Grammarandusage.ppt

1、Grammar and Usage,Language Styles,Revision,Talk about the types of cybercrime. How to fight against cybercrime.,Language Styles,The most important difference in the English language style is between spoken and written forms of English. Within spoken and written forms of English, there are also diffe

2、rences between formal and informal styles.,Informal,TEXT 1,Read the texts and decide which is formal and which is informal,A: Hi Mike. Its Alices birthday tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present? B: Yes, of course, what about some flowers? A: Flowers are lovely. But Id prefer to get her a CD. You know

3、she loves music. B: Good idea.,It uses simple sentence structures, the active voice, less formal language and contractions.,Formal,TEXT 2,A: Good morning, Mr. Smith. The report is finished. Shall I present it to you? B: Please give it to me in an hour. I have a meeting with some customers about our

4、new product.,It uses the passive voice and is obviously a formal setting between two professionals.,B: I am sorry to interrupt you. Please inform me when you are finished and have time to look at the report. A: Yes, I will.,Essays reports letters of application,formal speeches Addressing strangers,l

5、etters to friends or family e-mails text messages,Talking to people we know well (family members and friends),General Guide,Ordinary citizens are aware of the frequent computer-related crimes that happen,Features,Formal Style,We often find complex sentence structures, including the passive voice and

6、 subordinate clauses.,Subordinate clause,since many computer users are affected by computer viruses.,Passive voice,Subordinate clause,We also find more abstract nouns.,There has been an increase in the incidence of crime.,Informal Style,Features,People are worried about computer viruses.,We often us

7、e simple sentence structures.,You should go to the university and talk to the detective in charge of campus police about the theft.,We often use active voice.,Weve heard lots of reports of financial fraud.,We also find a lot of colloquial language, and there are contractions.,Practice,Which text is

8、formal and which is informal,Text 1 Good morning, viewers, and welcome to Sunday topics. Many crimes that take place in our city are caused by a lack of money. My guest, Dr. Johnson, believes so. We will be covering this and many other,topics, as well as talking to you, the public, about your though

9、ts on the issues of today. I hope that you are going to stay with us for the next forty minutes.,Text 2 Hi, everyone, and glad to see you again in Sunday Topics. Dr. Johnson is my guest, and he says that many crimes that take place in our city are caused by a lack of money. Well look at this and oth

10、er interesting topics as well as chat to you about todays issues. I think youll like it, so stay with us.,Formal Style,It uses colloquial language and contractions, as well as simple sentences and the active.,It features sentences with passive voice, subordinate clauses and abstract nouns.,Informal

11、Style,Text 1 :,Text 2 :,Analysis,Part A P.57,b d e,f h,a j,c I g,Practice,Hey, you- shut the door! Would you be so kind as to shut the door, please? Visitors are requested to shut the door quietly when leaving the building. By order of the headmaster, these doors must be kept shut at all times. Plea

12、se shut the door. Would you mind shutting the door?,1,6,3,2,5,4,Part B P. 57,Be quiet. Could I trouble you to turn the volume on the radio down a little, please? Visitors are politely requested to keep their voices down at all times. Shut up! Silence is requested in this area while the examinations are being given. Pleas