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both, either, neither用法各不同 both, either, neither這三個(gè)詞都可以作代詞及形容詞,在考試中頻頻亮相,許多同學(xué)都容易將他們混淆,現(xiàn)將它們的用法歸納如下,讓大家看個(gè)明白,輕輕松松掌握它們的詞義、詞性及用法。簡(jiǎn)表說(shuō)明:補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:both意思是兩者都,either意思是兩者中的任何一個(gè),neither意思是兩者都不,三個(gè)詞在句中都可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可單獨(dú)使用,也可以與of連用,其中both接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用復(fù)數(shù)形式;either,neither接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但這兩者在口語(yǔ)中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Both are right.= Both of the answers are right.這兩個(gè)答案都對(duì)。Either(of them)is OK. (他們兩個(gè)中)任何一個(gè)都行。作賓語(yǔ),可單獨(dú)使用,也可以與of連用,放在動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。例如:I dont know which book is the better;I shall read both.我不知道這兩本書(shū)哪一本好,所以我兩本都讀。I like neither.(兩個(gè))我一個(gè)也不喜歡。作定語(yǔ),both后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,either和neither后面接單數(shù)名詞。例如:Both answers are right.兩個(gè)答案都對(duì)。On either side of the river there are a lot of trees.河的兩邊都有許多樹(shù)。Neither boy is going there.兩個(gè)男孩兒都不打算去那里。both作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),一般放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前,系動(dòng)詞be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后;作賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),直接放在其后(either和neither做同位語(yǔ)的情況較少)。例如:You must both come over this evening.你們倆今晚必須都過(guò)來(lái)一趟。(作主語(yǔ)you的同位語(yǔ)) We are both from Chongqing.我們兩個(gè)都來(lái)自重慶。(作主語(yǔ)we的同位語(yǔ)) He helped us both.他幫助了我們兩個(gè)人。(作賓語(yǔ)us的同位語(yǔ)) 相關(guān)鏈接:both. and.可以翻譯成和兩個(gè)都、又又、既要又要;either. or.意思是或者或者,neither. nor.意思是既不也不,這三者都是連詞,可以連接名詞、代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等。both. and.連接名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;neither. nor.連接名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與nor之后的名詞保持一致;either. or.連接名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最臨近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.我和她兩個(gè)都要做清潔工作。Mike is both tall and handsome.邁克長(zhǎng)得又高又帥。In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance.在今天晚上的節(jié)目中,瑪麗既要唱歌又要跳舞。You may either stay or go.你可以走,也可以留下。Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯(cuò),就是我錯(cuò)。He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不吸煙也不喝酒。Neither he nor I am well-educated.他和我都沒(méi)有受過(guò)良好的教育。Exercises: 根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示,完成下列句子:1.我既對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣又對(duì)漢語(yǔ)感興趣。Im interested in _ English _ Chinese. 2.湯姆和瑪麗都不知道該怎樣做這個(gè)工作。_ Tom _ Mary knows how to do the work. 3.這兩條路你隨便走哪一條都可以。You may take _ of the roads. 4.或者你去,或者我去。_ you_ I am going there. 5.這兩本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)講都沒(méi)有用處。_ of the books is useful to me. both, either, neither用法各不同參考答案:1. both, and 2. Neither, nor 3. either 4. Either, or 5. Neither Both用法淺談- Both可作形容詞、代詞或副詞用,意思是“兩個(gè)”、“雙方”、“兩個(gè)都”。在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。如:Both are right.兩者都對(duì)。(主語(yǔ))I like both.兩個(gè)我都喜歡。(賓語(yǔ))Both可參與構(gòu)成名詞詞組,也可和動(dòng)詞連用,還可與and構(gòu)成并列連詞。在使用時(shí),要注意下列幾點(diǎn):一、Both和both of后都可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,構(gòu)成名詞詞組。但Both后的名詞前可有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞作修飾限定,也可沒(méi)有;both of后的名詞前卻一定要有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞作修飾限定。如:可以說(shuō)both(the these,her) children;也可以說(shuō)both of the(these,her)children;但一般不說(shuō)both of children。Both of后可接人稱(chēng)代詞賓格,both后則不可;但人稱(chēng)代詞賓格后可接both??梢哉f(shuō)both of us(you,them),一般不說(shuō)both us(you,them),但可以說(shuō)us(you,them)both。二、Both與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),大多數(shù)放在系動(dòng)詞be之后,其它動(dòng)詞之前。如:His parents are both workers.They both enjoy reading.若句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí),both大多放在第一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。如:The bridges must both be built this year.兩座橋都必須在今年修建。kate and Mary have both gone to English.凱特和瑪麗都去了英國(guó)。三、Both可與and構(gòu)成并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同并在句中作相同成分的并行結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Both he and his brother are good at English.(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ))She can both dance and sing.(連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)Mary is both kind and beautiful.(連接兩個(gè)表語(yǔ))四、含both的句子變?yōu)榉穸〞r(shí),是將both改為neither。如:當(dāng)肯定句為Both of the boys are clever.(兩個(gè)男孩都聰明)時(shí),否定句當(dāng)為Neither of the boys are clever.(兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明)。Both后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,neither后接單數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)也要隨之變化。若把句子變?yōu)锽oth of the boys are not clever,則是不完全否定。意思是:并不是兩個(gè)男孩都聰明(一個(gè)聰明一個(gè)愚笨)。五、含bothand的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),將bothand改為neithernor.,連接的兩個(gè)部分若是名詞,可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。如:I know both the man and the woman. 我既認(rèn)識(shí)那男子,也認(rèn)識(shí)那婦女。I know neither the man nor the woman. 我既不認(rèn)識(shí)那男子,也不認(rèn)識(shí)那婦女。Both beats and birds would have the bat as their friend. Neither beats nor birds would have the bat as their friend.用于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的名詞或代詞。如:Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish. 這位秘書(shū)不但能講而且能寫(xiě)西班牙語(yǔ)。Youve given both your uncle and myself a lot of trouble. 你給了你姑父和我很多麻煩。Sophia was both happy and sorry to see her. 索菲婭看到她既高興又難過(guò)。The food was both bad and insufficient. 食物既壞又不夠吃。She was ashamed, both for herself and for Diana. 她感到羞愧,既為自己也為戴安娜。I did all this both for you and for myself. 我做這一切是為了你,也為我自己。He both speaks and writes Spanish. 他既會(huì)說(shuō)也會(huì)寫(xiě)西班牙語(yǔ)。Tonight they will both sing and dance. 今晚他們將又唱歌又跳舞。說(shuō)明:作為關(guān)聯(lián)并列連詞,它通常應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)相同性質(zhì)的句子成分,但有時(shí)后一成分可能省略與前一成分相同的詞。另外,若連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。Both teaching and research work are making great strides. 教學(xué)與科研都在大踏步前進(jìn)。Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲婭都喜歡這個(gè)姑娘。 either.or.與 neither.nor.一、either.or. either.or.意為或者或者;不是就是之意。表示兩者之一,連接句子中兩個(gè)并列的成分。例如: When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那個(gè)女孩高興時(shí),不是唱就是跳。(此句中either.or.連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用其相應(yīng)的形式。) either.or.連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,這就是我們通常說(shuō)的就近原則。例如: Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。 注意:如果把上句變成一般疑問(wèn)句,助動(dòng)詞形式與主語(yǔ)you保持一致,所以要用are提問(wèn),而不是am。例如: Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你還是我去那里? Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)為:Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你還是他在學(xué)校吃午飯? 若要對(duì)either.or.句型進(jìn)行否定時(shí),只需把either.or.換成neither.nor.即可。例如: Either you or she is good at drawing. 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋺?yīng)為:Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅長(zhǎng)繪畫(huà)。 我們還可以單獨(dú)使用either,其意為兩者中的任何一個(gè)。例如: There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道兩邊有許多商店。這個(gè)句子也可以這樣表達(dá):There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道兩邊有許多商店。 either用在否定句的句末,表示也的意思。例如: If you dont go there. I wont, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。 二、neither.nor. neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含義是否定的,可連接任意兩個(gè)并列的成份。例如: She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜歡黃油也不喜歡乳酪。此句中neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),也應(yīng)遵循就近原則。例如: Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 若將neither.nor.句型變?yōu)榭隙ň?,只需把neither.nor.改為both.and.即可,同時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。 還可以單獨(dú)使用neither作主語(yǔ),表示兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)。例如: Neither of them likes football. 他們倆都不喜歡足球。 neither或nor還有另外一種用法,就是當(dāng)表達(dá)一個(gè)人沒(méi)有做某事,另一個(gè)人也沒(méi)做同一類(lèi)事時(shí),可用neither或nor進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)略回答,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Neither / Nor+助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。例如: He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是騎自行車(chē)上學(xué),我也不是。 They didnt go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他們沒(méi)去公園,我們也沒(méi)去。| either of ,neither of, both of 和all of 的用法 先來(lái)一個(gè)總結(jié),再給例子 either of (兩者其一) neither of(兩者都不) 這兩個(gè)后單數(shù) both of (兩者都),后復(fù)數(shù) all of (三者或三者以上都是) none of (三者或三者以上都不是) 例子 either of 是指“兩者有其一.” Either of us speaks English. (注意“speaks“) neither of是指“兩者都不.” 用于否定句 Neither of us English. (注意“speaks“) both of是指兩者都. 用于肯定句 Both the boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。 Either of與both of 注意區(qū)別兩者的意思,不同的意思,單復(fù)數(shù)不一樣. There are two apples on the table; you can take either of them. 桌上有兩只蘋(píng)果,隨你拿哪一只。 There are two apples on the table; you can take both of them. 桌上有兩只蘋(píng)果,你可以把兩只都拿去。 There are trees on either side of the street. 街的兩邊(每一邊)綠樹(shù)成蔭。 There are trees on both sides of the street. 街的兩邊綠樹(shù)成蔭。 all of是指所有人(或物)都.(超過(guò)兩個(gè)) All of the Chinese students are Young Pioneers.所有中國(guó)學(xué)生都是少先隊(duì)員。 否定式:Not all of,意思是“不全是” (千萬(wàn)不要誤認(rèn)為是“全部都不是”。) Not all of us went to school yesterday.昨天我們不全都來(lái)上學(xué)。 對(duì)比:All of us went to school yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)紒?lái)上學(xué). none of 是指“所有人(或物)都不.”全部否定(超過(guò)三個(gè)) 以None of 開(kāi)頭的句子,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。 None of .作主語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。 None of us speaks English. (注意“speaks“) He likes none of these books.這些書(shū)他一本也不喜歡 None of the food was left.沒(méi)剩一點(diǎn)食物 None of the money is mine. 這筆錢(qián)沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)是我的. None of these cars is are new.這些汽車(chē)沒(méi)有一輛是新的. None of us has got a camera.我們中間沒(méi)有一個(gè)人有照相機(jī). None of 后接限定詞,如the, my, these1. not only與but also后面所連接的詞的詞性必須對(duì)等: (1) Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman. 富蘭克林不僅被看作發(fā)明家,而且被看作政治家。 (2) The nurse was not only competent but also kind. 這位護(hù)士不僅能干而且親切和藹。 (3) They not only broke into his office and stole his books, but also tore up his manuscripts. 他們不僅闖進(jìn)他的辦公室,偷走了他的書(shū),而且還撕掉了他的手稿。 (4) Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony. 不令你而且她也得參加典禮。 (5) In production, we should always keep an eye not only on quantity but also on quality. 在生產(chǎn)中,我們不僅要關(guān)注數(shù)量,而且要關(guān)注質(zhì)量。 (6) They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他們不僅準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成工程,而且完成得很出色。 2

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