燃料電池及其發(fā)展前景論文.doc

本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）論文題目：燃料電池及其發(fā)展前景學(xué)生姓名：所在院系：機(jī)電學(xué)院所學(xué)專業(yè)：應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)教育導(dǎo)師姓名：完成時(shí)間：I摘要隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的提高，人類對(duì)能源的需求量大幅度增加。而隨著化石能源(煤炭、石油、天然氣)的日漸枯竭，開(kāi)發(fā)利用可再生資源的能源體系、調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)成為人類社會(huì)迫切需要解決的問(wèn)題。燃料電池是舉世公認(rèn)的高效、便捷及有益于環(huán)境的綠色能源裝置。燃料電池具有高效、環(huán)保、安全、可靠性高等特點(diǎn)，可同時(shí)解決“能源”和“環(huán)?！眱纱笫澜珉y題，是未來(lái)氫經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代新興產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的核心，將降低對(duì)石油進(jìn)口依賴，保障國(guó)家能源安全，減少溫室效應(yīng)，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量。本文對(duì)燃料電池的基本概念，基本工作原理作了具體敘述，對(duì)其工作效率和提高工作效率的方法作了定量討論，燃料電池具有非同尋常的性能：電效率可達(dá)60以上，而且可以在帶著部分負(fù)荷運(yùn)行的情況下進(jìn)行維修，除了有低比率碳氧化物排放外幾乎沒(méi)有任何有害的排放物。文章介紹按溫度劃分的5種主要燃料電池(AFC、PAFC、MCFC、PEMFC、SOFC)的性能，重點(diǎn)介紹高溫固體氧化物燃料電池(SOFC)的應(yīng)用及其發(fā)展前景。關(guān)鍵詞:燃料電池；綠色能源；高溫固體氧化物燃料電池IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,aswellasimprovementoflivingstandards,humandemandforenergyincreased.Andasfossilfuels(coal,petroleum,naturalgas)theincreasingdepletionofresources,developmentandutilizationofrenewableenergysystems,adjustmentofenergystructureofhumansocietyhasbecomeanurgentneedtobeaddressed.Fuelcelliswidelyrecognizedasefficient,convenientandenvironmentallysoundgreenenergydevices.Fuelcellswithhighefficiency,environmentalfriendly,safety,highreliabilityandsoon,canalsosolvetheenergyandgreentheworldstwomajorproblemsinthefuturehydrogeneconomyera,thecoreoftheemergingindustrychain,itwillreducedependenceonoilimportstoprotectthenationalenergysafetyandreducethegreenhouseeffect,toimprovethequalityoftheenvironment.Inthispaper,thebasicconceptandbasicworkingprincipleoffuelcellsarespecificallydescribed,Theefficiencyandthemethodstoincreaseefficiencyofthefuelcellsarediscussedthroughquantitative.Fuelcellshadtheunusualcharacteristic:Itspowerefficiencyismorethan60%,youcanrepairandmaintainitwithoutunloading,butinadditiontothelowratioofcarbonoxideemissionsoutside,virtuallynootherharmfulemissions.Thisarticledescribesthefourkindsofmainfuelcellsdividedinaccordancewiththetemperature(PEMFC,PAFC,MCFCandSOFC)performance,focusingonhigh-temperaturesolidoxidefuelcell(SOFC)applicationanditsdevelopmentprospects.Keywords:fuelcell；greenenergy；SOFCIII目錄1緒論.12燃料電池的發(fā)展.22.1燃料電池的發(fā)展階段.22.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究階段.22.1.2實(shí)用性開(kāi)發(fā)階段.22.2燃料電池在國(guó)外的發(fā)展.22.2.1燃料電池在美國(guó)的發(fā)展.32.2.2燃料電池在加拿大的發(fā)展.32.2.3燃料電池在德國(guó)的發(fā)展.32.2.4燃料電池在日本的發(fā)展.42.3燃料電池在國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展.43燃料電池的工作原理、分類及優(yōu)點(diǎn).53.1燃料電池的工作原理.53.2燃料電池的分類.73.2.1堿性燃料電池（AFC）.73.2.2磷酸型燃料電池(PAFC).73.2.3熔融碳酸鹽型燃料電池(MCFC).83.2.4質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC).83.2.5固體氧化物燃料電池(SOFC).83.3燃料電池的優(yōu)點(diǎn).94固體氧化物燃料電池（SOFC）.