高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納溪幕|_蠢高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納一,定語(yǔ)從旬中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞wherewhen,why等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),wh0se在從句中作定語(yǔ),而關(guān)系副詞when,where,whv等在從句中作狀語(yǔ).例如:1willneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedtogether.1willneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.解析:在句中,表示時(shí)間的名詞thedays在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)代指,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞thedays;而在句中,表示時(shí)間的名詞thedays在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)代指.同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞where或why來(lái)代指:如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),則用which或that來(lái)代替.例如:()Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhich1worked.(作狀語(yǔ))(Fhisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedyearsago.(作賓語(yǔ))注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason,place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.如:Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsoldEinsteinhadlearntadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.()Thatisthereason(why)Ididit.()Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.另外,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致.例如:MrJacksonistheonlyforeignerthatispresentattheparty.Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacher.解析:在句中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;而在句中,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞thestudents,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù).感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常出錯(cuò).主要是對(duì)定語(yǔ)從旬的理解不夠深刻.分辨不出主句和從旬,對(duì)句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分.所以要做好這一類題,首先要弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法,而且應(yīng)善于分辨和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其相應(yīng)成分,這樣才能對(duì)癥下藥.二,名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系.而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容的.與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如fact,news,belief.truth,reply等.that在定語(yǔ)從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替.而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用.例如:()AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.友喻勝君湖北漢川市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三.7班431600點(diǎn)擊語(yǔ)法v0tt0一一IlII0l0l_.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)之友.高三版Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago?解析:在句中,that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用;而在句中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ),對(duì)先行詞thechickenfarm起修飾作用.感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上容易出錯(cuò).主要還是因?yàn)閷?duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何謂同位語(yǔ)從句(二)名詞性從句中關(guān)于it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ).例如:Itsapitythathenotcometogiveaspeech.(形式主語(yǔ))wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.(形式賓語(yǔ))2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make等接由if或when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語(yǔ)it.例如:1wouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty.3)動(dòng)詞take,hide,punish,put等,后接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it.例如:ItakeitthatyouwillbeleavingShanghaisoon.Shehiditthatshewasmarried.4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞answerfor,counton,dependon,insiston,seeto等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí).必須冠以形式賓語(yǔ)it.例如:Imcountingonitthatyouwillcome.She11seetoitthathegoesahead.注:作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用it.三,代詞it,one,that的用法與區(qū)別one泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語(yǔ).否則就要用some.that(復(fù)數(shù)形式those)即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語(yǔ)連用it指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時(shí)間,距離,天氣,還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語(yǔ),形式賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配,如:getit,catchit.makeit.例如:Ihavelostmywatch.IthinkImustbuyone.(代指上文所指的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))Whereismypen?Haveyouseenit?(代指上文提到的同一事物)ThelandofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.mhasaredpenandablueone.(或twoblueones)Hehasnochild,andhewantstoadoptone.(或some)四,虛擬語(yǔ)氣f一1虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn).例如:IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.蝌氅蹙粵案紫一一冀瓣篙冀紫.譬璺蘭簍;MissRamonaSeegerEgerlaenderstr.21,72622Nuertingen,Germany魏jlIfyouhadstudiedhardatschool,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.解析:句子都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句依然指代過(guò)去的情況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wouldhavedone;而句中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nOW,這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況.所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句的形式填寫答案f二1虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法1.在Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)+that句子或者Itisdecided(ordered,suggested,demanded,advised)+that句子中,主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事重要,必要,被決定等.例如:Itisimportantthateveryone(should)obeytherulesalldayandallnight.Itisdecidedthatthemeeting(should)beheldtomorrowafternoon.2.suggest.insist后面接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的地方1)suggest當(dāng)建議,提出講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形.例如:Hesuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.類似的動(dòng)詞還有:insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求,請(qǐng)求,request請(qǐng)求,require要求,需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等.這些動(dòng)詞用于如:Itissuggested+that主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中.主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形;這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion),其后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分仍用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形.suggest當(dāng)提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.例如:Thepolicesuggestedthatthethiefmightbeoneofthefamilymembers.Heryawnssuggeststhatsheissleepy.Althoughhedidntsuggesttlatwethedecisiontoswimacrosstheriver,buthislooksuggestedthatourdecisionwrong.A.stop;wasB.shouldstop;beC.stopped;wasD.stopped;shouldbe解析:在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)建議提出講,而后一個(gè)作表明講,所以答案為A.2)insist作堅(jiān)決要求該;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為定要講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形.例如:Iinsistedthatyou(should)bethereontime.insist作堅(jiān)持(意見(jiàn),看法);堅(jiān)持說(shuō),確信講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.例如:Heinsisted(that)heheardsomeoneinthenextroom.五,反意疑問(wèn)句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)在一般疑問(wèn)句中,無(wú)論肯定的疑問(wèn)句還是否定的疑問(wèn)句,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no,特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義一Areyouanewcomer?Yes.Icamehereonlyyesterday.一IsntTomagoodstudent?震姚麗著江蘇省元錫市憊山區(qū)洛社級(jí)中學(xué)高二.S班2i4i87點(diǎn)擊語(yǔ)法弋jsbe【t.t0diewhe玎事isdi嘻.e.一Yes.Heisexcellent.一Dontyouthinkthecompositiongood?No.Itcantbeanywor$e.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)之友.高三版注意:在句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相一致時(shí),則用No,譯為是的,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相反時(shí),則用Yes,譯為不.f-)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)確定其反問(wèn)形式.例如:Imustleavenow,mustntI?Hemustbeintheclassroon,isnthe?(表推測(cè))Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,hasn,the?(表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworkyesterdayafternoon,didnthe?(表過(guò)去)六,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);如既無(wú)主動(dòng)也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語(yǔ)加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)).judging/consideringgenerallyspeakinsupposing等指說(shuō)話者的動(dòng)作,故只能用主動(dòng)式.例如:Havingbeenillinbedforneadyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.解析:從這個(gè)句子可以看出,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)he一致.并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),同時(shí),分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前.故采用了現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式.InordertoimproveEnglish,.A.JennySfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyD.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennySfather解析:根據(jù)不定式短語(yǔ)我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人而不是物.所以.應(yīng)該排除C,D兩項(xiàng),再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語(yǔ),而不是她爸爸,故答案選B.,wedecidedtogooutforawalk.A.ItisfineB.ItfineC.BeingfineD.Itbeingfine解析:主句主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)befine之間既無(wú)主動(dòng)關(guān)系也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系.所以要加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)it