中考英語命題研究第二部分語法專題突破篇專題一名詞習題.docx

第二部分 語法專題突破篇專題一 名詞,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢編者按：系統(tǒng)分析河北近5年試題，重點是單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用題，逐命題點統(tǒng)計考查頻次，表格直觀呈現(xiàn)，并在各命題后批注考情，便于快速把握重點，逐一攻克。 考綱要求1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復數(shù) 2.不可數(shù)名詞 3.專有名詞 4.名詞所有格考查點年份題號選項設置分值名詞詞義辨析201629secret/advice/promise/purpose1分201529printer/radio player/camera1分43glass/weight/water/height1分44minute/night/day/week1分45mother/teacher/doctor/friend1分201430ice/soup/salt/sugar1分46boys/girls/men/women1分50town/market/garden/school1分55pay/time/advice/love1分201329color/size/smell/shape1分49fear/trouble/surprise/danger1分50titles/orders/stories/questions 1分51discussion/practice/meeting/review1分201230potato/banana/candy/pie1分53results/films/prizes/drawings1分55chance/practice/difference/experience1分名詞單復數(shù)201677place1分83childchildren1分201579riverrivers1分80wishwishes1分201381footfeet1分201285festivalfestivals1分名詞轉(zhuǎn)換201685singsinger1分 分析河北近5年中考真題可以看出，名詞為單項選擇題的必考點，且近兩年偏向名詞詞義在語境中的辨析，句子設置的語境貼近學生實際生活。對名詞單復數(shù)的考查會和詞義辨析結(jié)合，注重對語境的考查。對名詞所有格的考查也會和單復數(shù)結(jié)合，側(cè)重于不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)。設題形式均為簡單句，以兩個單句為主，一個句子提供語境，另一個句子設題，詞數(shù)在912個。另外，完形填空和詞語運用中也會涉及對名詞的考查，完形填空側(cè)重考查名詞的詞義辨析，而詞語運用則側(cè)重對名詞單復數(shù)的所有格的考查。預測2017年河北中考的單項選擇仍會考查名詞詞義辨析題，且與語境緊密結(jié)合。完形填空也會涉及23道名詞詞義辨析題，且與上下文語境相結(jié)合。詞語運用中考查名詞變復數(shù)的可能性較大。,河北中考重難點突破名詞名詞的分類專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)復數(shù)規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化不可數(shù)名詞名詞的所有格s所有格的構(gòu)成及用法of所有格的構(gòu)成及用法雙重所有格名詞的句法作用名詞作主語、賓語、表語名詞作定語、同位語、補語、狀語 名詞辨析【滿分點撥】分析河北中考近幾年單選和完形對名詞辨析的考查，主要以語境辨析和近義詞辨析為主。一、語境辨析分析河北中考近幾年單選和完形，名詞辨析側(cè)重于對語境辨析的考查，同時較少涉及單復數(shù)、固定搭配。學生在做題時，首先應讀懂句意，抓住題干中關鍵信息，并分析各個選項的意思，結(jié)合日常生活的常識及語境，即可選出正確答案。學生可結(jié)合河北試題研究話題詞匯分類速記表中常見名詞基本詞義，并背誦教材中常見的固定搭配。二、近義詞辨析近義名詞在河北中考中沒有涉及，老師可根據(jù)以下所列常見近義名詞適當補充。1family，home，house與room2noise，sound與voice3question與problem4work與job5message，information與news6village，city與countryside7clothes，cloth與clothing8photo，picture與drawing9population與people10road，street，path與way11exercise，exercises與practice12class與lesson13country，nation，state與land14police與policeman15trip，journey，travel與tour【考點搶測】( A )1.(2016邯鄲二模)Its raining hard outside.Take an _， please.Aumbrella BeraserCarticle Dice cream( B )2.(2016新華區(qū)中考模擬)Look at the _，the teacher is writing on it.Atree BblackboardCdesk Dwindow( B )3.(2016裕華區(qū)中考模擬)How can I use this new washing machine?Well，just read the _Adirections BinstructionsCstandards Dexplanations( A )4.(2016河北中考三模)I felt the _ rush to my face because I was quite nervous then.Ablood BshameCpride Dfear( B )5.(2016河北中考二模)I love red.It is a traditional _ for Chinese.Afood BcolorCfestival Dculture( A )6.(2016石家莊28中模擬)Do you know the _ of these words？I cant understand them.Ameanings BspellingsCpronunciations Dinstructions( D )7.(2016河北中考一模)What shall I do？I need some _Anews BtruthCsecrets Dadvice( D )8.(2016張家口升學二模)Do you think the _ of this skirt suits me?Of course！You always look beautiful in red.Asize BshapeCprice Dcolor( B )9.(2016河北升學四模)A clean _ goes through the village.Lots of women wash clothes there.Aroad BriverCbus Dbridge( A )10.(2016石家莊9年級質(zhì)檢二)I want to look up a word.May I use your _？Adictionary BradioCplayer Dpen( D )11.He has good _He never says dirty words.Ahabits BhobbiesCabilities Dmanners( A )12.My brother is interested in the stamp _What about you?Acollection BinstructionCprize Dhobby( D )13.I like _ very much.I often listen to it on the MP3 player.Asport BdrawingCscience Dmusic( D )14.Please put the box behind the door.There is enough _ to place it.Afloor BtimeCground Droom( B )15.If you learn English well，you will have more _ to get a good job.Achoices BchancesCchanges Dconversations 名詞的數(shù)【滿分點撥】一、名詞的分類 類別意義例詞專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物的詞book，desk，table，bike，plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family，class，police，team，group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger，health，love，success，interest二、可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)變化規(guī)律 情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加scapcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers續(xù)表 情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以字母s，sh，ch，x等結(jié)尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f、fe為v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o結(jié)尾o前為輔音音素時加es，o前為元音音素時加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos復合名詞將后一個詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers兩部分都變復數(shù)man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名詞改變內(nèi)部元音字母footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice詞尾加renchildchildren單復數(shù)同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer 注意：(1)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成詞，故其復數(shù)形式為直接加s。(2)man和woman作定語時，其本身的單復數(shù)形式與被修飾詞的單復數(shù)一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老師)a woman cookwomen cooks(女廚師)三、常見不可數(shù)名詞歸納及用法1常見的不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞食物bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪液體milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油自然物體soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木頭抽象名詞情感joy高興 friendship友情 peace和平學科math數(shù)學 geography地理physics物理 chemistry化學概念population人口 knowledge知識 2.不可數(shù)名詞量化的表示不可數(shù)名詞的多少可用以下詞組來表示：a block of一塊 a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一組，一雙，一對a piece of一片(張，塊) a pile of一堆短語a pair (piece)of復數(shù)名詞作主語時，中心詞是pair(piece)(pieces)，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若短語是two pairs (pieces)of復數(shù)名詞作主語，則中心詞是two pairs (pieces)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。3可數(shù)與不可數(shù)易混歸納exercise(鍛煉)some exercises(練習，訓練)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)a paper(報紙，證件，試卷)wood(木頭，木材)a wood(小樹林)room(空間)a room(房間)life(生活)seven lives(七條生命)【考點搶測】一、單項選擇( A )1.(2016石家莊43中模擬)It is _ to cycle around Guilin.Agreat fun Ba funCa great fun Da great funny( B )2.To tell you the_，not only you but also he has given away all the pocket money to Project Hope.Awish BtruthCsecret Dadvice( A )3.(2016邯鄲一模)Yesterday we were surprised at such good _Anews BideaCsuggestion Danswer( D )4.(2016石家莊18縣市大聯(lián)考)The bus is so crowded that we cant find any _ for any more people.Aplace BroomsCarea Droom( A )5.(2016路南區(qū)二模)Mr.White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.Aflowers BgrassCvillages Dwater二、連詞成句6(2016石家莊9年級質(zhì)檢二)like，you，reading，do，book_Do_you_like_reading_books_？7(2016路南區(qū)升學質(zhì)檢一)much，potato，are，how，these_How_much_are_these_potatoes_？8(2016河北中考一模)red，are，box，where，those_Where_are_those_red_boxes_？9(2016海港區(qū)升學一模)you，book，why，more，dont，read_Why_dont_you_read_more_books_？10(2016路南區(qū)9年級二模)box，knife，there，two，in，are，the_There_are_two_knives_in_the_box_ 名詞所有格【滿分點撥】一、含有and的所有格1用and連接兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞表示兩人共同擁有某物，這時只在最后一個名詞后加s，用A and Bs表示。如：Mrs. King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母親。2用and連接兩個并列名詞，表示分別擁有各自的物品時，兩個名詞都在詞尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：There are Toms and Marys bags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。二、雙重所有格兩種形式：1of名詞所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一個朋友。2of名詞性物主代詞。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一個女兒嗎？ 【考點搶測】一、單項選擇( B )1.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours BhoursChours Dhour( A )2.(2015石家莊41中模擬)On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centersDcitiess center( B )3.(2015石家莊28中模擬)Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you Da friend of yours二、連詞成句4(2016邯鄲升學二模)Linda，my，name，friend，is_My_friends_name_is_Linda_三、用所給單詞的適當形式填空。5When is _Childrens_ (child)Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.,河北中考考點精練( A )1.(2016黑龍江中考改編)The Belt and Road Initiative(一帶一路倡議)will help China improve_with those related countries，especially Pakistan.Arelationship BagreementCenvironment Ddevelopment( D )2.(2016連云港中考)Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.Yes，its a major way of_for them.Asuggestion BvacationCproduction Dcommunication( D )3.(2016咸寧中考)Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her_of anemisinin(青蒿素)And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.Adesign BthoughtCinvention Ddiscovery( C )4.(2016咸寧中考)Michael，how much do you know about_？People usually eat rice dumplings to remember Qu Yuan.Athe MidAutumn FestivalBthe Spring FestivalCthe Dragon Boat FestivalDthe Lantern Festival( C )5.(2016鹽城中考)Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your_，you must keep moving.Apromise BpositionCbalance Dability( C )6.(2016永州中考)I think eating_is good for health.Atomatos BbananaesCeggs Dmilk( A )7.(2016西寧中考)A smartphone makes a big_to our life.Adifference BdecisionCprogress Dprediction( A )8.(2016泰州中考)What_will you get after winning the competition in the program Stay to the end(一站到底)?A free trip to Bali Island.Aaward BattentionCadvice Dability( A )9.(2015涼山中考)_fathers didnt come to the meeting.Why? Because they ha