自卸車(chē)舉升系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)淺談外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

附錄 A 英文原文   A Brief Description of Lift Truck System Design                                                         Martin W.Crouse Abstract：  In this paper, dump truck through a brief design analysis, in view of the length of the larger features of heavy-duty dump truck, lifting the system from node  Structure design and hydraulic design of the corresponding measures for the lifting of heavy truck design a certain guiding function.  Key words：  heavy-duty； lifting； system 1. The main structure of dump truck  Dump truck, including the structure of the main lift system, chassis, frame, vice,component compartments,  2. lifting body design and analysis       Heavy-duty dump truck lifting system in the design process of the main issues that need to be addressed include: lifting forms of selection, in the lift car in the process of stability, before and after the bridge, the reasonableness of axle-load distribution and hydraulic system reliability. Chassis by following the design of 7.2 meters on concrete examples of the dump truck, dump truck lifting mechanism on the general idea of system design.  2.1 Compartment volume to determine initial    Chassis in accordance with the parameters: Wheelbase 3900mm +1350 mm, rear overhang 900mm, set the quality of 17500kg, and the whole 1600mm rear overhang for the request to determine car-size 5600mm * 2300mm * 1500mm. Determine the initial car position in the chassis for the car back out of the back-end chassis frame870mm. In determining the form of lifting, the need for further a nalysis of Count before and after the bridge and axle-load distribution of the car to verify the location of the vehicle in the second category is reasonable.  2.2 determine the form of lifting       Lift truck used mainly in the form of F-type, T-style, front-straight top form. In F-type, T-style, front-straight top three identified in the form of lifting one of the most suitable, we need three conditions on the analysis of calibration. Lift the form of the three has its own advantages and disadvantages of pre-straight-top compact structure, lifting and high efficiency. Simple process with low costs. However, after lifting the stability of poor road conditions on the higher； F-type and T-type lifting mechanism a good degree of cross-cutting steel, smooth lifting smooth rotation, the fuel tank of the work piston short trip, but the lift coefficient than the Great.       In order to determine whether the choice of what kind of lifting the most appropriate form, the author of three cases were done on the theoretical analysis. If the selected F-type and T-type lifting form, the most important of its calculated lift coefficient comparison. By calculating the F-type forms of lifting lifting the smallest coefficient is 1.751, T-type lifting the smallest form of lift force coefficient is 1.799, it is not ideal (usually lift coefficient of 1.6 to 1.7 when the effect of better). The front straight top edge lifting the fuel tank T is greater than 8 tons of it. Taking into account the use of F-type or T-type lifting mechanism, very easy lifting, lifting the need for large tanks, but also to the triangular arm, such as demanding and difficult to achieve. Combination of the foregoing analysis, decided to adopt the prefix form of straight Lift top.       Lifting measures to improve the stability of 2.3 Due to the design of the length of the larger car, at the same time, the use of pre-straight lifting top form, so the stability of car is very important, need to take measures to improve the process of lifting carriage vehicle stability, prevent the occurrence of vehicle rollover. Dump Truck car normally used to connect the design of hinge axis and sub-frame connection, the Deputy frame through the U-bolts and connect the main frame structure. The design we have adopted a new structure, flat steel, through welding at the side of fixed with bolts on the main frame, thus greatly reducing the vehicle's center of gravity to increase stability. As the car through the hinge axis and the hinge axis to achieve the lifting Block rotation, hinge axis blocks now have a high degree of flat steel to replace the Vice-trailers will need to install seat hinge axis frame in the main beam on the wing surface below the main Frame back-end need to install a Z-shaped beams to support Block after the hinge axis, Z-shaped beam through the bolt assembly back-end fixed in the frame, while the two-axis hinge as much as possible the distance between blocks to increase to increase the car example or stability. Due to the length of the larger car, the design would have to consider the stability of devices used to increase vehicle stability, the stability of the central unit installed on the inside of the location of the former side. Car safety design in the frame around pole between the longeron, the form of simple, safe, reliable, easy to operate. After taking into account the lifting carriage, Block Department hinge axis force is very large, and therefore hinge axis in the Block Office, to strengthen measures to be adopted to increase the hinge axis of the support seat edge.  3. Hydraulic Lift System Design       Pre-straight top-style, including the dumping of hydraulic gear pumps,hydraulic cylinder, control valve lift, valve lift, hydraulic tanks, piping, lifting mechanism.  Hydraulic system we use an advanced three-loop system. Hydraulic control system    schematics,. The dump truck in the three-loop system, the oil will flow to the fuel tank through the valve assembly to return to the only circuit in the oil return to tank, the pump will help to guide the valve through a separate oil circuit only be used as a return circuit, because in most excellent circuit design, the return will be installed in circuit capacity 100gpm use filters to filter the dirt to enter the pump to extend the use of pump parts life. Three-loop system, the main advantages are: to ensure that clean oil will always supply pumps, and not when the dump truck in the position or to maintain only the reliance on the oil pump in the internal volume rotation.  3.1 The main components to choose      Hydraulic system is mainly used hiwassee systems, hydraulic cylinder hiwassee selected multi-level cylinder sleeve.  3.2 hydraulic cylinder installation to determine the location      The installation of hydraulic cylinder straight-top car and the driver's request there is enough room between that having studied the arrangement of second-class chassis, the cab behind the need to move the location of muffler. The abolition of the Vice-frame, hydraulic oil tanks need to install a beam in the main frame between the two, using the hole on the main frame, the design of the installation of a hydraulic cylinder assembly seat. Block with bolts installed in the main frame about a fixed beam, the hydraulic cylinder support shaft and then installed in the installatio n of seat, hydraulic cylinder brackets before the board in the car.  4. Concluding remarks       These are the lift truck system design process, the main features of the design is the length of the vehicle used in large dump truck front straight top lifting body, the hydraulic system for the three-loop system, the use of pump valve all-in-one structure, working principle of simple and novel structure； At the same time, through the introduction of new structures to solve the process of lifting the car stability. Through more than a specific model of the lifting system of the design process, the lift truck can also reflect the general design of the system.                            附錄 B 中文翻譯  自卸車(chē)舉升系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)淺談                                                             馬丁 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 克洛斯  摘要 :本文通過(guò)對(duì)自卸車(chē)的簡(jiǎn)要設(shè)計(jì)分析 , 針對(duì)長(zhǎng)度較大的重型自卸車(chē)的特點(diǎn) , 從舉升系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及液壓設(shè)計(jì)方面提出了相應(yīng)的措施 , 對(duì)重型自卸車(chē)的舉升系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)有一定的指導(dǎo)作用。  關(guān)鍵詞 :重載；舉升；系統(tǒng)  1、 自卸車(chē)主要結(jié)構(gòu)  自卸車(chē)的結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括舉升系統(tǒng)、底盤(pán)、副車(chē)架、車(chē)廂等組成 , 2、 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)分析  重型自卸車(chē)舉升系統(tǒng)在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中需要解決的主要問(wèn)題包括 :舉升形式的選取、車(chē)箱在舉升過(guò)程中的穩(wěn)定性、前后橋的軸荷分配合理性及液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性。下面將通過(guò)底盤(pán)上設(shè)計(jì) 7.2 米自 卸車(chē)這一具體事例 ,闡述自卸車(chē)舉升機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般思路。  2.1 初步確定車(chē)廂容積  根據(jù)二類(lèi)底盤(pán)的參數(shù) :軸距 3900mm+1350mm,后懸 900mm,載質(zhì)量 17500kg,及整后懸為 1600mm 的要求 ,車(chē)箱尺寸確定 5600mm*2300mm*1500mm。初步確定車(chē)箱在底盤(pán)上的位置為車(chē)箱后端出去底盤(pán)車(chē)架后端 870mm。在確定舉升形式后 ,需要再通過(guò)分析計(jì)算前后橋的軸荷分配情況 ,驗(yàn)證車(chē)箱在二類(lèi)車(chē)上的位置是否合理。  2.2 舉升形式的確定  自卸車(chē)常用的舉升形式主要是有 F 式、 T 式、前置直頂式等形式。要在 F式、 T 式、前 置直頂式三種舉升形式中確定一種最合適的 ,就需要分別就三種情況進(jìn)行分析校核。三種舉升形式各有其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ,前置直頂式結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、舉升效率高。工藝簡(jiǎn)單、成本較低。但舉升后穩(wěn)定性差 ,對(duì)路面情況要求較高 ；F 式和 T 式舉升機(jī)構(gòu)橫向鋼度好、舉升轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圓滑平順 ,油缸活塞的工作行程短 ,但舉升力系數(shù)較大。  為了確定究竟選用哪一種舉升形式最合適 ,筆者分別就三種情況做了理論分析。如果選用 F 式和 T 式舉升形式 ,最重要的對(duì)其舉升力系數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算比較。經(jīng)計(jì)算 F式舉升形式的舉升力系數(shù)最小是 1.751,T式舉升形式舉升力系數(shù)最小是1.799,都不是很理 想 (通常舉升力系數(shù)為 1.61.7 時(shí)效果較好 )。而前置直頂式油缸舉升力 T 大于 8 噸就可以了?？紤]到采用 F 式或 T 式舉升機(jī)構(gòu) ,舉升非常費(fèi)力 ,需要大的舉升油缸 ,而且對(duì)三角臂等要求很高 ,不易實(shí)現(xiàn)。結(jié)合前述的分析 ,決定采用前置直頂式舉升形式。  2.3 提高舉升穩(wěn)定性措施  因本次設(shè)計(jì)的車(chē)箱長(zhǎng)度較大 ,同時(shí)又采用前置直頂式舉升形式 ,所以車(chē)箱的穩(wěn)定性非常重要 ,需要采取措施來(lái)提高車(chē)廂舉升過(guò)程中整車(chē)的穩(wěn)定性 ,防止整車(chē)發(fā)生側(cè)翻。通常情況自卸車(chē)車(chē)箱連接設(shè)計(jì)采用鉸軸與副車(chē)架連接 ,副車(chē)架通過(guò) U型螺栓和連接板與主車(chē)架連接的結(jié)構(gòu)。本次設(shè)計(jì)我們采 用了新的結(jié)構(gòu) ,扁鋼通過(guò)焊在側(cè)面的連接板用螺栓固定在