離，業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問層、以及程序控制層的分離等。本文研究了Struts、Hibernate以及Spring的技術(shù)和使用原則，呈現(xiàn)出企業(yè)級(jí)輕量級(jí)Web應(yīng)用框架開發(fā)的權(quán)威性。網(wǎng)絡(luò)分層機(jī)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)分層主要分為：視圖層、控制層、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)持久層、拓展層等，使用每一層不同的功能完成整個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)劃分成相互獨(dú)立、相互依存的不同邏輯 模塊，根據(jù)具體設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)用不同的邏輯模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)。同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)并行開發(fā)、快速集成、可維護(hù)性、可擴(kuò)展性。Struts MVC 框架為了確保高效率再次使用發(fā)展過程，采用J2EE技術(shù)去構(gòu)建Web應(yīng)用程序不許選擇一個(gè)具有良好性能的框架，這使得我們

44、沒有花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間去進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)配置，而是去高效率、快速地實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，因此程序員擁有很好的發(fā)展平臺(tái)并且開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)有了提升，如：MVC、O/R映射等。運(yùn)用包括Struts、Hibernate這些技術(shù)框架實(shí)現(xiàn)這種模式。然而，Struts解決的是視圖層、業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層、控制層之間的分離，對(duì)于那些錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)保存沒有提供靈活的支持。相反，Hibernate框架提供了強(qiáng)大且靈活的支持在保存錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)。因此工程人員正在研究使用框架并且靈活開發(fā)項(xiàng)目。 模型-視圖-控制器，所謂的MVC是一種流行的設(shè)計(jì)模式。它把交互式系統(tǒng)中三種組成成分有一個(gè)明確的分工，各自負(fù)責(zé)自己的任務(wù)，MVC模型包含程序數(shù)據(jù)并且管理核心功能。

45、模型和反饋給用戶的可視化顯示由視圖層管理，控制層要負(fù)責(zé)解釋來自用戶的輸入，屬于主導(dǎo)地位，也會(huì)通過對(duì)控制層的操作來改變視圖層。MVC從系統(tǒng)頁(yè)面的分離來提高系統(tǒng)的可擴(kuò)展性和可維護(hù)性。Struts是典型的MVC框架，并且包含上述三層。模型級(jí)別由JavaBean和EJB組件構(gòu)成，控制層通過ActionServlet的實(shí)現(xiàn)，視圖層主要是JSP文件。ActionServlet執(zhí)行JSP發(fā)出的請(qǐng)求，并重定向該請(qǐng)求到相應(yīng)層進(jìn)行繼續(xù)處理。接著，控制層處理使用JavaBean對(duì)象，其存儲(chǔ)任何視圖層的數(shù)據(jù)通過來自頁(yè)面的請(qǐng)求，并返回結(jié)果給控制層模塊?？刂茖又囟ㄏ蚍祷氐腏avaBean對(duì)象，以顯示其信息的主要內(nèi)容。Sp

46、ring框架技術(shù)Spring是輕量級(jí)應(yīng)用開發(fā)技框架，使用來自配置文件和應(yīng)用程序的控制分離中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，依據(jù)J2EE應(yīng)用所有的解決方案，Spring不僅是取代現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，更是組織對(duì)象進(jìn)行POJO管理。此外，開發(fā)人員可以自由使用Spring框架的部分或者全部，源于Spring模塊不完全依賴。根據(jù)模塊的業(yè)務(wù)描述，Spring采用加載延遲來提升代碼的擴(kuò)展性和內(nèi)置系統(tǒng)的靈活性，該系統(tǒng)通過Spring Aop模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)了集中業(yè)務(wù)處理，減少代碼重用。Hibernate的持久層框架Hibernate持久層框架是一種用Dao設(shè)計(jì)模式實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間映射的開源框架。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的方法是使用JDB

47、C直接相連，這種方式使得系統(tǒng)工作負(fù)荷大而且SQL語句錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，一旦業(yè)務(wù)邏輯發(fā)生變化，SQL語句就得做相應(yīng)的修改，這樣給開發(fā)者和維護(hù)人員帶來不便，考慮了Java面向?qū)ο蟮年P(guān)系與關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存在很大差異性，介于對(duì)象和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間引入配置文件進(jìn)行之間映射，盡可能使用配置文件，只需要修改配置文件來代替Java源代碼當(dāng)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯有所改變時(shí)。因此，關(guān)系映射的出現(xiàn)，是Hibernate最優(yōu)秀的實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑之一。Hibernate便捷的封裝了JDBC，使得Java操作一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)與面向?qū)ο缶幊趟季S一致，它是一個(gè)持久層實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)，比起其他持久層技術(shù)，如JDBC、EJB、JDO，Hibernate很容易掌握，更符合面向地向的編

48、程思路，Hibernate特有的完全面向?qū)ο蟮牟樵冋Z言（HQL）。介于對(duì)象和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間的映射是很關(guān)鍵的，Hibernate最本質(zhì)的中間組件來提供服務(wù)，它通過利用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和多個(gè)配置文件，如Hibernate固有特性和XML映射等應(yīng)用提供持久的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù).WEB服務(wù)技術(shù)在 Java EE 5 中引入了注解（annotation）特性，這簡(jiǎn)化了復(fù)雜 Web 服務(wù)端點(diǎn)和客戶機(jī)的開發(fā)，與以前的 Java EE 版本相比，代碼更少，學(xué)習(xí)過程更短了。注解（最早在 Java SE 5 中引入）是可以作為元數(shù)據(jù)添加到代碼中的修飾性代碼。它們并不直接影響程序的語義，但是編譯器、開發(fā)工具和運(yùn)行時(shí)庫(kù)可以通過處理它們生

49、成額外的 Java 語言源文件、XML 文檔或其他工件和行為，這些對(duì)包含注解的程序起輔助作用（參見 參考資料）。在本文后面，會(huì)看到如何通過添加簡(jiǎn)單的注解，將常規(guī)的 Java 類轉(zhuǎn)換為 Web 服務(wù)。Web 應(yīng)用程序技術(shù)除了現(xiàn)有的 JavaServer Pages 和 Servlet 規(guī)范，Java EE 5 引入了兩種前端技術(shù) JSF 和 JSTL。JSF 是一組 API，支持以基于組件的方式開發(fā)用戶界面。JSTL 是一組標(biāo)記庫(kù)，支持在 JSP 中嵌入過程式邏輯、對(duì) JavaBean 的訪問方法、SQL 命令、本地化格式指令和 XML 處理。JSF、JSTL 和 JSP 的最新版本支持一種統(tǒng)一表達(dá)式語言（expression language，EL），這使這些技術(shù)更容易集成在一起（參見 參考資料）。 Web 服務(wù)支持方面的飛躍Java EE 5 中 Web 服務(wù)支持的基礎(chǔ)是 JAX-WS 2.0，它是一種替代 JAX-RPC 1.1 的技術(shù)。這兩種技術(shù)都支持創(chuàng)建 REST 風(fēng)格和基于 SOAP 的 Web 服務(wù)，而不必直接處理 Web 服務(wù)固