英語寫作優(yōu)化句子的常用方法.ppt

A. The students Union of our school organized some activities during the 21st National Water Saving Week, and the theme of the activities is advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting water saving in campus.,B. In response to the 21st National Water Saving Week from May 13 to May 19, 2012, the Students Union of our school organized a series of activities with the theme of advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting water saving in campus.,A. Most students value it highly, believing that the dormitory is always full of noise, which affects their study and rest.,B. Most students agree with the idea because they think the dormitories are noisy, and that affects their study and rest.,基礎(chǔ)寫作訓(xùn)練,優(yōu)化句子的常用方法,一、運用同位語,此方法多用于介紹人物、事物、產(chǎn)品、書名或地點等。 【例1】介紹事物： 射擊最初只是生存工具，19世紀才發(fā)展成為一項體育運動。 Shooting, a means of survival originally, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.,【例2】介紹人物： 上周我們就中小學(xué)生近視問題采訪了眼科醫(yī)生王教授。 Last week, we had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of the school children in China.,一、運用同位語,【例3】介紹書名： 書名： Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作者： Amy Chua，美籍華人，耶魯大學(xué)教授 中文版： 2011年初開始在中國銷售 A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, written by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2011.,1. Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province. It is located in the middle of Guangdong Province. It is the culture and economy center of Guangdong Province. Guangzhou, the capital and the culture and economy center of Guangdong Province, is located in the middle of Guangdong.,運用同位語合并句子,2. Zhang Hai is male. He is 23 years old. He graduated from Hunan Normal University last year. Zhang Hai, male, 23 years old, graduated from Hunan Normal University last year.,運用同位語合并句子,1. 去年，我被邀請參加一個為“待援助的孩子”（Tuesday Child）舉辦的一個狂歡節(jié)（carnival），“待援助的孩子”是一個幫助艾滋患兒的組織。 Last year, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesday Child, _.,運用同位語完成句子,an organization that helps children with AIDS,2. 離2012年還有一個月時間，但孤星指南（the Lonely Planet）等不及宣布來年十大旅游城市排行榜，孤星指南是世界最暢銷旅游指南雜志之一。 There is still more than one month to go before 2012. But the Lonely Planet, _ _ , cant wait to announce its top 10 cities to travel to in the coming year.,運用同位語完成句子,one of the worlds best-selling travel guides,1. 曉玲是個女孩子，今年18歲，她在育才中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，她是我的鄰居也是我最好的朋友。 Xiaoling, a girl of 18, my neighbour and my best friend, is studying in Yucai Middle School.,運用同位語翻譯合并句子,2. 姓名：Steve Jobs 別名：蘋果教父（godfather） 出生地：美國加州三藩市 出生日期：1955年2月24日 逝世日期：2011年10月5日 Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on February 24th, 1955 and passed away on October 5th, 2011.,運用同位語翻譯合并句子,介詞短語 非謂語動詞短語：現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 不定式短語,二、運用短語,介詞短語常作狀語。 【例4】我很驚訝，一切進展得那么順利。 【一般】I was surprise. Everything went on very well. 【高級】To my surprise, everything went on well.,介詞短語常作定語。 【例5】Waste water is making the river worse and worse. The waste water is from a factory. The factory lies on the river. 【高級】Waste water from the factory on the river is making the river worse and worse.,1. Xiaxi Town is not big but beautiful. It has an area of about 8 square kilometers. Xiaxi Town, with an area of about 8 square kilometers, is not big but beautiful. 2. There is an old tower. The tower lies in the east of the town. There is a river behind the tower. In the east of the town lies an old tower, behind which there is a river.,運用介詞短語合并句子,3. We started early. We wanted to enjoy the sunrise on the top of the tower. We started early (in order/ so as/in an effort) to enjoy /with the purpose (goal) of enjoying the sunrise on the top of the tower. 4. As soon as we got there, we began to take photos. On arriving there, we began to take photos.,5. A professor gave us a talk this morning. He came from Beijing University. He talked about how to learn English well. A professor from Beijing University gave us a talk about/on how to learn English well this morning. 6. He told us of his own interesting experiences of learning English. We laughed a lot. On hearing his own interesting experiences of learning English, we laughed a lot.,7. His talk lasted an hour. He asked us some questions. During the one-hour talk, he asked us some questions.,使用時請注意以下幾點： 不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后； 現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，該動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生； 過去分詞表被動，或表示該動詞的動作在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生，或者沒有時間性； 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表被動，與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。,二、運用非謂語動詞短語,【例6】故事是用簡單的英語寫的，很受英語初學(xué)者的歡迎。 【一般】The stories are written in simple English. They are popular with English beginners. 【高級】Written in simple English, the stories are popular with English beginners.,二、運用非謂語動詞短語,1. He is ill. He didnt go to school. Being ill, he didnt go to school. 2. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest. It will be held on June 5. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held on June 5.,運用非謂語動詞短語合并句子,3. After she listened to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. After listening to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. 4. I dont know his name. I call him Good Man. Not knowing his name, I call him Good Man.,5. The man is singing a song. He is my brother. The man singing a song is my brother. 6. Suddenly I saw an ant. She was trying hard to move another ant who was dead. Suddenly I saw an ant trying hard to move another ant who was dead.,常用的并列連詞有and, but, or, otherwise, nor, so, yet, however, for, as well as, both and, not only but also, either or, neither nor, and then, since 等。,三、運用并列句,【例7】他不喜歡音樂，也不喜歡運動。 【一般】He doesnt like music. He doesnt like sports, either. 【高級】He likes neither music nor sports.,三、運用并列句,【例8】我不喜歡他，他很自私。 【一般】I dont like him. He is selfish. 【高級】 I dont like him, for he is selfish.,三、運用并列句,1. He works hard himself. He encourages us to work hard, too. He not only works hard himself, but also encourages us to work hard. 2. These glasses are very expensive. Please be careful with them. Please be careful with these glasses, for they are very expensive.,運用并列連詞合并句子,3. Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols. 48% of the boys favour sports stars. Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols while 48% of the boys favour sports stars. 4. I am good at expressing myself. I have the language advantage over others. Not only am I good at expressing myself, but I also have the language advantage over others.,5. According to the professor, the cause of short-sightedness is very complicated. No medicine can cure it. According to the professor, the cause of short-sightedness is very complicated so no medicine can cure it.,6. The government should be aware of the importance of providing education for all the children. The average people should be aware of the importance, too. The government, as well as the average people/Both the government and the average people should be aware of the importance of providing education for all the children.,最常用的是狀語從句、主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和定語從句。 【例9】廢水被直接排放到河里，河水被嚴重污染。 【一般】Waste water is directly let into the river. The river is seriously polluted. 【高級】The river is seriously polluted because waste water is directly let into it.,四、運用復(fù)合句,【例10】他病得很重，這讓我著急。 【一般】He was seriously ill. It made me worried. 【高級】He was seriously ill, which made me worried.,四、運用復(fù)合句,1. He never lost a game. I was really astonished. I was really astonished that he never lost a game. 2. Li Hua is my classmate. His English is very good. Li Hua is my classmate, whose English is very good.,運用復(fù)合句合并句子,3. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol. His inventions have greatly changed our life. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. As for myself, Thomas Edison, whose inventions have greatly changed our life, is my idol.,4. Currently China has about 350 million smokers. Among these smokers 75% are men and 25% are women. Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75% are men and 25% are women.,5. We are now living in an information age. TV, cells and the Web are widely used in this age. We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used.,6. The government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest. It is reported. It is reported that the government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest. As is reported, the government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest.,需要注意的是，我們在寫作時，要注意不要一味地追求復(fù)雜的句型，能簡則簡，能用短語，就不要用從句。在句式多樣的前提下，盡量做到精煉。 【例11】我正在餐桌旁吃飯，一個人朝我走了過來，那個人戴著一頂黑帽子。 【復(fù)雜】I was at table when a man who was wearing a black hat came up to me. 【簡明】When I was at table, a man wearing a black hat came up to me.,寫作中復(fù)合句常見的錯誤,1.只有從句，沒有主句,The keeper who had lived in the light tower for a long time, so he could keep calm in the storm.,2.以逗號代替句號,把兩個簡單句當(dāng)成一個句子, The old man thought of his son, tears came down from his face., The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.,3.刻意使用從句，表達不自然,There are over fifty students in this school who are going to take part in the sports meet next Sunday.,Over fifty students in this school are going to take part in the sports meet next Sunday.,4.過多地使用并列句組合信息, We were driving out into the country, and we saw our English teacher riding in a bus, and the bus was crowded., It is a beautiful day, and the sun is shining and a breeze is blowing., It is a beautiful day with the sun shining and a breeze blowing., As we were driving out into the country, we saw our English teacher riding in a crowded bus.,你來試試,參考詞匯： 錯別字: wrongly-written characters 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言：web language,要求：1. 用兩句話表達表格內(nèi)容 2. 兩句話要有連貫性,第一句（兩個信息點）： 1. 學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)很多錯別字 2.（他們）上網(wǎng)聊天時經(jīng)常使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言。, There are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions.,The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions is that they often use web languages when chatting on line.,合并句子：, They often use web languages when chatting on line.,1. They have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.,第二句: 1. 每天有很多作業(yè)做 2. 沒有記住生字。, They have much homework to do every day.,2. With so much homework to do every day, they fail to memorize the new characters.,3. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.,合并句子：, They fail to memorize the new characters.,連接兩句話： The reason why there are many wro