高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)歸類.ppt

高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)歸類 西安東方中學(xué) 趙轉(zhuǎn)峰,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)六要素,一、注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法 推測(cè)性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞共有三個(gè)，其用法見表,例1： -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might,析：選D。Im not sure.的語境表明把握性不大，當(dāng)然我 去參加音樂演奏會(huì)的可能性就比較小了，故不用must應(yīng)用 might,例 2： _the news be true? No, it_ be true. A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustnt,析： 選A。因?yàn)榍鞍刖涫且蓡柧?，后半句為否定句，兩空都不能使用may/might 和must，應(yīng)而用can和cant。,二、了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式用法,（一）should /ought to have done本來應(yīng)做而未做，表達(dá)遺憾感情色彩,例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) had to write it out must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out,析：選C。分析語境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書面告知，卻有沒書面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。,例2：I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. (NMET2001) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave,析: 選B。由語境可知，我真的為你擔(dān)心，所以你不應(yīng)該一句話不說就離開家，但實(shí)際上你確實(shí)這么做了，顯然應(yīng)填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示責(zé)備。,（二）may/might have done可能已做 / must have done 一定已做/cant have done不可能做,例1：-Where is my pen? - I _it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldnt have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,例2： The light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed. A. mustnt have gone B. must have gone C. shouldnt have gone D. cant have gone,析：選D。由于他房間里的燈還亮著推測(cè)，他不可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺了，應(yīng)填cant have gone 。,（三）could have done指本來能做而實(shí)際未做，表達(dá)遺憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你本來可以至少寄去5張明信片的。（說明沒有寄那么多）,四、熟悉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞委婉用法： could, would, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均有委婉用法，它們不是過去式而是表示語氣委婉、客氣、禮貌，常用與疑問句，并多用于習(xí)慣表達(dá)， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might還可以用于肯定句表示推測(cè)，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求對(duì)方意見時(shí)，回答必須還成may, can.,例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should,析：選C。該句用can的委婉表達(dá)式could 來征求對(duì)方意見，could 和might通用，但回答時(shí)必須要用can或may，因此該題不選A.,例2：_ you mind my smoking here? A. Should B Could C. Might D. Would,析：選D。征求對(duì)方意見我是否在這兒吸煙，語氣理應(yīng)委婉，所以應(yīng)選委婉的表達(dá)方式would you mind？來征求對(duì)方意見。,五、弄清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的異化現(xiàn)象,有些情態(tài)用于疑問句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了異化現(xiàn)象，此時(shí)回答在某個(gè)角度不能繼續(xù)使用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 而改用別的動(dòng)詞。,例1：-Must I start at once? -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont,析：A。由語境可知該答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”，不符合語境，顯然應(yīng)使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。,例2： -Need I hand in my exercise book at once? -Yes, you_. A. must B. need C. can D. will,析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must,而作否定回答時(shí)，使用need的否定式neednt。,六、掌握征求意見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答,不少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用于疑問句征求對(duì)方意見，但人稱上有時(shí)有特殊要求，請(qǐng)看下表：,例1： -_I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. I have told him already. (NMET94) A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. May,析：選A。從回答句“No, you neednt”的語境可知，問句征求對(duì)方意見，表示“需要”而且用