高中語法之定語從句.ppt

定語從句,在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句 叫定語從句;相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 連接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或 關(guān)系副詞,Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用 1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用,1 .Those who want to go please sign your names here. （ 主語） 2. This is the house where he was born. （地點(diǎn)狀語） 3. Bill, who I met yesterday, asked me a lot of questions. （賓語）,1,關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代關(guān)系,2,3,在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系 詞可用which或that，二者常可以互換； 但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：,當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或被不定代詞all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修飾時(shí)。 All that can be done has been done. We heard clearly every word that he said.,(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時(shí). This is the best film that I have ever seen.,(4) 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。 This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí) She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.,下面情況不用that: This is the book about we are talking now Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, his parents expect. Whats that is flying in the sky?,which,介詞后面：,which,非限性定語從句中：,當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)：,which,在下列情況中，只能用which ，不用that ：,as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。 as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，?？煞g為“正如，正像”；而which常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事” 在限制性定語從局中，如果先行詞被as, so ,the same, such 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用as,which和as的區(qū)別:,which和as的區(qū)別,1._ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him . 3._ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 4. Lets read such books will make them better.,As,As,as,which, as多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣 as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知 as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣 as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的,5,關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法 關(guān)系副詞一般都等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~which，在從句中作狀語。 when= in/at/on/during+which where= in/at/on/+which why=for +which 1 Do you still remember the day _ we went to visit the museum together? 2 This is the factory _ my father once worked. 3 This is the reason _ he was late.,when/ on which,where / in which,why / for which,(1)限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?,(2)非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有： who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where 不可以用that和why 另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。 I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.,(三) 以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。,The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.,I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.,The way _ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful. A which B in which C whom D whose I dont like _ you learn English. A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which,whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中 做定語。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 我把那本封面是藍(lán)色的書弄丟了。 I lost the book whose cover was blue.,注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 在定語從句中，whose + 名詞 _,名詞 + of which,考點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇,用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?,若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，必須用關(guān)系代詞 若從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語，必須用 關(guān)系副詞,A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.,I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.,Compare :,B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.,I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.,C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.,This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.,1. This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year. 2. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _we spent together? 3. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable. 4. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts.,where / in which,(which/that),when,(which/that),why / for which,(which/that),where,which/that,考點(diǎn)2 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,【1】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking? 2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.,to whom,with which,on which,This is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.,5. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。,4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.,which / that / 不填,考點(diǎn)3 what 與 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which/that,1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that 2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C which,C,B,A,1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom 2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is,考點(diǎn)4 注意插入語,考點(diǎn)5 定語從句中的主謂一致,1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be) 2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have) 3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be),am,have,has,was,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定語從句,that,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。,考點(diǎn)6 綜合考查,定語從句與同位語從句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,(that/which),定語從句與表語從句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,不能無先行詞 找準(zhǔn)先行詞 看成分判斷關(guān)系詞 （主要看在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分）,對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固,1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,對比訓(xùn)練,1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while,C,A,對比訓(xùn)練,1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which,B,C,1 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A whom B who C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A who B whom C that D / 3 I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker. A who B that C which D whom,1 Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2 Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3 -How do you like the book? -Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what,1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. which B. when C. that D. where 2 The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 3. Please take any seat is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that 4. The old man has two sons, is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them 5. This is the shi