英語句子通常有兩種語序一種是陳述語序一種是倒裝語序.ppt

倒裝句,英語句子通常有兩種語序：一種是陳述語序，一種是倒裝語序。將謂語的一部分或全部置于主語之前的語序叫做倒裝語序。而倒裝可分為二種：將整個謂語提到主語之前的叫完全倒裝（full inversion）；而只將be 、情態(tài)動詞或者助動詞放在主語之前的叫做部分倒裝（partial inversion）。,1. 在以here、there、now、then等副詞開頭的句子里。,一、完全倒裝,(1) Here is the seat for you. (2) There goes the bell. (3) Now comes your turn. (4) Then followed three days of heavy rain.,2. 在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain、stand等)句型中。,(1) There are at least thousands of people in the square. (2) There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.,3. 在象聲詞或以out、in、up、down、away等副詞開頭的句子里。,(1) Crackle, crackle, crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened. (2) Out rushed the children.,4. 當表示地點的介詞詞組在句首時。,在上述四種句子中，如果主語為人稱代詞，則不需要倒裝。 In he came and back he went again.,(1) At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. (2) The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. (3) East of the lake lie two towns. (4) Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.,二、部分倒裝,(1) Only then did he find it important to get along with others. (2) Only in this way can we make great progress. (3) Only after he came back were you able to see him.,1. Only在句首，修飾副詞，介詞詞組或狀語從句時。,Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts.,以關聯(lián)連詞not only.but also開首的句子或者分句也是如此。,位于句首的only，（包括連詞not only . but also）只修飾（或連接）主語部分，則不引起倒裝。,Only Jack can answer this question.,(1) Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. (2) Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.,2. 當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定含義的詞語時，常見的這類詞或詞語有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,.than, hardly.when, .no.等。,但當否定詞否定主語，否定詞組不含否定含義，或者句首狀語的否定意義已為隨后的另一名詞所抵消，此時則不需要倒裝。,(1) Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced. (2) In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything. (3) Not infrequently they go abroad.,(1) Should I be free this afternoon, I would come and help you with your lesson. (2) Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job. (3) Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.,3. 在省去if的虛擬條件從句中。,Werent it for his wifes money, he would never be a director.,我們可以說Were it not.或者Had it not been.,但不可以說Weren t it. 或者hadnt it been .因此下列句子應視為病句。,(1) So excited was he that he couldnt say a word. (2) To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. (3) In such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down.,4. 在So .that, to such.that 或者in such .that的句型中。,5. 當So位于句首，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人（或物）時。,I trusted him completely. So would anyone who knew him.,在So it is (was)with 的句型或者當So表示“的確如此，確實是這樣”，以示同意和肯定某種說法，或者加以強調(diào)時，常常不引起倒裝。,(1) Jack studies German, but he doesnt study French. So it is with Jim. (2) Its going to be a cold winter. Yes, So the newspaper says. (3) Li Ping studies hard. So he does.,因此我們常常可看到下列這類句子。 You say Tom went to the ball yesterday. So he did, and so did I.,(1)I didnt mean what I said, you know. Neither (Nor) did I. (2) I dont know. Neither (Nor) do I care.,6. 當neither nor位于句首，表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物時；或者表示否定的意義在延伸的時候。,7. 當方式狀語、頻度狀語等提至句首時，有時也可引起部分倒裝。,(1) Well do I remember the day that I saw a terrible accident on that road. (2) Many a time has he given me good advice.,8. 用于“形容詞（或名詞、動詞）”+as(though) 引導的讓步狀語從句中。,Pretty as she is, she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again. Child as he was, he had to make a living. 注：從句的表語是名詞，其名詞前不加任何冠詞,9. 有時為了平衡句子的需要，以避免頭重腳輕之感。,(1) Gone forever are the dark days of the old society. (2) Such are the rewards that always crown virtue. (Shakespeare),在以上各類句型中，如果謂語動詞只有系動詞be，則這類句子應屬于全倒裝。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.,在帶有倒裝句的復合句（或并列句）中，到底應在何處倒裝，不少初學者覺得難以掌握。下面的順口溜可以幫助你較容易地掌握其結構形式。,巧記倒裝句,前倒后不， O，NU主倒從不倒， 2N前倒后也倒， NM前后均不倒,NB代表Not only，but also引導的并列句。 not only位于句首時，所引導的前面的分句倒裝，后面的分句不倒裝。故此稱為“前倒后不倒”。 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship（was taken away）,O代表only狀語從句；NU代表Not until狀語從句。此兩種結構位于句首時，倒裝主句而不倒裝從句，即：“主倒從不倒”。 1）Only when he told me did I know it 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted No soonerthan，HardlyScarcelywhen等句型也屬此類用法。 No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain,2N代表Neithernor所引導的并列句。2N若位于兩分句之首，則前后分句均倒裝。即“前倒后也倒”。 Neither do I know her name，nor does he.,NM即No matter引導的狀語從句。此時前面從句及后面主句均不倒裝。即“前后均不倒”。 No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us,倒裝句中主謂何時不倒裝,1.疑問句中，如果疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，主謂不倒裝。 What happened to her？ How many persons are working in that laboratory？,2.在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語是人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝。 Away he went to the station. Here she comes.,3.如果置于句首的由only引導的詞組不是狀語，而是主語，則主謂不倒裝。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. Only some of the children like English.,4. 如果置于句首的 not onlybut also僅連接作主語的兩個并列詞組，則主語和謂語不倒裝。 Not only men but also women and children are affected by the