社會(huì)創(chuàng)新與社會(huì)組織發(fā)展.ppt

社會(huì)創(chuàng)新與社會(huì)組織發(fā)展 Social Innovation and Development of NGOs,王 名 Wang Ming,2008.12.4,要 點(diǎn) Outline,社會(huì)改革和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新面臨的問(wèn)題 The problems faced by social reform and social innovation 社會(huì)組織的發(fā)展過(guò)程和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) The development history and trend of NGOs,社會(huì)改革和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新面臨的問(wèn)題 The problems faced by social reform and social innovation,社會(huì)改革的必然性 Inevitability of social reform 社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的基本命題 Basic propositions of social innovation 社會(huì)改革和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新面臨的難題 Difficulties in social reform and social innovation,1.1 社會(huì)改革的必然性 Inevitability of Social Reform,社會(huì)改革 Social reform,Political reform,Economic reform,社會(huì)改革 Social reform,1.2 社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的基本命題 Basic Propositions of Social Innovation,單位體制瓦解 Disintegration of organization system 事業(yè)單位改革 Reform of public institutions 社會(huì)團(tuán)體改革 Reform of social organizations 人民團(tuán)體改革 Reform of peoples groups 后門關(guān)系失靈 Failure of backdoor practices 社會(huì)誠(chéng)信喪失 Loss of social creditability,社會(huì)重組 Social reconstruction 社會(huì)組織發(fā)育 Development of NGOs 社區(qū)建設(shè) Community building 公民參與 Citizens participation,Abolish the old,Establish the new,Abolish the old system of social governance,Abolish the old mode of social organization,Abolish the old form of social capital,Adapt to the development of market economy,Adapt to the orientation of political reform,Adapt to the needs of civil society,1.3 社會(huì)改革和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新面臨的難題 Difficulties in Social Reform and Innovation,舊體制已適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) The old system has already adapted to the market economy,適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的舊體制處于寡頭壟斷地位 The old system that has adapted to the market economy holds an oligarchic position,舊而不破 It is old but hard to be abolished; 新而不立 It is new but hard to be established; 新溶于舊 The new then mixes with the old; 新而無(wú)創(chuàng) Hence no innovation is made,Difficulties in abolishing the old,Difficulties in establishing the new,Difficulties in innovation,社會(huì)組織的發(fā)展過(guò)程和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) Development Process and Trend of NGOs,社會(huì)組織的界定與公民社會(huì)的含義 The definition of NGO and meanings of civil society 中國(guó)社會(huì)組織的發(fā)展歷程 The development history of Chinese NGOs 中國(guó)民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ) The social basis for the growth and development of Chinese NGOs 中國(guó)走向公民社會(huì)的發(fā)展道路 The development path of China toward civil society,一.社會(huì)組織的界定與公民社會(huì)的含義 1. The definition of NGO and Meanings of Civil Society,社會(huì)組織定義 The definition of NGO 社會(huì)組織概念圖示 Illustration of the concept of NGO 社會(huì)組織基本屬性 Basic properties of NGO 社會(huì)組織一般分類 General classification of NGO 公民社會(huì)含義 Meanings of civil society,社會(huì)組織定義 The Definition of NGO,概稱在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中由各個(gè)不同社會(huì)階層的公民自發(fā)成立的、在一定程度上具有非營(yíng)利性、非政府性和社會(huì)性特征的各種組織形式及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)形態(tài)。這些組織中通常包括各種冠以“學(xué)會(huì)”、“研究會(huì)”、“協(xié)會(huì)”、“商會(huì)”、“促進(jìn)會(huì)”、“聯(lián)合會(huì)”等名稱的會(huì)員制組織，以及包括基金會(huì)和各種民辦學(xué)校、民辦醫(yī)院、民辦社會(huì)福利設(shè)施等各類公益服務(wù)實(shí)體在內(nèi)的非會(huì)員制組織。 NGO refers to various organization forms and their networks which are established by various social classes and are non-profit, non-governmental and social to some extent. They include the membership organizations which are titled society, academy, association, chamber of commerce, promotion council or federation and non-membership organizations such as foundations, private schools, private hospitals and private social welfare facilities, etc.,社會(huì)組織概念圖示 Illustration of the Concept of NGO,State,Market,Society,NGO in the broad sense 1 Including: Grassroots community organizations Rural professional cooperatives Registered NPCs Foreign NGCs in China,NGO in the broad sense 2 Including: peoples groups public institutions,NGO in the broad sense 3 Including: Social Enterprises,NGO in the narrow sense Including: social groups Foundations Private non-enterprise organizations Chamber of commerce,社會(huì)組織基本屬性 Basic Properties of NGO,非營(yíng)利性 Non-profit 不分配約束：不得從財(cái)產(chǎn)及運(yùn)作中獲得利益； Non-distribution: obtaining no benefit from assets and operation; 非牟利控制：具備有效規(guī)避較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與較高回報(bào)的自我控制機(jī)制； Non-profit: having self-regulatory mechanism which can avoid relatively high risks and gain relatively high returns effectively; 財(cái)產(chǎn)保全限制：不得以捐贈(zèng)以外的其它方式變更財(cái)產(chǎn)及其產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)。 Asset preservation: prohibited from modifying the assets and ownership structure by other means than donation. 非政府性 Non-governmental 自主、自治和獨(dú)立性，是自主決策、自治管理的獨(dú)立實(shí)體； Self-determined, self-governed and independent: they are independent entities enjoying independent decision-making power and autonomous governance. 民主、公開和社會(huì)性，是民主治理、公開透明的開放組織； Democracy, openness and sociality: they are open, transparent and democratically governed organizations. 非壟斷的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，是追求核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、在市場(chǎng)中優(yōu)勝劣汰的實(shí)力組織。 Non-monopolistic market competitiveness: they are organizations pursuing core competitiveness and subject to the market rule of “survival of the best”. 社會(huì)性 Sociality 資源的社會(huì)性，資源主要來(lái)自社會(huì)，包括募捐、接受捐贈(zèng)、申請(qǐng)資助、收取會(huì)費(fèi)等社會(huì)資源，以及志愿者等人力資源； Sociality of resources: their resources, including such human resources as volunteers, derive mainly from society by way of soliciting donations, accepting donations, applying for funding, collecting membership fees, etc. 產(chǎn)出的社會(huì)性，提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)具有較強(qiáng)的利他或公益導(dǎo)向，其受益對(duì)象或是不特定多數(shù)的社會(huì)成員，或是社會(huì)上的弱勢(shì)群體或邊緣群體； Sociality of output: their products or services are altruistic and non-profit to a very high degree; their beneficiaries are either disadvantaged groups or vulnerable groups. 問(wèn)責(zé)的社會(huì)性，在其運(yùn)作管理的過(guò)程中要受到來(lái)自社會(huì)及公共部門的問(wèn)責(zé)與監(jiān)督。 Sociality of accountability: their operation and management shall be subject to accountability and the supervision of society and the public sector.,社會(huì)組織一般分類 General Classification of NGO,三大類別 Three Types 社會(huì)團(tuán)體：會(huì)員制組織，以人及其社會(huì)關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)； Social Groups: membership organizations based on people and their social relations; 基金會(huì)：非會(huì)員制組織，以捐贈(zèng)及公益財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)； Foundations: non-membership organizations based on donation and public asset relationship; 民辦非企業(yè)單位：實(shí)體服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，直接提供各類社會(huì)服務(wù)。 Private non-enterprise organizations: entity service organizations providing various social services directly. 最新分類及其含義 Latest Classification and Meanings 民政部參考國(guó)際通行統(tǒng)計(jì)分類體系并結(jié)合我國(guó)民間組織發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)，于2006年下半年提出了新的分類體系，并用于三類民間組織的年度檢查工作。 By referring to the internationally accepted statistical classification system and linking with the development features of Chinese NGOs, the Ministry of Civil Affairs set forth in the second half of 2006 a new classification system, which has been applied to the annual inspection of the three types of NGOs.,2007年新分類圖示 Illustration of the New Classification 2007,Sci-tech and research Eco-environment Education Health Social services Culture Sports Law Services for industry and commerce Religion Agriculture and rural development Occupation and employment org. International and foreign-related org. Others,公民社會(huì)的含義 Meanings of Civil Society,在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，各種形式的社會(huì)組織都能夠得到較為充分的發(fā)展，它們作為公民自發(fā)和自主的結(jié)社形式能較容易地獲得合法性支持，作為公民及其群體的社會(huì)表達(dá)形式能多渠道地進(jìn)行溝通、對(duì)話、協(xié)商和博弈，作為公民參與社會(huì)公共事務(wù)的組織制度形式能在公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的條件下得到來(lái)自公共部門的資源；公民及其群體因社會(huì)組織的存在而增加社會(huì)資本，企業(yè)等營(yíng)利組織因社會(huì)組織的存在而富有社會(huì)責(zé)任，黨和政府等公共部門因社會(huì)組織的存在而更加民主、高效和提高問(wèn)責(zé)能力，整個(gè)社會(huì)因社會(huì)組織的存在而富有和諧性、包容性、多樣化和承受力。這樣的一種由社會(huì)組織的充分發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，我們稱之為公民社會(huì)。 In a society, if all types of NGOs can fully develop, can obtain the legal support quite easily as a spontaneous and independent form of association among citizens, can communicate, talk, consult and compete with each other through multiple channels as a form of social expression of citizens and their groups, and can acquire resources from the public sector on fair and competitive conditions as a form of organization through which citizens participate in the public affairs, and if citizens and citizen groups can enjoy more social capital, such commercial organizations as enterprises can be more socially responsible, and such public sector organizations as the Party and government can be more democratic, efficient and can enhance the accountability, and the entire society can be more harmonious, tolerant, diversified and endurable, all due to the existence of NGOs. We call such kind of state of society which come into being with the significant development of NGO a civil society.,二. 社會(huì)組織的發(fā)展歷程 2. Development History of NGO,30年的總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì) Overall development trend in the past 30 years 第一階段：民間組織興起階段 Stage 1: Emergence of NGO 第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮 Stage 2: Regularized management and new development climax of NGO,30年的總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì) Overall Development Trend in the Past 30 Years,Foundations Private non-enterprise organizations Social groups,第一階段：民間組織興起階段 Stage 1: Emergence of NGO,Foundations Associations Societies,第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮 Stage 2: Regularized Management and New Development Climax of Private Organizations,Foundations Associations Societies,三.中國(guó)民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ) 3. Social Basis for the Growth and Development of Chinese NGOs,體制變革：民間組織的發(fā)生學(xué) Institutional change: Generation science of NGO 公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯 Public space: Intrinsic logic of the development of NGO 集體行動(dòng)：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎(chǔ) Collective action: Social class basis for the development of NGO,體制變革：民間組織的發(fā)生學(xué) Institutional Change: Generation Science of NGO,舊體制失靈 Failure of the old system 摸著石頭過(guò)河 Feeling the way,學(xué)會(huì) Societies 研究會(huì) Association 科普協(xié)會(huì) Popular science associations 農(nóng)民專業(yè)研究會(huì) Farmers professional assocaition 農(nóng)村合作基金會(huì) Rural cooperative foundations,Association encouraged,Household contracting,Create extra-system platforms,Let intellectuals play their role,explore extra-system market,Let farmers play their role,公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯 Public Space：Intrinsic Logic of the Development of NGO,從邊緣走向核心 From the margin to the core,從自上而下 到上下結(jié)合 再到自下而上 From top-down To combination of top and bottom To bottom-up,Margin of the market system,Margin of the state system,Social transformation gives birth to an increasingly big public space and needs,集體行動(dòng)：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎(chǔ) Collective Action: Social Class Basis for the Development of NGO,非主流 Non-mainstream,主 流 Mainstream,Stage 1 Civilians,Stage 2 Elites,Intellectuals,farmers,Political elites,Intellectual elites,Economic elites,四.中國(guó)走向公民社會(huì)的發(fā)展道路 4. Development Path of China toward Civil Society,未來(lái)發(fā)展的主要影響因素 Key factors that influence future development 中國(guó)公民社會(huì)的發(fā)展道路 Development path of Chinas Civil Society,未來(lái)發(fā)展的主要影響因素 Key Factors that Influence Future Development,堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)改革 Unswerving advance of reform 持續(xù)穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) Steady and stable economic growth 法律法規(guī)逐步完善 Gradual perfection of laws and regulations 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)走向成熟 Maturity of the mar