社會創(chuàng)新與社會組織發(fā)展.ppt

社會創(chuàng)新與社會組織發(fā)展 Social Innovation and Development of NGOs,王 名 Wang Ming,2008.12.4,要 點 Outline,社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的問題 The problems faced by social reform and social innovation 社會組織的發(fā)展過程和發(fā)展趨勢 The development history and trend of NGOs,社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的問題 The problems faced by social reform and social innovation,社會改革的必然性 Inevitability of social reform 社會創(chuàng)新的基本命題 Basic propositions of social innovation 社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的難題 Difficulties in social reform and social innovation,1.1 社會改革的必然性 Inevitability of Social Reform,社會改革 Social reform,Political reform,Economic reform,社會改革 Social reform,1.2 社會創(chuàng)新的基本命題 Basic Propositions of Social Innovation,單位體制瓦解 Disintegration of organization system 事業(yè)單位改革 Reform of public institutions 社會團體改革 Reform of social organizations 人民團體改革 Reform of peoples groups 后門關系失靈 Failure of backdoor practices 社會誠信喪失 Loss of social creditability,社會重組 Social reconstruction 社會組織發(fā)育 Development of NGOs 社區(qū)建設 Community building 公民參與 Citizens participation,Abolish the old,Establish the new,Abolish the old system of social governance,Abolish the old mode of social organization,Abolish the old form of social capital,Adapt to the development of market economy,Adapt to the orientation of political reform,Adapt to the needs of civil society,1.3 社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的難題 Difficulties in Social Reform and Innovation,舊體制已適應市場經濟 The old system has already adapted to the market economy,適應市場經濟的舊體制處于寡頭壟斷地位 The old system that has adapted to the market economy holds an oligarchic position,舊而不破 It is old but hard to be abolished; 新而不立 It is new but hard to be established; 新溶于舊 The new then mixes with the old; 新而無創(chuàng) Hence no innovation is made,Difficulties in abolishing the old,Difficulties in establishing the new,Difficulties in innovation,社會組織的發(fā)展過程和發(fā)展趨勢 Development Process and Trend of NGOs,社會組織的界定與公民社會的含義 The definition of NGO and meanings of civil society 中國社會組織的發(fā)展歷程 The development history of Chinese NGOs 中國民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會基礎 The social basis for the growth and development of Chinese NGOs 中國走向公民社會的發(fā)展道路 The development path of China toward civil society,一.社會組織的界定與公民社會的含義 1. The definition of NGO and Meanings of Civil Society,社會組織定義 The definition of NGO 社會組織概念圖示 Illustration of the concept of NGO 社會組織基本屬性 Basic properties of NGO 社會組織一般分類 General classification of NGO 公民社會含義 Meanings of civil society,社會組織定義 The Definition of NGO,概稱在社會轉型過程中由各個不同社會階層的公民自發(fā)成立的、在一定程度上具有非營利性、非政府性和社會性特征的各種組織形式及其網絡形態(tài)。這些組織中通常包括各種冠以“學會”、“研究會”、“協(xié)會”、“商會”、“促進會”、“聯合會”等名稱的會員制組織，以及包括基金會和各種民辦學校、民辦醫(yī)院、民辦社會福利設施等各類公益服務實體在內的非會員制組織。 NGO refers to various organization forms and their networks which are established by various social classes and are non-profit, non-governmental and social to some extent. They include the membership organizations which are titled society, academy, association, chamber of commerce, promotion council or federation and non-membership organizations such as foundations, private schools, private hospitals and private social welfare facilities, etc.,社會組織概念圖示 Illustration of the Concept of NGO,State,Market,Society,NGO in the broad sense 1 Including: Grassroots community organizations Rural professional cooperatives Registered NPCs Foreign NGCs in China,NGO in the broad sense 2 Including: peoples groups public institutions,NGO in the broad sense 3 Including: Social Enterprises,NGO in the narrow sense Including: social groups Foundations Private non-enterprise organizations Chamber of commerce,社會組織基本屬性 Basic Properties of NGO,非營利性 Non-profit 不分配約束：不得從財產及運作中獲得利益； Non-distribution: obtaining no benefit from assets and operation; 非牟利控制：具備有效規(guī)避較高風險與較高回報的自我控制機制； Non-profit: having self-regulatory mechanism which can avoid relatively high risks and gain relatively high returns effectively; 財產保全限制：不得以捐贈以外的其它方式變更財產及其產權結構。 Asset preservation: prohibited from modifying the assets and ownership structure by other means than donation. 非政府性 Non-governmental 自主、自治和獨立性，是自主決策、自治管理的獨立實體； Self-determined, self-governed and independent: they are independent entities enjoying independent decision-making power and autonomous governance. 民主、公開和社會性，是民主治理、公開透明的開放組織； Democracy, openness and sociality: they are open, transparent and democratically governed organizations. 非壟斷的市場競爭性，是追求核心競爭力、在市場中優(yōu)勝劣汰的實力組織。 Non-monopolistic market competitiveness: they are organizations pursuing core competitiveness and subject to the market rule of “survival of the best”. 社會性 Sociality 資源的社會性，資源主要來自社會，包括募捐、接受捐贈、申請資助、收取會費等社會資源，以及志愿者等人力資源； Sociality of resources: their resources, including such human resources as volunteers, derive mainly from society by way of soliciting donations, accepting donations, applying for funding, collecting membership fees, etc. 產出的社會性，提供的產品或服務具有較強的利他或公益導向，其受益對象或是不特定多數的社會成員，或是社會上的弱勢群體或邊緣群體； Sociality of output: their products or services are altruistic and non-profit to a very high degree; their beneficiaries are either disadvantaged groups or vulnerable groups. 問責的社會性，在其運作管理的過程中要受到來自社會及公共部門的問責與監(jiān)督。 Sociality of accountability: their operation and management shall be subject to accountability and the supervision of society and the public sector.,社會組織一般分類 General Classification of NGO,三大類別 Three Types 社會團體：會員制組織，以人及其社會關系為基礎； Social Groups: membership organizations based on people and their social relations; 基金會：非會員制組織，以捐贈及公益財產關系為基礎； Foundations: non-membership organizations based on donation and public asset relationship; 民辦非企業(yè)單位：實體服務機構，直接提供各類社會服務。 Private non-enterprise organizations: entity service organizations providing various social services directly. 最新分類及其含義 Latest Classification and Meanings 民政部參考國際通行統(tǒng)計分類體系并結合我國民間組織發(fā)展的特點，于2006年下半年提出了新的分類體系，并用于三類民間組織的年度檢查工作。 By referring to the internationally accepted statistical classification system and linking with the development features of Chinese NGOs, the Ministry of Civil Affairs set forth in the second half of 2006 a new classification system, which has been applied to the annual inspection of the three types of NGOs.,2007年新分類圖示 Illustration of the New Classification 2007,Sci-tech and research Eco-environment Education Health Social services Culture Sports Law Services for industry and commerce Religion Agriculture and rural development Occupation and employment org. International and foreign-related org. Others,公民社會的含義 Meanings of Civil Society,在一個社會中，各種形式的社會組織都能夠得到較為充分的發(fā)展，它們作為公民自發(fā)和自主的結社形式能較容易地獲得合法性支持，作為公民及其群體的社會表達形式能多渠道地進行溝通、對話、協(xié)商和博弈，作為公民參與社會公共事務的組織制度形式能在公平競爭的條件下得到來自公共部門的資源；公民及其群體因社會組織的存在而增加社會資本，企業(yè)等營利組織因社會組織的存在而富有社會責任，黨和政府等公共部門因社會組織的存在而更加民主、高效和提高問責能力，整個社會因社會組織的存在而富有和諧性、包容性、多樣化和承受力。這樣的一種由社會組織的充分發(fā)展所帶來的社會狀態(tài)，我們稱之為公民社會。 In a society, if all types of NGOs can fully develop, can obtain the legal support quite easily as a spontaneous and independent form of association among citizens, can communicate, talk, consult and compete with each other through multiple channels as a form of social expression of citizens and their groups, and can acquire resources from the public sector on fair and competitive conditions as a form of organization through which citizens participate in the public affairs, and if citizens and citizen groups can enjoy more social capital, such commercial organizations as enterprises can be more socially responsible, and such public sector organizations as the Party and government can be more democratic, efficient and can enhance the accountability, and the entire society can be more harmonious, tolerant, diversified and endurable, all due to the existence of NGOs. We call such kind of state of society which come into being with the significant development of NGO a civil society.,二. 社會組織的發(fā)展歷程 2. Development History of NGO,30年的總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢 Overall development trend in the past 30 years 第一階段：民間組織興起階段 Stage 1: Emergence of NGO 第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮 Stage 2: Regularized management and new development climax of NGO,30年的總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢 Overall Development Trend in the Past 30 Years,Foundations Private non-enterprise organizations Social groups,第一階段：民間組織興起階段 Stage 1: Emergence of NGO,Foundations Associations Societies,第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮 Stage 2: Regularized Management and New Development Climax of Private Organizations,Foundations Associations Societies,三.中國民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會基礎 3. Social Basis for the Growth and Development of Chinese NGOs,體制變革：民間組織的發(fā)生學 Institutional change: Generation science of NGO 公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內在邏輯 Public space: Intrinsic logic of the development of NGO 集體行動：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎 Collective action: Social class basis for the development of NGO,體制變革：民間組織的發(fā)生學 Institutional Change: Generation Science of NGO,舊體制失靈 Failure of the old system 摸著石頭過河 Feeling the way,學會 Societies 研究會 Association 科普協(xié)會 Popular science associations 農民專業(yè)研究會 Farmers professional assocaition 農村合作基金會 Rural cooperative foundations,Association encouraged,Household contracting,Create extra-system platforms,Let intellectuals play their role,explore extra-system market,Let farmers play their role,公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內在邏輯 Public Space：Intrinsic Logic of the Development of NGO,從邊緣走向核心 From the margin to the core,從自上而下 到上下結合 再到自下而上 From top-down To combination of top and bottom To bottom-up,Margin of the market system,Margin of the state system,Social transformation gives birth to an increasingly big public space and needs,集體行動：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎 Collective Action: Social Class Basis for the Development of NGO,非主流 Non-mainstream,主 流 Mainstream,Stage 1 Civilians,Stage 2 Elites,Intellectuals,farmers,Political elites,Intellectual elites,Economic elites,四.中國走向公民社會的發(fā)展道路 4. Development Path of China toward Civil Society,未來發(fā)展的主要影響因素 Key factors that influence future development 中國公民社會的發(fā)展道路 Development path of Chinas Civil Society,未來發(fā)展的主要影響因素 Key Factors that Influence Future Development,堅定不移推進改革 Unswerving advance of reform 持續(xù)穩(wěn)定經濟增長 Steady and stable economic growth 法律法規(guī)逐步完善 Gradual perfection of laws and regulations 市場經濟走向成熟 Maturity of the mar