高中英語(yǔ)高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)u(píng)nit2gramma.ppt

,Unit 2 News media,Learning Aims: 1. To learn the ed form used as Attribute and Predicative,更多資源,Filling the blanks with proper words and phrases:,Which of the news media above is the most _ (最可靠)? 2. 那個(gè)人被解雇了。_ 3. The man _ _(面對(duì)困難). 4. The temperature has _ _(上升). 5. These houses (were) _ _(燒毀) by the enemy. 6. A library is _ _ (不僅僅)just a place where books are stored. 7. 作出明智的決定 _ 8. I think we may _ these two accident _ (把與聯(lián)系起來(lái)) his carelessness.,reliable,The man was fired.,faces,difficulties,gone,up,burned,down,more,than,make informed decisions,relate,to,10. 轉(zhuǎn)換角色 _,switch roles,就這(那)一次 _,11. They were crying _ _ (而不是) singing. 12. 闡述故事情節(jié) _ 13. Mr. John _ _ _(頒獎(jiǎng)) at the meeting. Mirrors _ (反射) light. 讀關(guān)于 的文章, 獲悉 _ Many students _ _ _ (沉溺于) computer games. 苦于,患病 _ 對(duì) 加以注意, 把注意力吸引到上來(lái) _ 19. The problem is beyond my _(理解力). 20. 在各方面,到處 _,rather,than,develop the story,presented,the,prizes,reflect,read about,are,addicted,to,suffer from,draw/ attract/ catch (ones) attention to,understanding,on all sides,REVISION,China is a developing country belonging to the Third World .,一)作定語(yǔ),單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的前面 -ing分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。,唱歌的男孩 在酒吧里唱歌的男孩,a singing boy,a boy singing in the bar,站在門(mén)邊的同志是誰(shuí)？ 1.Who is the comrade standing by the door? Who is the comrade that is standing by the door ? 他們住在一所朝南的房子里 2.They lived in a house facing south They lived in a house which is facing south .,2.作定語(yǔ),A,過(guò)去 分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作以完成。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 所以A是正確的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,高考題,二) 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：,-ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find 等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)， 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下車(chē)的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來(lái)。 Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。,感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞 have、keep 、 leave、 make、 （四讓 ） look at、see、watch、（三看） hear、listen to、（兩聽(tīng)） find catch 、（兩發(fā)現(xiàn)） notice 、（一注意） feel、(一感覺(jué)）,上面這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 這時(shí)，-ing分詞可看成是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 Jily was never heard singing that song again. 人們?cè)僖矝](méi)有聽(tīng)到吉麗唱這首歌了。,作 狀 語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨（方式）等。,Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（時(shí)間）,Being ill, he went home. （原因）,European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98)（結(jié)果）,He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴隨）,Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(條件）,-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式（以do為例）：,doing,being done,having done,having been done,2. -ing分詞的一般式和完成式：,-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作； 完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,They talked about the life of university ,sitting on the ground 。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因?yàn)闆](méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。,同時(shí),之前,-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。,3. -ing分詞的被動(dòng)式：,-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的 承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， -ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有： 一般被動(dòng)式(being done) 完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)。如：,The question being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問(wèn)題很重要。 2Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老師批評(píng)以后，他把煙戒了。,grammar,Learning Aims,1.Review the words appearing in this unit . 2.Learn and master the use of the Past Participle as Attribute and Predicative. 3.Do some exercises for further understanding.,The Past Participle: 過(guò)去分詞,Form:,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞-v-ed,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,Function:,1.作定語(yǔ)(Attribute) 2.作表語(yǔ)(Predicative),一般來(lái)說(shuō),過(guò)去分詞含有“完成”或“被動(dòng)”的雙重意義.,B.被動(dòng)意義 An honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人,A.完成意義 A retired teacher 一位退休的教師,Meaning:,Past Participle as Attribute:,1.單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ), 一般放在名詞的前面.,注意點(diǎn): 過(guò)去分詞修飾something,nothing,somebody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí),要放在這些詞的后面.,fallen leaves a risen sun已升起的太陽(yáng) boiled water a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯,1. He is one of those invited. 2. nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.,the changing world the changed world boiling water boiled water fading flowers faded flowers a developingcountry a developed country,（正在變化的）（變化了的）,（正在沸騰的）（已經(jīng)沸騰過(guò)的）,(正在凋謝的) (已經(jīng)凋謝的）,(發(fā)展中的) (發(fā)達(dá)的）,in the given time with the words given a wanted person workers wanted a concerned look the people concerned,在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi),用所給的單詞,被通緝的人,招聘工人,關(guān)切的神情,有關(guān)人士,有些過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)意義不同.,Past Participle as Attribute:,2.如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),要放在名詞的后面, 其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.,We lived in the house built by my father.,We lived in the house which was built by my father.,過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。,The stolen bike belongs to Jack.,The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack.,The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.,The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.,過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：,1 語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng) 注：不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只有“完成”含義，而不表示被動(dòng),an inspiring speech,the inspired audience,鼓舞人心的演說(shuō),受到鼓舞的觀眾,The falling leaves the fallen leaves,落葉（正往下落的）,落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）,2 時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，多表示“動(dòng)作正在 進(jìn)行”或“與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于位于動(dòng)詞表 示的動(dòng)作” 或“ 沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性”,1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree? 2.The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone. 3.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond. 4. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.,lying,selling,brought,respected,3 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 (being done)都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè) 完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.,the problem discussed yesterday The problem being discussed,4. 過(guò)去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式 （having been done）都表示“完成”和“被動(dòng)”，但前者 的時(shí)間性不變，而后者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作明顯先于 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。,1.He is a teacher _(respect) by all. 2. _(tell)to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to returned to his village.,respected,Having been told,PRACTISING,The telegram that was sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandmas death. 2. Lets try the bookstore that was opened last month. 3. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.,The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandmas death.,Lets try the bookstore opened last month.,Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they like it.,4. The three guns, which had been stolen from the police station, were found in the house. 5. I dont like going to supermarkets that located in the center of the town.,The three guns, stolen from the police station, were found in the house.,I dont like going to supermarkets located in the center of the town.,Past Participle as Predicative:,過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ), 無(wú)“被動(dòng)”的意思,只是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等,結(jié)構(gòu)為:,be feel/look /seem /get/ become,+done,常見(jiàn)作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：,amazed, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, satisfied, surprised等。,For example She looked worried. I am interested in the book. He was lost in thought. The door remained locked.,(1)He looked worried after reading the letter. when we heard of it, we were deeply moved.,(2)The glass is broken. The glass is broken by Tom last night.,(表示狀態(tài)),(表示動(dòng)作),注: 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一談.,(1)用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞,主要表示一種狀態(tài), 此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞.,(2)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞,句子的主語(yǔ)是 動(dòng)作的承受者,后常跟by短語(yǔ).,有的已成為固定搭配 ： be covered with be lost in thought be caught in the rain be separated from be interested in,被覆蓋 陷入沉思 被雨淋 從分離 對(duì)感興趣,區(qū)別,2)、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別； V-ing一般表主動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特性，“令人” 主語(yǔ)多為物 PP主語(yǔ)的感受或狀態(tài)，“感到” 主語(yǔ)多為人 EG： How disappointed he felt at the result of the election (他感到失望） How disappointing he is.He should not have failed in such an election (他令人失望）,interesting interested exciting excited delighting delighted disappointing disappointed encouraging encouraged pleasing pleased satisfying satisfied puzzling puzzled surprising surprised worrying worried,使人感興趣的 感興趣的 令人激動(dòng)的 感到激動(dòng)的 令人高興的 感到高興的 令人失望的 感到失望的 令人鼓舞的 感到鼓舞的 令人愉快的 感到愉快的 令人滿意的 感到滿意的 令人費(fèi)解的 感到費(fèi)解的 令人驚異的 感到驚異的 令人擔(dān)心的 感到擔(dān)心的,在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致, 但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ), 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:,獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu),獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況, 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等, 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴隨情況) The shower being over, we continued to march. (時(shí)間) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. (條件) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The composition written, he handed it to the teacher.,CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER,Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices . ( NMET 2002 ) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .( NMET 94) Having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,過(guò)去分詞的否定形式：not done,3.思考： _ in the country, he found everything in the countryside interesting. Not bringing up Not brought up C. Being not brought up D. Having not brought up,2.作定語(yǔ),例2 NMET1997第17題,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing,differences:,A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then prepares questions. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?,過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)完成的被動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,Grammar,exercises in the book,P.13 Ex.1,Past Participle used as Attribute: experienced informed talented organized stolen addicted printed,Past Participle used as Predicative: needed respected tolerated,P.14 Ex. 2,informed decisions = decisions that are based on information talented journalists = journalists who are talented an organized way = a way which is organized stolen cultural relics = cultural relics that were stolen,P.14 Ex. 3,The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandmas death. Lets try the bookstore opened last month. Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. The three guns stolen from the police stations were found in the house. I dont like going to supermarkets located in the centre of the town.,Excises 4 on P. 14,The three injured students were sent to hospital. Some used textbooks were given to the students in the countryside. 3. Tom cant go to school because of his broken leg. 4. The published novel is a best-seller. 5. The newly built research center is very beautiful.,P.91 Ex. 2,The man who is disturbing the other workers is called James Smith. - James is disturbing the others. The man who is being disturbed by the other workers is called James Smith. - The others are disturbing James.,2. The teenagers who were discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children. The teenagers were on TV. The teenagers who were being discussed on TV talk show were all school children. - People on TV are talking about the teenagers.,3. The driver who informed us of the accident quit his job a week later. The driver told us the accident. The driver who was informed of the accident quit his job a week later. - Someone told the driver about the accident.,4. I had already met the man who interviewed me before I came here. The man is the person who asked me questions. I had already met the man who was interviewed by the boss before I came here. - The man is the person who answered the bosss questions.,5. Do you happen to know the host who is presenting the professor? The host is the person who tells people about the professor. Do you happen to know the host who is being present