豬肺炎支原體的免疫時(shí)機(jī)及疫苗的選擇.ppt

1,豬肺炎支原體的免疫時(shí)機(jī)及疫苗的選擇,先靈葆雅動(dòng)物保健市場技術(shù)部 榮 強(qiáng),2,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 豬支原體肺炎,(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS) Enzootic Pneumonia (EP),3,M. hyo Disease豬支原體肺炎,First isolated from pig lungs in 1965 1965年首次在豬肺臟中分離 One of the most common and economically important diseases 最普遍和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義重大的疾病之一 A complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation. 主要損失是支原體和其它細(xì)菌病毒的混合感染、飼養(yǎng)管理不善、通風(fēng)不良等綜合因素所致。,4,M. hyo Disease,One of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) 引起PRDC 的原發(fā)病原之一 Affects as many as 99% of U.S. herds 99的美國豬群都有感染 World-wide significance 世界范圍內(nèi)養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中流行,5,M. hyo disease,Economic effects are extremely variable between herds. 不同豬群的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響差異較大 Dependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc. 取決于投入的成本、豬價(jià)、其它疾病的情況等。 A MOVING TARGET.,6,M. hyo Disease,Reduced average daily gain (ADG) 降低日增重 Reduced feed efficiency (FE) 降低飼料報(bào)酬 Increased medication costs 增加藥物成本 Increased cull or light-weight pigs 增加淘汰或低體重的豬 Etc.,7,8,M. hyo Economic Losses,M. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985) 肺炎支原體可降低生長率12.7%和飼料報(bào)酬13.8%,9,M. hyo disease,Transmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact 豬之間傳播途徑：空氣和直接接觸 Transmission between farms: movement of infected pigs 豬場之間傳播方式：感染豬的移動(dòng) Aerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 km 豬場之間傳播距離：3.2公里,10,M. hyo Disease,Clinical signs include:臨床癥狀 chronic cough (often dry or nonproductive) 慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳） high morbidity and low mortality 高發(fā)病率和低死亡率 uneven groups of pigs 豬群內(nèi)生長不整齊,11,M. hyo disease,Peak prevalence in Finisher because of: 在育肥期多發(fā)的原因： Long incubation period：潛伏期長 Slow spread傳播緩慢 Increased animal density養(yǎng)殖密度加大 Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出現(xiàn),12,M. hyo Pathogenesis,M. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus. 支原體定植在氣管和支氣管纖毛上，導(dǎo)致纖毛纏繞折斷、脫落，從而降低了粘液纖毛的正常功能。,Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia,A mucosal pathogen,14,15,16,M. hyo Pathogenesis,There is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990) 破壞肺泡巨嗜細(xì)胞的功能,17,18,M. hyo Disease,Secondary bacterial infections:繼發(fā)細(xì)菌感染 Pasteurella multocida多殺性巴氏桿菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 Streptococcus suis鏈球菌 Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血桿菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”,19,M.hyo Disease,There are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII 還和幾種病毒相互作用，其中包括豬流感病毒、偽狂犬病毒、藍(lán)耳病病毒、圓環(huán)病毒II型,20,21,22,Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention 豬支原體肺炎的控制與防治,23,M. hyo Control and Prevention,Medication藥物 Management管理 Vaccination免疫,24,M. hyo Medication,Antibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections. 田間條件下，抗生素的效果表現(xiàn)不一，主要用于控制繼發(fā)感染。,25,M. hyo Medication,Lincomycin: results inconsistent 林可霉素 Tiamulin: results inconsistent 支原凈 Quinolones: show some promise 喹喏酮類 Florfenicol: shows some promise 紐弗羅 Aivlosin: results are good 愛樂新,26,M. hyo Medication,One problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again. 一旦停藥，疾病復(fù)發(fā),27,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors are important 管理十分重要 All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique 全進(jìn)全出是最好的管理方式 No more than 3 weeks spread in age 年齡差距不要超過3周 Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS disease 早期藥物斷奶有一定幫助,28,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors (continued) Segregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit 早期隔離斷奶也有一定好處 Vaccination免疫 Optimize density and proper ventilation 合理化密度，保持良好通風(fēng),29,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Key to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine 控制PRDC有效措施的關(guān)鍵是使用有效的支原體疫苗,30,M. hyo Vaccines,Because the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best. 因?yàn)檫€不清楚決定免疫力的具體抗原決定部位，所以全細(xì)胞疫苗是最好的。,31,Western Blot Analysis 免疫印記分析,M+Pac preserves 15 proteins 安百克保留了15種抗原蛋白 Product A preserves 11 proteins A產(chǎn)品保留了11種抗原蛋白 Products B and C preserve 8 proteins B和C產(chǎn)品保留了8種抗原蛋白,32,M+PAC 安百克擁有全世界最多的豬支原體抗原,Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC,33,M. hyo Vaccines,Also, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant 此外，長久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐劑是支原體疫苗必須的。,34,Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐劑,35,Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐劑,Aluminum Hydroxide (AH)氫氧化鋁 Water-in-oil (W/O)油包水 Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油,36,Aluminum Hydroxide 氫氧化鋁,Low viscosity粘度低 Mild to no reactions溫和無刺激 Immediate response免疫反應(yīng)迅速 Short-lived immunity免疫期短,37,Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水,More oil = more viscosity粘度高 More irritation刺激大 More pain疼痛 More stress應(yīng)激大,38,Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油,More modern最新型 At least as effective as W/O與油包水效果相同 Less oil = lower viscosity低粘度 Less irritation刺激小 Less pain疼痛少 Less stress (pigs and people)應(yīng)激小,39,M. hyo Vaccine Adjuvants,M+PAC SPAH O/W+AH Respisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂 Respifend Fort Dodge AH Ingelvac MH Nobl/BI W/O Porcilis Intervet AH Hyoresp Merial AH,40,Introducing new M+Pac,41,Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:,Reduced lung lesions Less coughing Higher antibody titers Higher cell-mediated immunity Exclusive Emunade adjuvant 1 ml administration,42,Emunade, a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant 革命性的雙相佐劑,The key to M+Pacs superior performance 安百克優(yōu)良性能的關(guān)鍵 Faster acting, longer lasting 速效、長效 Excellent syringeability 良好的通針性,43,Emunade,Aluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in water 氫氧化鋁水包油 Fast acting速效 Long lasting長效 Stimulates strong cell-mediated immunity 刺激堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)免疫力,44,Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response.,45,46,Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver prolonged immunity.,47,48,Vaccination Schedules 免疫程序,Timing (Later is better?)時(shí)機(jī) One-dose vs. Two-dose一針還是二針 Sow Vaccination母豬免疫,49,Vaccination Timing 免疫時(shí)機(jī),Later is Better.Why? 越晚越好 Maternal Antibody Interference 母源抗體干擾 Protection needs to last for entire finishing period 保護(hù)力需要持續(xù)整個(gè)育肥期,50,Lung Scores After Vaccination of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age,5.9,5.8,18.8,0,0,5,10,15,20,% of lung lesions,4 weeks,6 weeks,Nonvacc,Non-Chall,*,Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P,0.02,*,*,51,Efficacy of Vaccination of 1, 3, and 6 week old Pigs,3.2,2.8,0.9*,5.0,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,Mean pourcentage of,Lung Consolidation,1 week,3 weeks,6 weeks,Nonvacc,Non-,Chall,Age when vaccinated,* Significantly lower than,nonvaccinates, p = 0.0026,52,One-dose vs Two-dose 一針免疫還是二針免疫,Theoretical immunology tells us that with an inactivated vaccine, two doses are necessary to achieve peak immunity. This is very important with M. hyo since we want long-lasting immunity. 根據(jù)免疫學(xué)理論，滅活苗二針免疫才能達(dá)到免疫力高峰。這對(duì)于肺炎支原體免疫極為重要，因?yàn)槲覀兿Ｍгw的免疫力持久（直到出欄）,53,One-dose vs. Two-doses 一針免疫還是二針免疫,Products initially well-received, however in most cases, did not provide adequate protection in face of M. hyo field challenge. 即使初次免疫應(yīng)答良好，但大多數(shù)情況下，當(dāng)面對(duì)田間野毒挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，還是不能提供足夠的保護(hù)力。 Laboratory vs. “Real World”,54,One-dose vs. Two-doses 一針免疫還是二針免疫,The first “one-dose” product has had a problem with syringability and local reactions due to the Water-in-oil adjuvant used. 早期的一針免疫疫苗，由于使用了油包水佐劑，存在通針性和局部反應(yīng)的問題,55,Sow Vaccination? 母豬免疫？,Controversial 有爭議的話題 Dr. Kirk Clark work on loss of antibody titers in 3rd Parity sows 經(jīng)產(chǎn)3次的母豬抗體滴度下降。 Decreased Sow to Pig Shedding? 能減少母豬對(duì)仔豬的散毒嗎？,56,Sow Vaccination 母豬免疫,If sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is even more important to vaccin