Book7 Unit5Grammar.ppt

1、Unit 5,Travelling abroad,非限制性定語從句,Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,Lets review Restrictive Attributive Clause. (限制性定語從句),Finish the following sentences. 1. He has two sons _ work in the same place. 2. He has two sons, _ work in the same place.,who,who,3. They gave up the plan _ they worked out yes

2、terday. 4. They gave up the plan, _ was a very good one.,that / which,which,1. 限制性定語從句： 從句與主句關(guān)系密切, 去掉從句, 主句意義不完整, 甚至不合邏輯。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited. (去掉定語從句, 意思就不完整),限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句:,2. 非限制性定語從句： 從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切, 去掉定語從句, 意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開, 不能用that 引導(dǎo)。 e.g. Toms father, who

3、is over sixty, still works hard day and night. (who 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯),非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區(qū)別,Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.,Discussion,Example 1,1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is deve

4、loping quickly.,當(dāng)先行詞是地名、人名、世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用非限制性定語從句修飾。,Example 2,1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。 2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。,不只一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,1. 限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切, 是先行詞不可缺少的部分, 如果去掉它, 主句意思往往不明確。 2. 非限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充或說明, 去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。,

5、Example 3,This is the house (which/ that) we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。 2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這房子很漂亮, 是我們上個(gè)月買的。,1. 限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞, 關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。 2. 非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句, 不可用 that 引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。,非限制性定語從句中, 指物時(shí), 用which 而不用 that。 Football, which is a

6、very interesting game, is played all over the world. All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,非限制性定語從句中的一些問題：,1,指人時(shí)主格用who, 賓格用whom, 物主格用whose (也可指物)。 Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher. The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and cam

7、els, use these animals for work and in sports. Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.,2,關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間), where (指地點(diǎn))也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 注意關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo)。 He lives in the city, where there is a high tower. The Peoples Republic of China was founded i

8、n 1949, when he was born. I have told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.,3,介詞加關(guān)系代詞也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much. Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found. The story about the Long March, of which this is an examp

9、le, are well written.,4,在非限制性定語從句中, 關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)代替修飾的不是前面的名詞或代詞, 而是前面的整個(gè)一句話。 e.g. The operation was not performed, which may be the cause of her death. 手術(shù)沒做, 這可能是她死亡的原因。,5,關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活, 可置于主句前, 也可置于主句后。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：as is well known, as we know, as we can see, as we expect。 e.g. As I expected, he didn

10、t believe me. 正如我所預(yù)料的, 他不相信我。 Yesterday Mr. Green quarreled with his wife, as seldom happened. 昨天格林先生同妻子吵架了, 他們是很少吵架的。,6,考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞 / 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 考例回顧 1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset. （北京2011） who B. which C. what D. that,2. The s

11、chool shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. （四川2011） which B. whose C. when D. where,3. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. （陜西2011） which B. where C. who D. that,點(diǎn)撥 1. 答案為B。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在此指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 2. 答

12、案為B。customers與shop之間是所屬關(guān)系，因此用whose。 3. 答案為B。關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。,考點(diǎn)二：“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非 限制性定語從句 考例回顧 1. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. （湖南2011） who B. whom C. which D. that,2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more t

13、han three years. （江西2011） A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which,點(diǎn)撥 1. 答案為 C?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which指代先行詞German, French and Russian。 2. 答案為 C。the construction of which 相當(dāng)于the construction of the museum，表示“博物館的建造”。,考點(diǎn)解讀 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，介詞前?？杉右恍┬揎棾煞?，構(gòu)成some / all / none / both / m

14、any / most / the rest / the first / the number of which / whom結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g. The manager invited a lot of people to the party, most of whom were his classmates.,考點(diǎn)三：as 與 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 考例回顧 1. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

15、 （2011大綱全國卷） this B. that C. what D. which,2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. （天津2006） what B. that C. how D. as,點(diǎn)撥 1. 答案為D。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 2. 答案為D。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正如你們?cè)S多年齡足夠大的人記得的”。,1. Peter danced and sang all evening. People used to think P

16、eter was quiet. Peter, who people used to think was quiet, danced and sang all evening.,Revising useful structures,Join the two sentences. You need to add commas to most.,2. Sharon gave me a picture for my birthday. She had painted it especially for me. For my birthday, Sharon gave me a picture (whi

17、ch) she had painted especially for me.,3. The operation was performed in a famous hospital. My grandfathers hearing improved.,The operation, which improved my grandfathers hearing, was performed in a famous hospital.,4. When I went on a tour round China, I saw many historical sites. It was very exci

18、ting. I saw many historical sites when I went on a tour around China, which was very exciting.,5. The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning. Then there was a heavy fog. The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning, when there was a heavy fog.,6. Tang Ling volunteered to help t

19、he welfare house. There she teaches the homeless children. Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house, where she teaches the homeless children.,7. As far as Im concerned, Anne should not be going to America next year. Her daughter is in my class. As far as Im concerned, Anne, whose daughter is

20、in my class, should not be going to America next year.,8. He went on a bus tour with a group of people. Most of them had never traveled before. He went on a bus tour with a group of people, most of whom had never travelled before.,1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This

21、is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were,D,B,2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whomC. both of them D. both of it,B,C,3. He still lives in the room _ window f