lecture2名詞所有格與冠詞.ppt

名詞,單復(fù)數(shù),所有格與冠詞,名詞,名詞的分類：,二.名詞的數(shù)： 規(guī)則變化的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,II不可數(shù)名詞：,1物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。 He prefers coffee to tea. -What would you like to drink? -A coffee, please. Longjing is a famous tea in China. 2.抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。 Failure is the mother of success. As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.,名詞所有格,1、“ ” + S 單數(shù)名詞：在末尾加s the boys father, her son-in-laws photo 復(fù)數(shù)名詞：一般在末尾加 the teachers room, the twins mother 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s the childrens toys, womens rights 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者 Dickens novels, the Smiths house 表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加s 表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加s Jane and Marys father Janes and Marys bikes 表示“某人家”“店鋪”，所有格后名詞省略 the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles,2、of+ 名詞 用于無生命的東西： the legs of the chair=the chairs legs 用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時： the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞： the struggle of the oppressed 3、雙重所有格 a friend of mine the important theory of Einsteins,冠詞,冠詞分為 不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞 I. 不定冠詞的用法： 1. 指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3. 表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4. 表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same We are nearly of an age.,5. 用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識此人或與某名人有類似性 質(zhì)的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6. 用于固定詞組中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7. 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.,II. 定冠詞的用法：,1. 表示某一類人或物 The horse is a useful animal. 2. 用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3. 表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4. 用于樂器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5. 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 the rich, the living, the wounded 6. 表示“一家人”或“夫婦” the Greens, the Wangs,7. 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前 He is the taller of the two children. 8. 用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前 the United States, the Communist Party of China 9. 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個年代 in the 1990s 10. 用于表示單位的名詞前 I hired the car by the hour. 11. 用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前 He patted me on the shoulder.,III. 零冠詞的用法,1. 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名 等名詞前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2. 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this? 3. 季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4. 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America.,5. 學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess. 6. 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land 7. 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork day and night 8. 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Horses are useful animals,名詞模塊,名詞的功能,作主語，賓語，介詞賓語，賓語補助語，表語，定語，名詞狀語。 所有格 主謂一致 冠詞應(yīng)用,1. 吸收營養(yǎng)是食肉者吃肉的主要原因。 2.有氧運動最適合久坐不動的人保持健康。 3.工作和生活的壓力容易導(dǎo)致小毛病。 4. 壓力是你對自認(rèn)為是挑戰(zhàn)或威脅的事情的反應(yīng)。 5.垃圾食品導(dǎo)致“沙發(fā)土豆”數(shù)量不斷增長。,被動吸煙每年造成美國3000到5000名不吸煙者患肺癌死亡。 主格，賓格，所有格 吸煙者的煙癮導(dǎo)致一系列健康問題。 Smokers addiction to cigarettes causes a host of serious health conditions. 素食者的飲食被認(rèn)為比肉食者的健康 Vegetarians diet is believed to be more wholesome than flesh-eaters.,吃肉的習(xí)慣對血液循環(huán)有害。 The habit of eating meat endangers blood circulation. 主謂一致 隨著快餐越來越受歡迎，傳統(tǒng)食品的特色在削弱 As the popularity of fast food increases, the characteristics of traditional food are deteriorating. 看電視以及其他無需運動的娛樂組長了吃零食等不健康飲食習(xí)慣。 Watching TV as well as other non-active recreations encourages snacks and unhealthy eating patterns.,冠詞,年輕人通常做的運動比老年人的運動更需要力氣A young man usually does exercises that need more strength than those of an old man. 超重的青少年有70%的機(jī)會成為超重或肥胖的成年人。 The overweight adolescent has a 70% chance of becoming an overweight or obese adult. 電腦和電腦游戲?qū)е铝撕⒆觽兩顟猩ⅰ?The computer and video games contribute to childrens inactive lifestyles.,以前認(rèn)為窮人不會患有肥胖癥，但現(xiàn)在不那么認(rèn)為了。 The poor used to