完形5 議論文類完形填空解題指導(dǎo)與訓(xùn)練3P

議論文類完形填空解題指導(dǎo)與訓(xùn)練資料來源：廣東教育高中2008年第12期佛山市南海區(qū)石門中學(xué)獅山校區(qū)謝期繁一、文章特點(diǎn)議論文是一種通過“剖析事物，論述事理，提出主張，發(fā)表見解”的文體。議論文的三要素是論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對(duì)象）、論據(jù)（用來證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過程與方法）。高考議論型短文分為兩種，一種是夾敘夾議型短文；另一種是純議論型短文。第一種的基本模式是：敘述事件，提出感悟，作出結(jié)論。第二種的基本模式是：提出問題分析問題解決問題。純議論型短文有以下特點(diǎn)：(1)鮮明的觀點(diǎn)。一開始就旗幟鮮明，挑明主題(thesis)，一般來說每一段的第一句一般都是top sentence，然后再逐步展開。(2)合理的論證。提出相關(guān)的理由來有力地支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。這些理由旨在回答一個(gè)基本問題，即：Why do you think so?提倡引用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字和事例來作證。(3)推理的條理性和邏輯性。有時(shí)會(huì)較多地使用這類性質(zhì)的過渡詞和連接詞。二、解題技巧根據(jù)議論文的文體特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮使用以下技巧：技巧一：關(guān)注文段首句，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意。通過理解文章的首句，我們可以明確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，預(yù)測(cè)全文內(nèi)容。通過理解段落的首句，也可明確每段的大意。技巧二：根據(jù)前后語境，上下聯(lián)系。有時(shí)只需從空格所在的句子的上文或下文考慮；有時(shí)需要從空格所在句子的前后2-3句考慮；還有的可能要從整個(gè)段落或整篇文章給予考慮，才可選出正確選項(xiàng)。上下文提供的信息對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系以及詞語的重復(fù)使用，對(duì)解答完形填空也非常有用。對(duì)于文中生詞的處理，有的可以通過句法分析判斷詞性，根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)其大意；對(duì)不影響文章理解和解題的生詞可以跳過不管。技巧三：根據(jù)詞語辨析，挑選答案。理解句子含義，判斷句義關(guān)系，從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮，把握整體意思，尋找答題線索。三、實(shí)例分析閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Why is it that we tend to value relationships more once theyve ended? Is it simply human nature to _ 21 _ the smile of someone close, the friendship of a relative, and the concern of a neighbor? At the moment, we think that these people will be _ 22 _ forever.Most of us never stop to imagine all those who have a deep impact on our lives. Its so easy to justify this _ 23 _ attitude by saying we are too busy, too tired, too involved with work, too concerned about money, and the list of _ 24 _ goes on and on. So _ 25 _ a friendship may be put off for one day, and then another. Before long, feelings have _ 26 _, and there is less encouraging to get together. Usually, something _ 27 _ must happen to change this indifference and stop one leading a routine existence. Perhaps its something shocking, like a death, a divorce, sudden illness, an accident - something stunning to force taking notice. Then comes the guilt, the _ 28 _ of feelings, the sadness of loss. We _ 29 _ to have those precious moments once again, to share and express our feelings. Instead of waiting for an excuse, why not take the action, and spend quality time with the people you _ 30 _. Let them know how really important they are.21. A. take into consideration B. take for granted C. take after D. take care of 22. A. around B. out C. over D. deep23. A. thoughtful B. serious C. irresponsibleD. casual24. A. causes B. reasons C. excuses D. thoughts 25. A. making B. enjoying C. creating D. imagining 26. A. increased B. faded C. strengthened D. disappeared 27. A. dramatic B. terrified C. precious D. impressive28. A. re-amusement B. re-comment C. re-assessment D. re-encouragement 29. A. tend B. long C. pretend D. hesitate30. A. encourage B. appreciate C. noticed D. value答案與分析：本文是一篇純議論型短文，講述的是我們應(yīng)該珍惜人與人之間的各種關(guān)系、友誼不要等到失去了才知道珍惜。文章結(jié)構(gòu)是：提出問題分析問題解決問題。文章的首句通過一個(gè)反問句來提出問題：我們要到失去了才知道珍惜人與人之間的各種關(guān)系？文章的第二和第三段開始分析了為什么我們不去珍惜維系這些友誼的原因，即：Why do you think so?最后一段是解決問題：我們應(yīng)該多花時(shí)間去珍惜應(yīng)該珍惜之人。第2122題可結(jié)合首句選出正確答案。本文首句不設(shè)空，通過一個(gè)反問句來提出問題：為什么我們要等到失去了才知道珍惜人與人之間的各種關(guān)系？由此句可以推斷出21和22題的答案。21題，本句也是一個(gè)反問句，與首句相呼應(yīng)。句意為：我們不要想當(dāng)然（take for granted）地認(rèn)為好友的微笑、親戚的友誼和鄰居的關(guān)心是人的自然本性。故選B。22題，句意是“此時(shí)我們會(huì)認(rèn)為這些人永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)在我們身旁(will be around forever)”，故選A。第2326題由第二段的第一句推斷出來。該句大意為“大部分人都不會(huì)停下自己的事情去想象（注意stop to do的用法）對(duì)我們有著深遠(yuǎn)影響的人”。因此，我們只會(huì)采取敷衍的、隨意的（casual）態(tài)度對(duì)待自己的朋友，并且找到各種借口（excuses）。這樣的話，享受(enjoying)友誼只能一天天地推遲，一直到朋友間的感情慢慢地淡化（faded）。由此得出1326的答案分別是D、B和B。27題根據(jù)后文去推斷。根據(jù)后文its something shocking, like a death, a divorce, sudden illness, an accident。這些事情應(yīng)該是“戲劇性的、出人意料的(dramatic)”，故選A。28題，意外事件的影響是：負(fù)疚感，感情的重新評(píng)估(re-assessment)，失去朋友的悲傷。故選C。29題可根據(jù)詞語辨析選出正確答案。long to do意為“渴望做某事”。30題可根據(jù)議論文結(jié)構(gòu)選擇正確答案。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是：提出問題分析問題解決問題。30題是文章的最后一句，即解決問題：我們不要等候借口，我們要采取行動(dòng)，同自己珍惜（value）的人好好地過高質(zhì)量的生活。與文章的首句相呼應(yīng)。故選D。四、即時(shí)練習(xí)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(1)An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer of his plans to leave the _21_business to live a more leisurely life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. The employer was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but over time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He 22 bad workmanship and used materials of poor quality. It was an _23 way to end a dedicated career.When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to 24 the house. Then he handed the front-door 25 to the carpenter and said, This is your house. my gift to you.The carpenter was 26 !What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so 27 .So it is with us. We build our lives, a day at a time, often putting less than our 28_ into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize we have to live in the house we have built. If we could do it over, we would do it much differently.But, you cannot go back. You are the carpenter. Your 29 , and the choices you make today, help build the house you will live in tomorrow. Therefore, 30 wisely!21. A. baby-sitting B. job-hunting C. house-building D. furniture-repairing22. A. turned to B. gave up C. dedicated to D. got down to 23. A. unacceptable B. unavoidable C. unbelievable D. unsuitable24. A. auction B. inspect C. decorate D. sell 25. A. key B. handle C. lock D. frame 26. A. disappointed B. shocked C. delighted D. bored 27. A. patiently B. carefully C. differently D. beautifully28. A. most B. worst C. farthest D. best 29. A. attitude B. skill C. workmanship D. thought30. A. think B. employ C. retire D. build (2)If a person has no true joy in his heart, he will not find true joy outside though he is in heaven itself, and in the company of angels. Heaven must be 21 right here, right now, within ourselves if we are to experience it ever.A stream extending itself too far into a desert will go dry. Man too dries up 22 , spiritually and emotionally, when he extends himself too far in his search for outward 23 . The wellspring of enjoyment lies in his 24 self. The more truly he lives in himself, the more _25 will his outer life be, also. Mans inner self is the 26 that feeds all his knowing, all that he can enjoy on earth. If he _27 it, all his awareness must wither and die. If one neglects a spring, it may 28 up and stop flowing. You have only to look into the eyes of 29 unaware people, especially as they grow older, to see what has happened to them. It is only by making friends with his inner Self first that he can ever make friends with the 30 .21. A. accompanied B. experienced C. discovered D. experimented22. A. outside B. inside C. deep D. farther23. A. concerns B. cares C. pleasuresD. emotions 24. A. outer B. whole C. old D. inner25. A. rewarding B. desiring C interesting D. challenging26. A. gardener B. master C. spring D. autumn 27. A. dismisses B. admits C. discourages D. neglects28. A. block B. blow C. throw D. lift 29. A. physically B. thoughtfully C. spiritually D. emotionally30. A. lord B. heaven C. angel D. world (3)Desire is one of the great contradictory statements of being human. We find desire both at the heart of our greatest 21 and of our greatest suffering. Sometimes we are empowered and uplifted by our desires, and at other times we feel 22 to them.Our 23 reach down to the very center of our beings, and if we know how to listen, they will tell us important secrets about the 24 parts of ourselves. When we are sincere in seeking to truly know and understand ourselves, our desires give us the 25 to deeper self-knowledge and understanding.When a desire enters our awareness, it usually takes the form of a 26 desire to posses a certain THING, or have a certain SITUATION. For example, we may desire things like money, clothes, a new car, chocolate, etc. We may desire 27 like a romantic relationship, a secure or rewarding job, more free time, or parents who really understand and support us.Our culture has taught us that the way to achieve 28 is by acquiring the things and situations that we desire. However, by the time we reach adulthood, most of us have noticed that new desires 29 as quickly as we satisfy our old ones. We can see that 30 our desires is a journey without an end, and that lasting happiness is not a product of that journey. If we look closely at our desires, we can understand why this is so.21. A. anger B. joy C. wonder D. luck22. A. enslaved B. endangered C. enforced D. enclose23. A. happiness B. sufferings C. desires D. relationships 24. A. separate B. whole C. compared D. hidden25. A. keys B. entrances C. doors D. exits26. A. abstract B. concrete C. single D. unique 27. A. affections B. communications C. creations D. situations28. A. sweetness B. politeness C. happiness D. cleanliness 29. A. arise B. die C. proceed D. occur 30. A. creating B. chasing C. controlling D. obtaining 答案與簡析(1)這是一篇夾敘夾議型的完形填空，文章先敘述一個(gè)小故事：一個(gè)老木匠退休前敷衍所做的房子正是老板要送給他的禮物，然后提出感悟：我們應(yīng)該全神貫注的做好每件事，于人于己。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是：敘述事件，提出感悟，作出結(jié)論。21. C。根據(jù)上文的carpenter以及第二段第一句的build just one more house，可知應(yīng)該用house-building。22. A。根據(jù)前面一句“木匠表面答應(yīng)，可是卻無心建造”可知，木匠想要退休了，沒心思，他求助于(turn to)槽糕的工藝來蒙混過關(guān)。workmanship意為“工藝，手藝，技巧”。23. D。老木匠采取這樣的方式敷衍是不合適的(unsuitable)。24. B。建好房子，老板過來檢查驗(yàn)收(inspect)房子。根據(jù)后文可知老板過來把房子送給木匠，不是來裝修。25. A。根據(jù)后文，把房子送給木匠，因此是給鑰匙給他。26. B。木匠沒有想到，當(dāng)然是震驚（shocked）了。27. C。如果他知道他在建的是屬于自己的房子，他會(huì)用不同的方式，不同的態(tài)度去建。28. D。根據(jù)上文，木匠