語法專題突破(一)主謂一致.ppt

“主謂一致”是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 一般語法書在具體處理一致關(guān)系時(shí)皆要求遵循以下三原則: 語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。,一、謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,A. Twenty years_ (is/are) only a short time in human history. B. Collecting stamps_(are/is)what he likes. C. Whatever was left_(were/was)taken away. D. A pair of shoes _(is/are) left on the table. The kind of paper_ is/are made of straw.,1.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長(zhǎng)度、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。,2.主語從句(除what引導(dǎo)的)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)。,a kind of, a pair of, the number of等作主語時(shí).,一、謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,The United states are/is made up of 50 states. The Times is/are a newspaper for the British government. G. Many a student has/have seen the film. H. More than one student have/has seen the film. I. Each doctor and (each) nurse werewas given a new shirt.,4. 以-S 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，形復(fù)而意單，如表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語時(shí)(news, physics, maths，politics)以及works(工廠)等。,5. many a /more than one / each / every / either / neither做主語時(shí),The steel works isare near the station.,二、謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況,A. The police are/is looking for the missing child. B. The rich are/is not always happy. C. The Whites is/are going to make a trip to London.,1. people , police, cattle 等形單而意復(fù)名詞作主語。,3. the+adj. 表示一類人；the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人做主語時(shí)。,2.一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods， stairs，arms等作主語。,The goods are/is made in China.這些貨物都是中國制造的。,4.由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。,The Himalayas are/is the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。,5.a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞作主語。,A number of other plants were/was found in America. 在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。,large quantities of wate have /has been polluted,The worker and writer are/is from Wuhan. (比較：The worker and the writer is/are from Beijing. ) Bread and butter is/are a daily food in the West. Every desk and every chair are/is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has/have made the same mistake.,三、And連接的并列成分謂語為單數(shù)情況,由and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念或成對(duì)的名詞，如bread and butter，soda and water，coffee and milk，knife and fork等。,2. Everyand every/eachand each/ no and no , many a and many a連接兩個(gè)單數(shù) 名詞作主語。,四、謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定,1. 集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, crowd, audience, public , group, government, majority等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)。,His family isare a great one. His family isare music lovers.,2. “some/any/half / most / enough / part / the rest / 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。,The rest of the students isare watering trees. The rest of the wine hashave gone bad.,3. 定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于其先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。One of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，若one前有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)。,He is one of the few persons who hashave a good knowledge of Italian. He is the only one of the boys who hashave given a prize.,4. what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：what代表單數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，what 代表復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,What we need isare more time. What he needs isare books.,5. all 做主語表示可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示不可數(shù)名詞或抽象概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)則用單數(shù)。,All isare here and all isare ready!,五. 就近一致原則,由or , either or, neithernor, notbut,not onlybut also 等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。,Not only he but also I am is are invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes go with the dress.,但注意：“with / along with / together with / including /but /not / except / like/ as well as / no more than / rather than +名詞”置于主語后，謂語動(dòng)詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。,The teacher with a number of stude