書面表達(dá)四過渡詞在書面表達(dá)中的運用.ppt

書面表達(dá)（四） 過渡詞在書面表達(dá)中的運用,英語書面表達(dá)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔（很好）中有這樣的表述：“應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級詞匯所致?！边@就是說，學(xué)生僅運用基礎(chǔ)詞匯和基本句型，并不能體現(xiàn)出較強的語言運用能力，這樣即使表達(dá)中無語法錯誤，也不能得高分；相反，盡管有些許錯誤，但如果目的是在有意識地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯，也不會扣多少分，仍屬最高檔次。 過渡詞在句中是一個獨立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句與句中起一個邏輯意義一致，句子之間連接承上啟下的作用。同時在文章中使用好過渡詞還能提高文章的檔次分，句子顯得邏輯性強，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，也是語言功底好的表現(xiàn)。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。,試比較下面例句： 例1. We must work. We must believe in ourselves. We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves. 例2. I was anxious to leave. I felt that I wasnt able to tell my grandparents that we were safe. On one hand, I was anxious to leave, on the other hand ，I felt that I wasnt able to tell my grandparents that we were safe. 例3. 1) To tell you the truth, life is beautiful. I have no reason to think otherwise. 2) Personally, I dont like this painting.,一些學(xué)生在作文中過多使用簡單句，一篇文章下來竟成了簡單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時，動輒用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet 等非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用不同的過渡詞,不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。,I. 順序過渡詞,1. First, next, then, finally 2. First, second, finally 3. to begin with, next, finally 4. in the beginning, at the beginning 5. in the first place, in the second place, in the third place 6. in the end, at last, finally 7. for one thing, for another 8After that,II. 遞進(jìn)過渡詞,1. besides ,indeed, moreover, furthermore, even , in addition, above all, 2. whats more, worse still, to make things worse, whats worse, even more important, most important 3. at the same time,Practice,1. Never waste anything, but _ never waste time. 任何東西都不可浪費，尤其不可浪費時間。 2. They were brave, and _, they hated violence. 他們很勇敢，而且他們厭惡暴力。 3. It got dark, and _, it began to rain. 天黑了，而更糟的是，開始下雨來。 4. I dont want to go out now, _, Im feeling tired, 我現(xiàn)在不想出去了，而且我還有點疲乏。,5. _, I want to see your pass, too. 除此以外，我還想看你的通行證。 6. _, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. 同時，英式英語和美式英語開始互相借鑒詞匯，最終只有部分詞匯不一樣。 7_, my aim is to provide the best service possible under these difficult circumstances. 此外，我的目標(biāo)是在這樣艱難的情況下盡可能提供更好的服務(wù)。 8 The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, _, there are several self-catering apartments. 旅館本身可以容納80位客人，除此之外，還有幾個可供自己做飯的套房。,III. 轉(zhuǎn)折、對比過渡詞,1. although, though, while, however, yet, nevertheless, but, otherwise, 2. in spite of that, for all that 盡管如此，雖然, on the contrary, in contrast相反，大不相同 , 3. on (the) one hand, on the other hand, instead of, 4. compared to ( with ),practice,1. _, most of the time, people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 但是，大部分時候，來自這兩個國家的人們理解對方是不存在任何困難的。 2. _ there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. 盡管對肢體語言的解釋五花八門，但某些手勢似乎是全球通用的。 3. It is probably better, _, if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet. 不過，如果我們把時間、金錢花費在選擇健康食品和保持平衡飲食上，可能會更好。 4. _ eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more. 不需吃昂貴的食療食品，或者進(jìn)行不健康的節(jié)食，我們只需盡量少吃脂肪和糖，多運動。,5. _, I now feel as if that was when my life really began. 相反，我感覺我的生活好像從現(xiàn)在起才真正的開始。 6. Franklin, _, gives the detective as much assistance as he can. 另一方面，弗蘭克林盡他所能給警探提供幫助。 7. She was very tired, _she kept on working. 她雖然很疲倦，可仍在繼續(xù)工作。 8. _ a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss. 公司的銷售情況雖然稍有改善，但還在虧本。 9. _ his efforts, he didnt succeed. 他雖然很努力，但并沒有成功。,(B) and , but, finally, immediately, now, at first, one day, then, so,The naughty boy in the story “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” has grown up. _he works as a weatherman in his village. _he studied the weather carefully _found that a storm was coming. _, he told all the villagers to prepare for the bad weather, _ no one believed him. _, the weather was fine, _ the villagers said that the young man was lying again. _the weather suddenly changed _a storm wind came. All the villagers tried to save the crops _ it was too late. _, the storm ruined all the crops.,assignment,1. 如何為找工作而去面試。 2. 首先要穿著整潔。 3. 其次要認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備。 4. 也許你沒得到這份工作。 5. 不要灰心，要找出失敗的原因。,5. 電視在日常生活中起著重要作用。 6. 一方面，它讓我們及時了解國內(nèi)外所發(fā)生的一切。 7. 我們可以從電視節(jié)目中學(xué)到很多知識。 8. 另一方面，看電視對健康，尤其對眼睛不好。 9. 有些電視節(jié)目對孩子有不良影響。,原因與結(jié)果過渡詞,1. so, because, because of, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, for, 2. as a result, in consequence, in turn, on account, for the sake of, owing to, due to, thanks to, 3. to ones surprise/pleasure/ astonishment/ sorrow/ amazement/joy, to our regret.,1. _, she found herself in a different world. 2. Some people are over-ambitious. _, they are usually unhappy. 3. _, money isnt everything.,V. 等同過渡詞,1. that is, that is to say 2. similarly, in other words, namely, equally, in the same way, in a word,1. He will leave for New York next Sunday, _, March 23rd. 2. This kind of phone is cordless, _, it has no cords or wires. 3No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. _, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class. 4. The railroad connects two cities, _, New York and Chicago.,VII. 例舉過渡詞,1. for example, take for example, for instance, such as, like, 2. and so on, as follows,1 Some nutrients help build our body and make it stronger. Protein, _, is good for our muscles. 2 Other nutrients, _ fiber and minerals, help keep our body functioning well. 3 _ many people with cancer, he had to be treated with radiation followed by treatment with chemicals. 4. _, th