精品牛津7AU1語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)講解及練習(xí).doc

語法講解（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和be動(dòng)詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語（非三單）+動(dòng)詞（原形） 主語（三單）+動(dòng)詞（三單）（2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：表示頻度的副詞always，often，usually，sometimes等。on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等時(shí)間狀語。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之類的表示頻率的詞組。如：He gets up at five oclock every day. He often plays football. 表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語。如： The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的（將要發(fā)生的）事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來,句子中可以有將來時(shí)間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點(diǎn)開車) 在時(shí)間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),句子可以有將來時(shí)間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come, go為主。如：Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be的用法：2.1 be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞的一種，表示“是”的意思?，F(xiàn)在式（The Present Forms）有am，is，are三種。這三種動(dòng)詞的原形是be，所以它們稱為be動(dòng)詞。2.1.1 be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式有am，is，are三種，分別接在不同人稱的主語之后：2.1.2 be動(dòng)詞句型的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）.否定句：主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + not.疑問句：be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + 主語.?疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + 主語.?2.1.3 be動(dòng)詞的肯定句句型：主語 + be動(dòng)詞.be動(dòng)詞的肯定句由“主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + 表語”構(gòu)成：I am a doctor.我是一名醫(yī)生。Mary is at work.瑪麗在工作。You are my only friend.你是我惟一的朋友。2.1.4 be動(dòng)詞的否定句句型：主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + not.be動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，是在be動(dòng)詞am，is，are之后加not：We arent her classmates.我們不是她的同班同學(xué)。Im not Tom.我不是湯姆。（Im是I am的縮寫，讀作/aim/。）be動(dòng)詞否定句的縮寫方式：is not的縮寫是isnt，讀作/iznt/；are not的縮寫是arent，讀作/a：nt/；I am的否定句是I am not，縮寫為Im not；am not不縮寫在一起。2.1.5 be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句句型：be動(dòng)詞 + 主語.?回答方式：Yes，主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）.No，主語 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + not.be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句是將be動(dòng)詞置于主語之前（大寫am/is/are的第一個(gè)字母），在句尾加問號；這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序：肯定句：They are fruit.它們是水果。疑問句：Are they fruit? 它們是水果嗎? （主語和謂語倒裝）肯定句：The book is on the table.書在桌子上。（主語和謂語倒裝）疑問句：Is the book on the table? 書是在桌子上嗎?回答由be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的疑問句時(shí)，肯定要用Yes，否定用No：Are you Johns brother? Yes，I am.你是約翰的兄弟嗎? 是的，我是。Are Mary and John still at school? No，they are not.瑪麗和約翰仍在學(xué)校嗎? 不，不在了。Are you there? 喂，你聽著嗎? （打電話時(shí)用）【注意】 Yes或No的后面一定要加逗號，其后的主語小寫，I（我）除外。I永遠(yuǎn)大寫。在回答句子時(shí)，主語必須是代詞。2.1.6 be動(dòng)詞的特殊疑問句句型：疑問代詞（主語） + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）.?疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are） + 主語.?用who和how等疑問代詞或疑問副詞與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的疑問句稱為特殊疑問句。就主語提問時(shí)，如果主語是疑問代詞或是帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組，如What number is.? （什么數(shù)字是? ），Which boy likes.? （哪個(gè)男孩喜歡? ），Whose car is.? （誰的車是? ）等，將疑問代詞或帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組置于be動(dòng)詞之前（am，is，are的第一個(gè)字母無需大寫），在句尾加問號；這種語序是陳述句語序。就表語提問時(shí)，則以一個(gè)疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭，之后是“be動(dòng)詞 + 主語.”（am，is，are的第一個(gè)字母無需大寫），在句尾加問號；這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序。be動(dòng)詞的特殊疑問句不能用Yes或No來回答：who“誰”：Who is there? 誰在那里? （就主語提問）Who is she? She is my mother.她是誰? 她是我母親。（就表語提問）Who are they? They are Johns classmates.他們是誰? 他們是約翰的同學(xué)。what（指某一或某種未知的事物或人）“什么”：What are these? These are books.這些是什么? 這些是書。What are they? They are sailors.他們是干什么的? 他們是海員。What is Susan like? 蘇珊是什么樣的人? /蘇珊的人品如何? （就介詞賓語提問）whose“誰的”：Whose house is this? The house is Janes.這是誰的房子? 是簡的房子。Whose are these shoes? They are Toms.這些是誰的鞋子? 是湯姆的鞋子。which“哪一個(gè)、哪一些”：Which of these books is yours? 這些書中哪一本是你的?Which is heavier，iron or copper? 鐵和銅，哪一個(gè)更重?where“在哪里”：Where is he? Hes upstairs/at home/in the office.他在哪里? 他在樓上/在家里/在辦公室。Where are John and Tom? They are at school.約翰和湯姆在哪里? 他們在學(xué)校。how“怎樣、如何”：How is Helen? She is very well，thank you.海倫好嗎? 她很好，謝謝您。How old is your son now? He is fifteen.你兒子多大年紀(jì)了? 他15歲了。How is the weather today? The weather is nice today.今天天氣怎樣? 今天天氣很好。2.1.7 There is/are的用法There is/are用于表示某物或某人的存在。1.There is/are.的肯定句句型：There is/are + 單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 表示地點(diǎn)/場所的詞或短語：Theres someone at the door to see you.門口有個(gè)人要見你。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。Theres a cool breeze this evening.今晚有涼爽的微風(fēng)。There are many flowers in the garden. 園子里有很多花。引導(dǎo)詞 真正的主語 地點(diǎn)狀語There be結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝句，真正的主語是There is/are后的名詞，如上述例句。詳見第25章倒裝25.1完全倒裝。有的辭典將There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的There列為代詞，作be的主語2.There is/are的否定句句型：There is/are + not.There is/are的否定句是在is/are后面加not：There isnt going to be a party tonight.今晚沒有聚會。There arent any cakes left.沒有一點(diǎn)蛋糕剩下來。3.There is/are的疑問句一般疑問句句型：Is/Are there.?There is/are的一般疑問句是將is/are調(diào)到there前面，大寫is/are的第一個(gè)字母：Is there anything you want to tell me? 你有什么事情想告訴我嗎?Are there enough tools to go round? 工具夠大家用嗎?特殊疑問句句型：疑問副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞 + is/are + there.? There is/are的特殊疑問句是以“疑問副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞等”開頭，之后是“is/are + there? ”：How much are there? 有多少?How many rooms are there in each flat? 每套房子里有多少個(gè)房間?How many students are there in your class? 你班上有多少名學(xué)生?【注意】 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語有時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞be，而用seem，appear等：There appeared to be no one who could answer our inquiries.似乎沒有人能回答我們的詢問。There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故。There seems（to be）no doubt about it.此事似乎無可置疑。There dont seem to be any missing.好像沒有什么丟失了。2.1.8 Here的句型句型：Here is/are + 名詞.用于把某物給某人。主語為名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞放在名詞之前；主語為代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞放在代詞之后：Here are two boys.這里有兩個(gè)男孩。（名詞之前）Here is the book you want.你要的書在這里。Here is the pound I owe you.這是我欠你的英鎊。Here they/we are! 他們/我們終于到了!（代詞之后）但是：Here you are（it is）.（=Here is what you asked for.）你所要的東西在這里。/你找的東西在這里。此句型還可用于引起對某物或某人注意：Here comes the manager.經(jīng)理來了。Here he comes.他來了。練習(xí)：1.The plane _ over there.A. is B. are C.am D. was 1. I _(be) from Australia. 2. She _ (be) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(be) my friends.4. My parents _ (be) very busy every day.5. _ (be) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _ (Be) they excited when he heard the news?7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8.The twins (be) very happy.9. Our class (be) big, but their classes (be) small.10. The basketball club (be) exciting and fun .11. The girl in red clothes (be) my sister .12. Lilys room (be) not very big .13. I _ (be) nice to meet you. 14. Your name _(be) nice. 15. (be) you Li Fen ? No, I (be) not . 16. Mr. green very busy?Yes , he (be). 17. (be) the apples very fresh ?18. You and I (be) good friends .19. His friends (be) very funny .20. There _(be) a big playground in our school.二仿照例句改寫下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not in Class One, Grade Two.一般疑問句： Is she in Class One, Grade Two? 回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. Bob is on the football team.否定句： 一般疑問句： 回答：2. They are in the teachers office.否定句： 一般疑問句： 回答：二、用am, is, are 填空1)I_astudent. 2) You_adoctor.3) _shefromJinan? 4) _youAmerican?5) He_inClass4,Grade1.6) It_acar. 7) They_cars 8) _yourmotherinChina?16）.I_aboy._youaboy?No,I_not. 17）.Thegirl_Jackssister. 18）.Thedog_tallandfat. 19）.Themanwithbigeyes_ateacher. 20）._yourbrotherintheclassroom? 21）.Where_yourmother?She_athome. 22）.How_yourfather? 23）.MikeandLiuTao_atschool. 24）.Whosedress_this? 25）.Whosesocks_they? 26）.That_myredskirt. 27）.Who_I? 28）.Thejeans_onthedesk. 29）.Here_ascarfforyou. 30）.Here_somesweatersforyou. 31）.Theblackgloves_forSuYang. 32）.Thispairofgloves_forYangLing. 一、用be的適當(dāng)形式填空1.-How_ you? -I_ fine.2.I_ David,and my family name_ Green.3.-What color _ your clock? -It_ white.4.-What_ this in English?-It_ an apple.5.Toy_my brother.David_my brother,too.They _ my brothers.6.Look!These_apple trees.7.We_ good students and you_ good teacher.8.My sister and my brother_ students.9. _there many eggs in the kitchen?10._your card number 5578?11.Where_ your pencils?12.Thses sweaters _ fifty dollars.13.How much _ his jacket?14.My brothers birthday_ December 11th.15.When _ Kates birthday?16、There_a boy and two girls beside the gate.17、Five and three _ eight.二 、.將下面的句子變成一般疑問句并作出回答1. That is my football. 三、將下面的句子變成否定句1. His card is on the table. 第一單元綜合練習(xí)( )1.He goes to school by bus, but he walks _after school.A. to home B. home C. his home D. the home( )2. She likes _. She is a good _.A. swim, swimming B. swimming, swimmer C. swimmer, swimming D. to swim, swim( )3. I like reading. I often go to _.A. the classroom B. the Reading Club C. the teachers office D. the bus( )4. I like talking on the phone with my friends. -_. A. Me, too. B. You are right. C. Yes, I do D. I enjoy.( )5. Excuse me, _do you say that in English?A. How B. Who C. Where D. What( )6. - Do you have a pencil? - _. A. Yes, I can. B. Yes, I do. C. No, I am not. D. No, I do.( )7. -Can I _ your new watch? -Sure.A. look at B. look after C. look for D. look like( )8. Jack _ doing his homework at eight.A. finish B. finishs C. finishes D. dont finish( )9.- _ the boys enjoy _ the World Cup? -Yes, they_.A. Does, watching, does B. Do, watch, do C. Do, watching, do D. Does, watch, does( )10. He says “_” to his parents before he goes to bed. A.Good evening B. Goodbye C. Going to bed D. Good night( ) 11. Its too hot. You should _your sunglasses.A. break B. wear C. make D. clean( ) 12. What _ Jack _ every Saturday?A. does, do B. do, does C. do, doD. does, does( ) 13. My cousin is in _.A. class 4, grade 7 B. Class 4, Grade 7 C. grade7, class 4 D. Grade 7, Class 4( )1 4. _ your brother good at playing football?A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does( ) 15. -Are you good friends? -_.A. Yes, we are. B. No, I dont. C. Yes, I am. D. Yes, we arent( ) 16. The girl _ glasses is my sister. Do you know her? No, I dont.A. wear B. in C. with D. wears( ) 17. - _ the boys enjoy _ cartoons? -Yes, they_.A. Does, watching, does B. Do, watch, do C. Do, watching, do D. Does, watch, does( )18. I live _ my family _Shanghai.A. with; in B. in; in C. in; with D. with; with( ) 19. Kitty, you are a good dancer. _.A. Sure