助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.pptVIP

1,Model Verb,2,定義,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動(dòng)詞原形及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)一起使用，給謂語動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞原形。,注意,3,分類：,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類：,只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must, can(could), may(might), ought to,可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need, dare,可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞：shall (should), will (would),具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征：have (had, has) to, used to,4,位置:,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前, 謂語動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞,則在助動(dòng)詞之前,疑問句中, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則在主語之前。,I can see you. Come here. 我能看見你，過來吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能幫你嗎？ How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那樣對(duì)待我們！,5,特點(diǎn):,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 “not“。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｇ閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,He could be here soon. 他很快就來。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?6,The basic uses of Modal Verbs,7,一、 can, could,1) 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。,Can you lift this heavy box?（體力） Mary can speak three languages.（知識(shí)） Can you skate?（技能）,此時(shí)可用be able to代替。（考點(diǎn)一）：Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.,當(dāng)表示（考點(diǎn)二）“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to，不能用Can。 如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.,8,一、 can, could,2) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。,-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant.,此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。,- Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) (考點(diǎn)),9,一、 can, could,3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。,Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.,4) 表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。,Can this be true? This cant be done by him. 對(duì)比：This must be done by him. How can this be true?,10,1. Can,Could 過去式；語氣更委婉,Can 表示習(xí)慣能力，而be able to表示經(jīng)過那里而做成了某事。 2. 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。,1.在否定、疑問句中表示“對(duì)過去發(fā)生行為的可能性猜測(cè)。 2. 在肯定句中表示“本來可以做而未做”,The door was lacked. She couldnt have been at home.（推測(cè)：） You could have been more careful.（但實(shí)事上沒有更細(xì)致）,11,二、 may, might,1) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時(shí)可用（考點(diǎn)一）cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。,-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ),用May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在口語中更常見。,12,二、 may, might,2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed!,3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問句）。 might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth.,13,1. May,Might 過去式；語氣更委婉,1.在否定、肯定句中表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的推測(cè) “也許是” 2. Might+have+p.p表示虛擬，表“勸告、責(zé)備之意?！?Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.,Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday.（委婉推測(cè)） 2. You might have told me earlier.（你或許可以早點(diǎn)告訴我，但實(shí)事上沒有，有責(zé)備之意）,14,三、 must, have to,1) 表示必須、必要。,You must come in time. 在回答引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的，(考點(diǎn)一)不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.,- Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt.,15,三、 must, have to,2) must是說話人的主觀看法， 而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。,He play isnt interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.,3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）,Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.,16,1. Must,表示肯定的猜測(cè),但只用于肯定句， 而mustnt 表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”,Must表示主觀 Have to表示客觀需求 Have got to 多見于口語,3. must + have +p.p,對(duì)過去事情的肯定猜測(cè)。,Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.,17,四、 shall, should,1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見。,What shall we do this evening? Shall we go there by bus?,2) shall 用于 (考點(diǎn)一) 第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have me the book when I finish it.(允諾) 3. He shall be punished.(威脅),18,1、Shall /should,shall/should + have +p.p ought to,表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。,should 過去式 語氣更委婉,Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.,2、,2、,19,五、 will, would,1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉,Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?,2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad.,20,五、 will, would,3) would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒有 (考點(diǎn)) “現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。,1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal治愈 . 創(chuàng)傷難以愈合 Would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。（考點(diǎn)）He used to be a worker.,4) 表示估計(jì)和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.,21,Will/ would,1、Would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。,2、used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。 Eg. He used to be a worker.,22,used to和would的區(qū)別,1. 都可以表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣，used to 含有“過去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的意思；而would則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和often, everyday等連用。,He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）,He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而現(xiàn)在不散步了）,23,1. She isnt what she used to be. 她跟過去不一樣了。 （表示對(duì)比，不可用would）,2. There used to be a park. 以前這里有一個(gè)公園。 表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不可用would。,2.不能用would的情況,24,六、 dare, need,1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。,How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.,2) need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。,1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.,25,3) dare和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。,1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today.,26,1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定、疑問句；條件從句中。 Eg. 1. Dare you go here alone? 2. How dare you do such follish things? 3. I wont allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.,Dare / dared,2 、做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后加不定式。 eg. I have never dared to tell him about it.,27,Need /needed,1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定句，疑問句。,2、實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用法似dare,后加不定式。,3、need + not + have +p.p 表示“本來不需要做而做了。,28,可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形),行為動(dòng)詞,.,need,dare,1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用;,3.常以neednt和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過去時(shí)dared.,多用于肯定句; need to do dare to do need to be done need doing,29,How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,30,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes needed be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully.,31,七、 should, ought to,1) should, ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。,1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.,2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。,1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window?.,32,七、 should, ought to,3) 表示推測(cè)should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè))。,1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄),33,Ought to,1、其否定式為ought not to,2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本來應(yīng)該做而沒有做到。 ought + not+ to have + p.p 表示本不來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際已做到,You ought to have come here early. You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.,34,一，常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might ,must, shall, should, will, would, need, have to等 二，常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義及用法,1.can/could_ _ _ _cant/couldnt_ _ _ _ 2.may/might_ _.may not_ 3.must_ _ 4.mustnt_ 5.neednt_ 6.have to_ _dont have to_ 7.will/would_ _ _ _ 8.should_shouldnt_ 9.May?的疑問句中否定回答用_或_ 10.Must?的疑問句中否定回答用_或_ 11.請(qǐng)你好嗎？用句型: _ 12. Shall I/we? 表示 13.需要干某事_ _,能 會(huì) 可能 可以,不能 不會(huì) 不可能 不可以,可以 可能,可能不,必須 一定,不可以,不需要,不得不 必須,不需要,將 會(huì) 愿 要,應(yīng)當(dāng),不應(yīng)當(dāng),mustnt,cant,neednt,dont have to,Will / Would /could you (please)?,我/我們好嗎？,need do sth need to do sth,14.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟_,動(dòng)詞原形,35,三點(diǎn)說明,1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + v 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)韯?dòng)作的猜測(cè)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + p.p表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的猜測(cè)。,2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧， 語氣更為委婉。,3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I handin the book now? Need I finish it now?,36,典型錯(cuò)誤,1. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( ),cant,2. You might leave the bag on the bag. ( ),might have left,3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( ),didnt you,4. Li ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( ),hasnt he,37,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 完成式動(dòng)詞 (指過去的動(dòng)作或情況) 1.may / might have done sth. 可能做過(了)某事 2. cant / couldnt have done sth. 不可能做了某事 3.must have done sth. 準(zhǔn)是做了某事 4. neednt have done sth. 本不必做某事(實(shí)際上已做) 5.could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (實(shí)際上沒做) 6.should have done sth. 本應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上沒做) 7.ought to have done sth. 本應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上沒做) 8.shouldnt have done sth. 本不應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上已做) 9.oughtnt to have done sth. 本不應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上已做),38,You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 2. He cant have been to that town. 3. Can he have got the book?,He may not have finished the work . If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.,You must have seen the film Titanic. He must have been to Shanghai.,（虛擬語氣）,（推測(cè)）,（推測(cè)）,他可能沒有做完那項(xiàng)工作,(條件虛擬） （我們也許會(huì)到的更早些）,（推測(cè)）,39,He should have finished the work by now。,You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.) She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape測(cè)尺 , for I wanted to use it.,You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.,40,表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 can / could 只能表示現(xiàn)在或過去的能力。 *was / were able to : “設(shè)法做成某事” 相當(dāng)于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。,1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。,41,1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not,2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,A,D,42,3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. can B. could C. may D. be able to 4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to,D,A,43,表示許可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比較委婉, 一般多用于疑問句. * can, may 表達(dá)的語言比較隨便. * 在以could, might 表示征詢對(duì)方意見 或表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用can, may.,44, Can/May/Could I use your pen?,肯定簡(jiǎn)略回答： Yes, you can/may. Yes, please.,否定簡(jiǎn)略回答： No, you mustnt. Please dont. No, you may not.,45,5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can,C,A,46,2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法: 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)之一,mustnt neednt cant may not shouldnt,不準(zhǔn), 禁止 沒必要 ( = dont have to ) 不能; 不可能 不可以; 可能不 不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to ),47,7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt,C,B,48,9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont,B,C,49,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：shall, will 的多種意義:,shall / will+ 動(dòng)詞原形:,* shall 可表示必須、命令、 警告或征詢意見.,* will 可表示意愿、常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、在疑問句 中表示請(qǐng)求和建議.,* 均可表示將來。 過去時(shí)為 should, would.,3.,50,shall用在主語是第一和第三人稱的疑問句中表示征求對(duì)方的允諾；,Shall I open the window? Shall he come in or wait outside?,will用在主語是第二人稱的疑問句中,表示“請(qǐng)求”,Would you pass the salt, please? Will you please pass the salt?,will用于主語是各人稱的陳述句中,表示“意愿、傾向” -The phone is ringing. - Ill get it.,51,“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,52,11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服從, 就要受到懲罰. 12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你讓我說話, 我們根本就不會(huì)吵架. 13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could,shall,will,B,53,14. The door _ open. 這門經(jīng)常打不開. 15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would 16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把這本書給你.,wont,D,shall,54,4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語的使用:,would like to do would rather do would rather + sb.+ did sth. would prefer to do. had better do.,55,改錯(cuò): 1. Would you like having some tea? 2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening. 3. Id rather you to go to the meeting. 4. He would rather to die than to give in. 5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.,Would you like to have some tea?,Id prefer to go to ., you went to .,He would rather die than give in.,Youd better have .,56,5.表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.,1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here. 2. He must have known what we wanted. 3. We may have read the same report. 4. He cant have slept through all that noise. 5. Theres someone outside-who can it be? 6. What can they be doing? 7. These pills might help to cure your disease. 8. You could be right, I suppose.,57,表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.,肯定的推測(cè) 可能的推測(cè) 否定的推測(cè) 疑問的推測(cè),must,對(duì)將來 對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過去,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,may, might could,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done 常見must be + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,58,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can，could，may，might都可用來表示推測(cè),1. must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為“一定”。,2. can和could主要用于否定句和疑問句中 ，cant或couldnt 表示“不可能”,3. may 和 might表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，主要用于肯定句中，might相對(duì)于may 來說，表示的可能性更小一些。,注意：,1). 表示猜測(cè)，can/could一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。,如：Anybody can make mistakes,59,如：(正) Can Could it be cloudy tomorrow ？ (誤) May Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？,1. Mary _ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago Amustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmay not,2. Peter come with us tonight，but he isnt very sure yet Amust Bmay Ccan Dwill,2)may和might都不用于疑問句中。,60,3. Are you coming to Jeffs party Im not sure I go to the concert instead Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight,4. It _ last night，for the ground was wet this morning Amust have rained Bmay have rained Cmust rain Dmight rain,61,should也可以用來表示“推測(cè)”，意為“可能；該”, 相當(dāng)于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對(duì)現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進(jìn)行描述，語氣上不如must強(qiáng)。,1. Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad toHe never refused our request Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould,62,2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed,3. Its nearly seven oclockJack _ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan,63,解答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的試題時(shí)，一要清楚被猜測(cè)的時(shí)間，二要清楚有無客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)。若有客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，則無論是肯定還是否定的猜測(cè)，猜測(cè)語氣最強(qiáng)且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案；若無客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，純憑主觀臆斷則猜測(cè)語氣最弱且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)時(shí)語氣從強(qiáng)到弱的順序是：must，should，can，may，could，might。,64,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許, 非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不在家） He may not be at home. （比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家） He isnt at home.（事實(shí)）,65,1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,B,D,B,66,4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can,D,D,6