教案：仁愛版八年級英語上冊語法.doc

.可編輯修改，可打印別找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育資料全冊教案，試卷，教學(xué)課件，教學(xué)設(shè)計等一站式服務(wù)全力滿足教學(xué)需求，真實規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學(xué)資源，打造完美教學(xué)模式UNIT 1 Topic 1 語法精講be going to動詞原形1. 表示說話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象，判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。這類句子的主語可以是人，也可是物。例如：There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我們學(xué)校將有一場足球賽。（已有告示）I feel terrible.I think Im going to die. 我感到難受極了，我想我快不行了。Look at those black clouds！Its going to rain. 看看那些烏云！天快要下雨了。2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的意圖或現(xiàn)已作出的決定，即打算在最近或?qū)磉M(jìn)行某事。這種意圖或決定往往是事先經(jīng)過考慮的。例如：He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不準(zhǔn)備去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 瑪麗決定長大了當(dāng)一名教師。3. 只是單純地預(yù)測未來的事，此時可與will互換。例如：I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我認(rèn)為今晚要下雨。注意：（1）be going to和will在含義和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算；will多表示意愿、決心。兩者有時不能互換。例如：He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加考試。（不能用will替換）Can somebody help me？ 誰能幫我一下嗎？I will. 我來。（不能用be going to替換）（2）在if之后，通常不用will表示預(yù)言，但可以用be going to表示意圖。例如：If you are going to go to the cinema this evening，youd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看電影，最好帶著外套。be going to也?？梢杂糜谥骶渲?。例如：If you invite Jack，theres going to be trouble. 如果你邀請杰克，那就要惹麻煩了。如果表示將來的意愿，will可用于條件從句。此時will為情態(tài)動詞。例如：If you will learn to play football，Ill help you. 如果你想學(xué)踢足球，我可以幫你。課堂小測1、Be careful. The train _d.A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming2. Look at those clouds. It _a_ soon, Im afraid.A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. wont rain3. The radio says it _c_ the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows4. _b_ he _ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Willdoes B. is going to do C. isdoing D. Shall doUNIT 1 Topic 2 語法精講 UNIT 1 Topic 3 語法精講隨堂測試1、 There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to be C. is going to beD. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt workingB. doesnt working C. isnt going to workingD. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to have C. will haveD. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. givesD. giveUNIT 2 Topic 1 語法精講UNIT 2 Topic 2 語法精講 UNIT 2 Topic 3 語法精講情態(tài)動詞用法總結(jié)： 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征：1） 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生；2） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。一、 比較can 和be able to1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could),只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用be able toa. 位于助動詞后。b. 情態(tài)動詞后。c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。d. 用于句首表示條件。e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示時態(tài)1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have the television on? Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。二、比較may和might1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為不妨。If that is the case, we may as well try 三、比較have to和must1)兩詞都是必須的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： dont have to表示不必mustnt表示禁止，You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。四、must表示推測1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為一定。2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must be staying there.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there.他必須呆在那。3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定推測用 cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。五、表示推測的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如 can, may。六、should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都為應(yīng)該的意思，可用于各種人稱。Ought he to go?Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應(yīng)該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強(qiáng)。七、 had better表示最好had better 相當(dāng)于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結(jié)果，意為本來最好。You had better have come earlier.八、 would rather表示寧愿would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than寧愿而不愿。還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示寧愿、寧可的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.九、 will和would注意：1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。Would you like some cake?3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一種委婉語氣。Wont you sit down?十、 情態(tài)動詞的回答方式問句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needntMust you?/dont have to.十一、 帶to 的情態(tài)動詞帶to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do 等助動詞協(xié)助。 典型例題Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told答案A。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞 ought to 后，所以用 have。十二、比較need和dare這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 后面的to 時?？梢员皇÷浴?) 實義動詞： need（需要, 要求）need + n. / to do sth2) 情態(tài)動詞： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。Need you go yet?Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被動含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：need doing = need to be done隨堂測試1. Must I finish my homework today？ No， you _. A. cant B. neednt. C. mustnt. D. may not 2. _ I speak to Mary？ Mary Speaking. A. Must B. Need C. May D. Shall 3. This math problem is too hard. Nobody _ do it. A. may not B. may C. cant D. can 4. Can you speak Japanese？ No， I _. A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. neednt 5. You _ stop when the lights are red. A. may B. can C. should D. must 6. You _ play football in the street. Its dangerous. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wouldntUNIT 3 Topic 1 語法精講UNIT 3 Topic 2 語法精講隨堂小測( )1. What a friendly person _! We all like talking with him.A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is( ) 2. _ swimming in this river!A. How great fun B. What great funC. How a great fun D. What a great fun( )3. _ sad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble. A. What aB. What C. How a D. How( )4. What _ fine weather we have these days!A. aB. theC. /D. an( )5. _ lovely day! Lets go for a walk. A. WhatB. What a C. How D. How a( )6. _ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road!A. WhatB. What aC. How D. How a UNIT 3 Topic 3 語法精講隨堂小測1.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked 3.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don t think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working UNIT 4 Topic 1 語法精講隨堂測試 1.Which lesson is _ (difficult) in Book 2?2.Alice writes _(carefully ) than I.3.This story is _( interesting) than that one.4.That was one of _( exciting) moments in 2008.5.This kind of food must be _ ( delicious )than that one.6.Beihai park is one of _ (beautiful ) parks in Beijing.7.Whos _(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?8. That is _(easy) of all.9. He is _(clever )boy in the class.10.John is _( short) than Tom.UNIT 4 Topic 2 語法精講UNIT 4 Topic 3 語法精講特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句1. 陳述部分含否定意味的詞(few, little,never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑問句應(yīng)使用肯定形式（但前綴詞unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）eg. They are unhappy, arent they?2.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時，附加疑問句的主語應(yīng)用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody