外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)

附 錄 A Fuel ethanol industry opportunities and challenges At present, the fuel ethanol industry have great opportunities for development, but it also faces many challenges. Selection of fuel ethanol gasoline, a number of factors should be considered: vehicle and fuel prices, vehicle performance and ease of use, and emissions regulations, convenient refueling, maintenance costs, and maintenance convenience. The use of fuel ethanol and the cost effectiveness of its significant impact on the promotion of the use. According to Chinas specific circumstances, in the promotion of fuel ethanol and use the following key issues need to be resolved. （ 1） Fuel ethanol production costs of raw materials and fuel prices, the current gas and electricity prices low, methanol, ethanol is higher than the price of petrol and diesel. Only the price of fuel ethanol at less than the retail price of gasoline, only the economic viability. Chinas development of the corresponding financial subsidies or tax relief policies and environmental regulations in order to support and encourage the fuel ethanol and promote the use of ethanol gasoline. However, fuel ethanol production enterprises to continuously raise the level of production and comprehensive utilization of by-product level, develop the use of rich biological resources of raw materials and lower production costs, and ensure the health of fuel ethanol, the sustained development of enterprises. （ 2） Water storage and transportation of ethanol gasoline ethanol fuel stratified water to the use of low-cost pipeline. Foreign transportation of fuel ethanol, commonly used by automobiles, trains, ships and other means higher costs and also pay attention to gasoline storage and transportation of ethanol in water. （ 3） The cost of automotive technology and the use of foreign experience has shown that the fuel ethanol and flexible fuel vehicle prices high than the traditional automobile. Clean fuel vehicles used in the initial price and technical programs. According to the information, the use of ethanol gasoline, the fuel consumption of motor vehicles has increased, the performance of the engine power dropped to varying degrees； At the same time, ethanol, gasoline for vehicle fuel tank, carburetor and other parts of the non-ferrous metals, rubber materials have varying degrees Corrosion, automotive use of ethanol in gasoline before the need for adaptation, an increase of the cost. Due to the complexity of our models, the factory during the span, and resulting from the use of ethanol gasoline on the more prominent issues. Ethanol gasoline automobile engine wear and tear caused by corrosion, will shorten the life of car. Only increase the gasoline additive ethanol in order to solve the problem. This requires the use of low-cost production and the use of the safety of gasoline or ethanol diesel fuel additive ethanol. （ 4） Ethanol gasoline vehicle emissions ethanol gasoline aldol use brought about by the increase in emissions, it must attract attention and give an effective solution. （ 5） Infrastructure supporting the commercialization of fuel ethanol applications, must have the appropriate infrastructure, that is, the fuel supply should be supporting factories, storage and transport facilities, the retail gas stations all over the country, parts supply and maintenance of networks. Infrastructure investment required in the various clean alternative fuel, the use of fuel ethanol is relatively low. （ 6） The development of diesel-ethanol to promote ethanol in gasoline, while diesel should also attach importance to the development of ethanol. Diesel consumption in China is big country, in 1999 consumption of diesel 61.2 million tons. At present, the production of domestic oil refining industry in the fuel, diesel and gasoline production ratio of consumption is lower than the market ratio between the number of diesel and petrol, the promotion of ethanol petrol, diesel supply shortage of resources have become an obvious contradiction. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources, the further rise in oil prices, which fuel ethanol to bring a certain amount of development and historical opportunity. Diversification of the national energy supply is an important national energy strategy, in the worlds future energy mix, renewable bio-energy will be one of the main body of energy, the worlds increasing emphasis on fuel ethanol development and application. According to the State Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol 15 Development Plan, Chinas fuel ethanol industry is positioned to promote the industrialization of agriculture, improvement of the dual structure of the national economy, environmental protection and promotion of renewable energy use, and gradually as the goal to build a new, advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of high level of international influence and the industry. At the national Eleventh Five-Year Plan that clearly need to accelerate the development of wind energy, solar, biomass and other renewable energy sources. Fuel ethanol production technology development prospects, the performance in the following aspects. （ 1） With the prospect of fiber raw materials key technology breakthrough in ethanol and the success of the industrialized operation of the 21st century will be the greater use of grain and other agricultural products other than biomass to p roduce fuel ethanol, the use of land not suitable for grain and forest resources, planting appropriate energy plants. （ 2） The prospects of production technology to lower raw material costs as a result of technological progress and production, fuel ethanol at progressively lower prices. （ 3） The prospects for the development of engine technology and flexible fuel vehicles （ FFV） is the application of fuel ethanol in one direction. The United States, Brazil and other countries have successfully developed the use of either gasoline or pure ethanol and pure than any match between the two mixed-fuel vehicles flexible fuel （ FFV） , is currently used in Brazil for more than a FFV vehicle 2000000. In short, our country promote the use of ethanol gasoline has been out of people Tenth Five-Year plan for national economic development has been significant progress has been made. According to foreign experience, Chinas population and a large proportion of the agricultural economy, rich in coal resources, the development of energy resources, distribution and utilization of scientific planning should be to strengthen the research of fuel ethanol and its application guidance； In addition, agriculture should be fully taken into account , forestry in the field of manpower and resource use, research and development of biomass fuels in order to promote the development of Chinas fuel ethanol industry. 附 錄 B 燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn) 目前，燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)有很大的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，但同時(shí)也面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。選用燃料乙醇汽油，應(yīng)考慮多方面的因素：購(gòu)車及燃料價(jià)格、汽車性能及使用方便性、排放法規(guī)要求，加油方便，維修費(fèi)用及維修方便等問(wèn)題。燃料乙醇的使用效 能及費(fèi)用，對(duì)其推廣使用有很大影響。根據(jù)我國(guó)的具體情況，在燃料乙醇的推廣和使用方面，需要解決以下關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。 （ 1）燃料乙醇的生產(chǎn)原料及成本在燃料價(jià)格方面，目前氣體燃料及電能價(jià)格較低，甲醇、乙醇的價(jià)格高于汽油及柴油。只有燃料乙醇的價(jià)格低于汽油銷價(jià)時(shí)，才有經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性。 我國(guó)制定了相應(yīng)稅收減免或財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼政策和環(huán)保法規(guī)，以支持和鼓勵(lì)燃料乙醇及乙醇汽油的推廣使用。但燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，需要不斷提高生產(chǎn)水平和副產(chǎn)品的綜合利用水平，開(kāi)發(fā)使用資源豐富的生物原料，并降低生產(chǎn)成本，保證燃料乙醇企業(yè)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。 （ 2）乙醇汽油的 儲(chǔ)運(yùn)防水乙醇汽油遇水分層，無(wú)法采用低成本的管道輸送。國(guó)外燃料乙醇的運(yùn)輸，普遍采用汽車、火車、輪船等成本較高的方式，并還要注意乙醇汽油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中防水。 （ 3）汽車技術(shù)及使用費(fèi)用國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，燃料乙醇及靈活燃料汽車的價(jià)格，比傳統(tǒng)汽車高。清潔燃料汽車的初始價(jià)格與采用的技術(shù)方案有關(guān)。據(jù)有關(guān)資料，使用乙醇汽油后，汽車的油耗有所增加，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性能有不同程度的下降；同時(shí)，乙醇汽油對(duì)汽車的油箱、化油器等部件的有色金屬、橡膠材料會(huì)有不同程度的腐蝕，汽車在使用乙醇汽油前，需要進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性調(diào)整，增加了費(fèi)用。由于我國(guó)汽車型號(hào)復(fù)雜，出 廠年代跨度大，使用乙醇汽油帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題就更為突出。乙醇汽油引起的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)磨損腐蝕，將會(huì)縮短汽車的使用壽命。只有加人相應(yīng)的乙醇汽油添加劑，才能解決問(wèn)題。這就要求生產(chǎn)與使用成本低、使用安全的乙醇汽油或乙醇柴油燃料添加劑。 （ 4）乙醇汽油汽車醇醛排放乙醇汽油使用帶來(lái)醇醛排放增加的問(wèn)題，也必須引起注意，并給以有效的解決。 （ 5）配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)燃料乙醇的商品化應(yīng)用，必須具備相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，即要有配套的燃料供應(yīng)廠家、儲(chǔ)存及運(yùn)輸設(shè)施、遍布全國(guó)的零售加油站、零部件供應(yīng)及維修網(wǎng)點(diǎn)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)所需的投資大，在幾種清潔代用燃 料中，使