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1 完型 1 “ Culture shock” occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture“文化沖擊”是完全浸人一種新文化所產生的結果。 It happens to “ people who have been suddenly moved abroad” 這一現(xiàn)象經常發(fā)生在“突然移居國外的人”身上。 Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand peoples behavior in daily deili ad. 每日地,日常地 a. 每日的,日常的 life初來乍到者與當?shù)厝酥v不同的語言,不了解當?shù)氐牧曀?,也無法理解人們日常生活中的行為。他們會因此而感到焦慮不安。 The visitor finds that “ yes” may not always mean“ yes,旅游者發(fā)現(xiàn)“是”并非總代表“贊同”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,友好不一定代表友誼, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes聽起來嚴肅的話語也許只是玩笑。 The foreigner may be unsure as to(至于) when to shake hands or hug, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger外國人無法確定什么情況下該握手,什么情況下該擁 抱,什么時候開始說話,如何結識陌生人。 The notion(概念 ) of “ culture shock” helps explain feelings of bewilderment ( n.困惑 )“文化沖擊”可以幫助我們解釋這種困惑感。 Language problems do not account for all the frustrations ( n.挫折) that people feel語言并非造成人們這種挫折感的全部原因。 When one is deprived ( vt.奪去) of everything that was once(adv.一次 ) familiar a.熟悉的;冒昧的 , such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends.difficulties in dealing with the new society may arise .像交通系統(tǒng),注冊大學課程,交友等這些一個人曾經熟 悉的一切全部消失,他在新社會中肯定會碰到一些困難。 完型 Great books deal ( v t.對付;應付 ,常與 with 連用 )with the persistently unsolved problems of human life 重要的書籍是用來解決人類生活中難以解決的問題的 There are genuine a.真的;真正的 mysteries n.神秘小說,偵探小說 in the world that mark the limits( n.極限 ) of human knowing and thinking 世界上確實有一些限制人類知識和思維的真正神秘的東西 Inquiry not only begins with wonder, but usually ends with it also 詢問不僅開始于疑惑,也結束于疑惑 Great minds acknowledge v t .承認;表示感謝 mysteries honestly 偉人都承認神秘的存在 Wisdom( n.智慧,聰明,才智 )is fortified(加強的 )not destroyed ( v t .破壞,毀滅;消滅) , by understanding its limitations( n.限制;限度,局限 )智慧是可以通過了解它的限制來得到加強而不是被摧毀 It is our privilege( n.特權,優(yōu)惠 ) ,as readers ,to belong to( 屬于 )the larger brotherhood( n. 哲學 博愛; 手足情誼) of man that recognizes( vt.識別) no national(國家的 ) boundaries n.分界線 It is our privilege, as readers ,to belong to the larger brotherhood of man that recognizes no national boundaries 作為讀者,我們是屬于廣范圍的集體,沒有任何國界,這是我們的特權 I do not know how to escape vt.逃脫 from the strait-jacket(約束物 )of political nationalism 我不知道如何擺脫政治國家主義的束縛 I do know how we become friends of the human spirit(n.精神 ) in all its manifestations n.表明 ; 現(xiàn)象 (顯示 ), regardless( a. 不管的; 2 不顧的。與 of 連用) of time and place It is by reading the great books 但是我確實知道我們如何在大范圍內成為人類精神的朋友,不受時間地點的局限。我們可以通過讀好書達到這一點 (完型 ) What a challenge I must have been to Miss Sullivan! I remember the many times she tried to spell words into my small hand But neither words nor letters meant anything to me I thought her finger movements were some kind of game But at last。 On April 5, 1887, she reached my understanding About a month after her arrival, she taught me the word water我對薩利文小姐是個多大的挑戰(zhàn)呀 !我記著她多次努力,在我小手里拼寫單詞,但無論單詞還是字母對我都毫無意義。在我看來。她手指的運動就是一種游戲,但 1887 年 4 月 5 日,她最終觸到了我的思維。她到后一個月,教會了我 水這個字 It happened at the well where 1 was holding a mug while my teacher drew water As the water gushed over my hand, she kept spelling w-a-t-e-r into my other hand with her fingers Suddenly I understood!這發(fā)生在井邊,我拿著大杯子,老師汲水。水從我手上流過,她用手指不停地拼寫 水 這個單詞,突然,我理解了。 完型 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels Many high schools, colieges, community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(無學分的 )daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools, job training, or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。 In recent years, there has been a trend to bring in older students for post secondary education degree As has been mentioned, the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education Other colleges and universities, both public and private also offer what is now called“ continuing education” programs or“ lifelong education” programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development Under such a system, a worker may contmue his study even on a part time basis, and a retired person may return college at an advanced age 有許多接受不同層次教育的方式。許多高中、大學、社區(qū)或區(qū)域成人學校以及工商業(yè)學術機構都提供許多領域和技能的無學分日班或夜班 。據報道,美國大約有 1300萬人通過學校、職業(yè)培訓或函授課程來參與不同形式的成人教育。大約四分之一的美國成人每年都要參加有組織的學習團體。近幾年來,有一種趨勢是讓年齡大一點的學生獲得中等教育學位。正如前面所提到的,社區(qū)大學可以使任何年齡段的人擁有接受高等教育的機會。其他學院和大學,包括公立和私立的,都提供“繼續(xù)教育”或“終身教育”,用來獲得副學位、畢業(yè)教育或職業(yè)進修。在這樣的教育體系下,工人可以進行業(yè)余教育,上了年紀的退休的人也可以進入大學學習。 完型 Many people exchange presents and send Christmas cards to their family and friends 在圣誕節(jié),許多人交換禮物,給家人寄送賀卡 They open their presents on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning 他們在圣誕節(jié)前夜或圣誕節(jié)早上 3 打開禮物 Often they leave the brightly wrapped packages under Christ runs Trees and children have fun for guessing what special surprises are in store for them 通常,他們把這些色彩絢爛的禮包放在圣誕樹下,孩子們猜測包中有什么,從中獲得樂趣 As the colorful cards arrive, Americans enjoy hanging them on the Christmas trees 收到五顏六色的賀卡后,美國人喜歡把它們掛在圣誕樹上 Many families go to church on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning Then they come home to enjoy a traditional Christmas dinner 許多家庭在圣誕前夜或圣誕節(jié)上午去教堂,然后回家享用傳統(tǒng)的圣誕家宴 Their favorite courses are turkey, goose, and plum pudding 他們最喜歡的菜是火雞、鵝和葡萄干布丁 Before going to bed children hang their stockings by their beds, hoping some candles and tovs will be given by Santa Claus 睡覺之前,孩子們把長筒襪掛在床邊,希望圣誕老人會給他們送來糖果和玩具。 完型 5 Aging is the process of growing old It occurs eventually (最終 )in every living thing provided(倘若 ),of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely(過早地 ) The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin Signs of aging in a pet (寵物 )dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect(探測 )衰老是逐漸變老的過程。衰老發(fā)生在每個有生命的事物中,除非疾病或其他緣故過早地將之損害。衰老的最熟悉的外在跡象可以在老人中看到,比如頭發(fā)變白,皮膚起了皺紋等。寵物狗、貓的衰老跡象是失去活力,聽力和視力下降,皮毛的顏色變自變灰。植物也會衰老,但是衰老的跡象是很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficient1y during childhood They reach their peak at the time of maturity(成熟 ), or early adulthood Then they begin to decline Bones, for example , gradually become lighter and softer 身體的許多部位漸漸地成長起來,變大變壯,并且功能逐漸增強。這些器官在成熟或成年早期功能最強。然后開始功能慢慢地衰退。比如, 骨頭漸漸地變輕變脆。 完型 6 The fact that I enjoy learning and gaining knowledge was my main reason for choosing to enter college,but I must admit that it was not the sole(惟一的 )reason In today s world, a college education had become almost essential if one wishes to compete in the job market In the next several years, this trend will surely continue with a bachelor s(學士 )degree becoming almost indispensable(必不可少的 )if one wishes to find a worthwhile(有價值的 ) position, and a master s(碩士 ) degree becoming highly desirable for advanced positions Although it may sound materialistic(唯物的 )。 I felt that attending college was a practical and necessary step that I took to ensure a secure future for my family and myself I made my choice to study engineering primarily on the basis of my love of mathematics 4 and the physical sciences; however, the fact that it is a well-paid and respected profession did have some influence on my final decision to study 喜歡學習和獲取知識是我選擇進人大學的主要原因,但是我必須承認這不是惟一的原因。在當今的世界,如果想在工作中具有競爭力,那么擁有大學水平的教育是必需的。在未來的幾年中,這種趨勢肯定會繼續(xù)下 去,如果一個人想找到一個有價值的崗位,學士學位已經變得必不可少了,并且碩士學位對某些高級崗位來講是非常合意的。盡管聽起來是唯物的,但是我感覺上大學是必要的實踐步驟,是用來保證我和我的家庭未來安全的?;趯?shù)學和自然科學的熱愛,我選擇學習工程。然而,搞工程收入高和受到尊敬對我最后做出決定確實有一些影響。 完型 7 Twenty years ago, more than 60 of the employed work force was male now it has decreased to just 51 20年前, 60多的雇傭勞動者是男性,現(xiàn)在這一數(shù)目已降到了 5l。 During this twenty-year period there has been a 2.8-million fall in the number of men in work, and a 2-Million rise in the number of women 20 年間,男性雇傭勞動者減少了280 萬,而女性勞動雇傭者增加了 200 萬。 At present there are 10.68 million male employees and 10.14 million women現(xiàn)在,有 1068 萬男性雇傭勞動者, 1014 萬女性勞動雇傭者。 Although many women workers are part-time workers, around 45 of the total雖然許多婦女 (約占總數(shù)的 45 )是半日工, this represents the only source of earned income for many households in areas where employment is depressed沮喪的,凹陷的 她們的工資是許多勞動力市場蕭條地區(qū)家庭的惟一收入來源。 Analysts say that much of the upturn in employment during the recovery of economy will be in part-time jobs for women但分析家指出,在經濟恢復期內,勞動力市場好轉就是給婦女半日工種工作。 A big British shop, as well as British Airways, has recently announced plans to increase part-time employment at the expense of full-time jobs英國航空公司和一家大型商店最近宣布,計劃減少全日工種以提高半日工種的數(shù)量 。 完型 8 The Urgency Addiction (癮、沉溺 ) 緊張的癖好 Some of us get so used to the rush of handling crises that we become dependent on it for a sense of excitement and energy我們當中有些人習慣于忙忙碌碌地處理緊急情況,以至于我們依賴這種忙碌讓自己興奮和精神飽滿。 How does urgency feel ? Stressful ?Tense ?Exhausting ?Sure緊迫感是一種什么感覺呢 ?感覺有壓力 ?緊張 ?當然是這樣。 But lets be honest Its also sometimes exciting We feel useful We feel successful坦白地說,有時候緊迫使人興奮、激 動,讓人感覺自己是能干的、成功的。 And we get good at it It brings instant results and instant satisfaction我們變得擅長于此。緊迫能夠帶來即時的成就和滿足感。 We get a temporary(臨時的,暫時的 )excitement from solving urgent and important crises解決緊迫并且重要的危急事件可以得到暫時的興奮與激動。Then when the importance isnt there, we would feel uneasy and we are drawn to anything urgent, just to stay in motion當事情的重要性不復存在,我們就會變得不自在,對緊迫的事情非常感興趣,時刻處于行動狀態(tài)中。 People expect us to be busy and overworked其他人都希望我們一直忙碌,并且超負荷工作。 Its become a status symbol in our society-if were busy, 5 were important; if were not busy, were almost embarrassed to admit it這已經成為一個人社會身份的標志了:如果我們非常忙碌,就說明我們非常重要;如果不忙碌,我們幾乎羞于承認這一點 ?Being busy is where we get our security Its validating, popular, and pleasing忙碌給人安全感,也是一種證明,說明你受歡迎、與人友善。 Its also a good excuse for not dealing with the first things in our lives同時它也是一個很好的借口,我們以此來為自己辯白為什么不去做生活中那些首要事情。 Urgency addiction is a self-destructive behavior that temporarily(臨時地、暫時地 )fills the void created by unmet needs盡管緊迫的癖好能夠暫時滿足一些需求,但它是一種自我毀滅的行為。 And instead of meeting these needs, the tools and approaches of time management often feed the addiction時間管理的各種工具和方法往往助長人的這種癖好,而不是解決存在的問題, They keep us focused on daily ordering of the urgent它們使人的注意力集中于每天將這些緊迫的事情排序 。 翻譯部分 演講時,要極力放松。講話要慢,清楚,眼睛看著你的聽眾。只要有可能就用簡單的詞匯和表達方式。不是的停下幾秒鐘,讓你的聽眾有機會想想你所講 過的東西。要確保屋子里的每一個人都聽到你的講話。如果是個大屋子,你或許應該用擴音器。 記住,要有準備。要了解你講演的主題,你的聽眾和場合。要簡短。說你必須說的,然后就結束。讓你的個性顯示出來。這樣你就訥訥感和聽眾交心。 如果你遵守這些簡單的步驟,你就明白沒有必要害怕在公眾面前講演。實際上,你會感到這種經歷是饒有興味的,你會想要做更多的講演?,F(xiàn)在你還不相信?請試一試,看看情況會如何。 為何某些人在講演時似乎能夠自然而然地吸引聽眾的注意力并贏得足夠的尊重呢 ? 哪些因素有助于聽眾傾聽并留意講演內容呢 ? 這些人 通常并未使用“牛津”英語,亦未通過完美的語法結構進行自我表述,措辭決不是完美無缺, 這并非取決于演講者的身份或演講內容。這些人通常并未使用“牛津”英語,亦未通過完美的語法結構進行自我表述,措辭決不是完美無缺, 但他們能夠引起聽眾的共鳴。 這些人往往具有優(yōu)美流暢、豐富多彩的語音,并能夠有效運用語音幅度中的低音部分。 觀察和傾聽他人的說話, 音調低沉說明具有一定的控制力和足夠的自信心。 6 那些語速較快、呼吸急促、音調較高的人似乎不如那些語速較慢、音調低沉的人更富有自信力。 在日常生活、社交及工作中,有時我們需要妥 善地運用適度的音量和影響力的技能。 若對此感興趣,您不妨一試 。 若采用后一種選擇,您或者可以通過改變方式來重新提出要求,使之更加具有命令性,從而強調信息的重要性;或提高音量,改變音調,以便符合演講背后的情感要求 e 比如當您用一種明確的平聲調,滿懷信心地提出某種要求時,而他人根本沒有理睬您的要求,這時您有以下兩種選擇:放棄爭論,聽之任之;再次提出這一要求,這次需要加強一定的分量。 一提起英國教育呈現(xiàn)在人們面前的往往是一幅“公學”的畫面,特別是一些著名的教育機構 伊頓、牛津、劍橋等;但是人們往往不了解這些機構 在英國整個教育體系中所占的位置。實際上,公學僅僅是英國整個中學教育體系中的一小部分;在英國僅有1 40 的男孩能進入公學讀書,而 1 500 個中只有 1 個能上伊頓公學。伊頓是所公學,也是最著名的公學 , 盡管名字叫公學,其實并不是真正意義上的公立學校,而是所獨立的私立中學。它只招收 13-18 歲的男孩。實際上,公學僅僅是英國整個中學教育體系中的一小部分;在英國僅有 1 40 的男孩能進入公學讀書,而 1 500 個中只有 1 個能上伊頓公學。 完型 109 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels Many high schools, colieges, community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(無學分的 )daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools, job training, or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。 In recent years, there has been a trend to bring in older students for post secondary education degree As has been mentioned, the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education Other colleges and universities, both public and private also offer what is now called“ continuing education” programs or“ lifelong education” programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development Under such a system, a worker may contmue his study even on a part time basis, and a retired person may return college at an advanced age 有許多接受不同層次教育的方式。許多高中、大學、社區(qū)或區(qū)域成人學校以及工商業(yè)學術機構都提供許多領域和技能的無學分日班或夜班。據報道,美國大約有 1300萬人通過學校、職業(yè)培訓或函授課程來參與不同形式的成人教育。大約四分之一的美國成人每年都要參加有組織的學習團體。近幾年來,有一種趨勢是讓年齡大一點的學生獲得中等教育學位。正如前面所提到的,社區(qū)大學可以使任何年齡段的人擁有接受高等教育的機會。其他學院和大學,包括公立和私立的,都提供“繼續(xù)教育”或“終身教育”,用來獲得副學位、畢業(yè)教育或職業(yè)進修。在這樣的 教育體系下,工人可以進行業(yè)余教育,上了年紀的退休的人也可以進入大學學習。 7 我的老師 -安 . 曼斯菲爾德 ?薩莉文小姐來到我家的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子每當我回想起正是那一天連接了我生活的兩個完全不同的階段時,心中就感慨萬端那是 1887 年 3 月 5 日,再過三個月,我就滿七周歲了在那個激動人心的下午,我從媽媽的活動和家里人們的忙亂中猜到要有什么不平常的事情發(fā)生。我走到門口,在臺階上等著。 老師給我拿來帽子,我知道要出去沐浴和煦的陽光了我們順著小路向井房走去有人正在打水,老師把我的手放到出水口上當清涼的水流過我的 一只手時,她在另一只手上寫出了 水 這個單詞,先是慢慢的,然后逐漸加快我一動不動地站著,全神貫注地感覺她手指的動作突然,我好像記起了某些我已經忘掉的東西,覺得一種過去的印象又回到了頭腦中。從此,語言對我不再神秘我明白了 水 就是那股清涼的、奇妙的、從我手上流過的東西這個活生生的詞喚醒了我的靈魂,打開了我智慧的窗戶我離開井房,急切地想學更多的東西,任何事物都有自己的名稱,每個名稱都給我?guī)砹艘粋€新的概念回家的路上,我觸摸到的一切都充滿了生命的活力這是因為我以一種陌生的新眼光來看待一切走進家門,我想起了摔碎的洋 娃娃摸索著向那堆碎片走去,想把它們弄在一起,沒有成功這時,我眼里侵滿了淚水,因為我意識到我做錯了事情,而且,第一次覺得后悔。 富蘭克林擅長實踐,一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)問題就立即著手解決費城的房子都是木制的結構,很容易著火。一發(fā)生火災,即使鄰里之間都來幫忙救火,也作用不大因此,富蘭克林就組建了一個消防公司這大大降低了費城的火災損失,這使美國第一家火災保險公司得以很快成立了富蘭克林擔任了其中一個部門的經理他還說服市政府為城市鋪設道路并安裝路燈此外,富蘭克林活躍的思想甚至使他還考慮如何解決人們冬天房間取暖困難這一問題他判斷出問 題出在大壁爐這兒因為壁爐深深地砌在墻里,熱量不能充分散發(fā)到房間里于是他就畫了一張設計圖,并雇鐵匠按圖紙鑄造了一個大肚子的爐子 -被稱為富蘭克林爐子把爐子放到房間中央,這樣熱量就能向各個方向散發(fā)了。 一個人想讀書,必須有求知欲少數(shù)兒童不論他們國家的教育制度如何,始終能夠保持這種求知欲和思想上獨立性,但多數(shù)兒童卻做不到這一點 , 這要么是由于教育制度過于嚴格,把死記硬背看作天下第一號大事;要么是由于教育制度松散、使人怠惰,在“自由表達”的神圣旗幟下,甚至連讀書寫字這樣的基本要求也被忽視??胺Q奇跡的是,至少有少數(shù)兒 童竟然沒有被這種學校教育所糟蹋,而是脫穎而出,成為善于思考、思路開闊、博學多聞的人因此,不利于培養(yǎng)閱讀習慣的環(huán)境是各種各樣的我們對此還可加一條,那就是遍及全世界的暴力行為和無政府狀態(tài) 我們現(xiàn)在就生活在其中的新黑暗時代。我們很多人再也沒有靜下來讀上一小時書必需的那種心情了 But it is precisely(adv.精確地 ) 然而正是由于當前存在的各種問題,我們更應該讀書。 s ?否則,我們怎能理解什么是仇恨、什么是殘酷、什么是強權政治呢 ?我們怎能在個人自由和權威這類嚴肅的問題上表明我們的立場呢 ?我們怎能 理解而且可能解決我們所面臨的迫在眉睫的許多問題呢 ? 最初的印刷工人所使用的工具很簡單,搬動起來也很容易 15 世紀末,歐洲印刷工人有一千多人由于很多人不懂希臘文和拉丁文,不久印刷書籍就包括了各種語言印書者開始把書印得小些,以便攜帶起來更容易此外,而且他們開始把書印得更精致了,在每一章之前增添插圖和裝飾性字母印刷字母逐漸做得更小、更細、更精致印刷字母開始看起來和手寫字母不同了。字母的形式終于大 8 為簡化,完全適合鉛字的要求書籍的插圖有時是木刻的在雕刻標志木頭時,圖畫的白色部分是凹陷的在木頭的凸出表面涂上墨水,并印在紙 上,圖畫的黑色部分就復印出來當然,起初的試作是相當粗糙的,但漸漸地木刻印刷工人刻的插圖,就變得既細膩又有藝術性了意大利的佛羅倫斯,德國的里昂,都以出版插圖書籍而馳名。 董醫(yī)生的美國之行僅僅 3 周的時間,但未等 5 天的醫(yī)學會議結束,他已經開始感到比較自信了。當然他感到自己所犯的一些錯誤有點兒愚蠢但他很快就學會調侃自己的過錯,并發(fā)現(xiàn)他的同事也在向他微笑這些消除了交流的障礙,幫助他建立了一些良好的業(yè)務關系會議結束后,他同我提到的那一家人取得聯(lián)系,并愉快地拜訪了他們在此過程中他又經歷了一些新的文化驚奇,但他發(fā)現(xiàn)他能夠更 好地了解并適應他們。 完型: Any living language is in a constant state of change At any particular moment, it is almost hard to notice like most of the changes that affect your own body You dont notice them, but youre lucky if it feels as good and serves you as well as ten years ago In that period of time it has changed It is the same with Language . The most common and the most noticeable 可覺察的 kind of change is what happens to vocabulary New words appear; old words take on new meanings . 。 Even the native speaker might feel surprised. Mouse began to mean a small, hand-held device which can be used to give instructions to a computer to which it is connected by a short cable(電纜 ) To describe a person as green is a way of saying that he is naive(缺少經驗的 ) or inexperienced Now the word indicates a whole philosophy of life or a political opinion, and we have greenism (綠色主義 )which is supported by greenists In their shopping they will look for products which carry green labeling(綠色標志 )which indicates that they have been made in a way which is not harmful to the environment .Such products are eco-friendly(有利于生態(tài)環(huán)境的 )and they are preferred by those who are eco- conscious.That change is gradual(逐漸的) and continuous(連續(xù)的 ) 。任何 一種活生生的語言都是處于不停的變化之中的。該變化是逐漸并且連續(xù)不斷的。就像影響你身體的大部分變化一樣,這種變化在某一特定時刻是很難察覺 的。身體的這些變化不容易覺察,但是如果你的身體如十年前一樣好的話,你是非常幸運的。但是在這十年間,你的身體已經發(fā)生了變化。語言的變化也是這樣的。語言的變化中,最常見、最容易察覺的是詞匯的變化。新詞出現(xiàn),老詞增加新義即使是母語者對這些變化也會感到吃驚的。 Mouse 一詞開始表示一種小型的手動裝置,這種裝置通過一根短短的導線連到計算機上,可以向計算機發(fā)指令??梢杂脕砻枋鲆粋€人缺少經驗。目前這個詞表示一整套生活哲學和政治觀點 , 我們現(xiàn)在有綠色主義這種提法,綠色主義者支持這種提法。購物時,他們尋找?guī)в芯G色標志的產品。 綠色標志代表該產品的生產過程對環(huán)境是無害的這種商品是無害于生態(tài)環(huán)境的,有生態(tài)意識的人偏愛這種產品。 外語教師對兒童如何學說母語感興趣,有其很重要的原因。他們如果知道兒童如何學習母語,就可能找到一種簡便的方法教兒童和成年人學習第二語言。有些外語教師認為成年人學習第二語言的過程和兒童學習母語的過程是相同的。這部分外語教師模仿兒 9 童學習語言的過程組織教學:課堂上只講外語,不與學生講母語。他們使學生盡可能多地接觸所學外語的口語形式,不教學生語言使用的規(guī)則。外語教師采用這種口語教法是因為大多數(shù)父母在教孩子說話的時候也不 教孩子語言使用規(guī)則,而只是告訴孩子怎樣講話是正確的。對一些學生來說,這種方法是成功的,他們能夠輕而易舉地、很快地學會所學的語言。他們似乎很喜歡去用所學的語言,并不很在意是否使用了正確的語言規(guī)則。另外一些學生則不適合這種方法,語言學家著手尋找一種適合他們的教學方法。 第一課: 1、就如澳大利亞在全國推廣學亞洲語言一樣,中國也掀起一股外語熱,在這股熱潮中英語高居榜首。 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia, there has been foreign languages fervor in china, with English on top of the list. 2、英語真的有這么難,需要人們投入大量的時間和精力才能掌握嗎? Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered? 3、從我個人的經驗來看,英語學習不僅僅是指學習 英語發(fā)音和語法規(guī)則等。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation, grammatical rules, etc. 5、社會風俗習慣增加了學習外語的難度。 Social customs and habits contribute to the difficulty in learning a foreign language 10、英語學習中,東西方 價值觀念是沖突的 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation(沖突) in learning English. 11、在涉及表親的時候,英語母語的人更容易混淆性別。 Native English speakers are more gender(性別) blind (判斷)when they mention their cousins. 12、中國人在英語學習中,只有克服文化障礙,才能很好地掌握英語。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of English unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(障礙物) in learning English. 第二單元 1、這是我來美國后第一次回家探親 It was the first time I d gone back home since coming to the United States.。 2、你對那些只與男人有關的事情發(fā)表意見。 You speak on matters that are of concern(涉及) only to men. 3、在過去的六年和美國人的交往中,我逐漸學會了他們的一些做法。 Through my association(交往) with Americans during the past six years, I had gradually (逐漸地) adopted(采用) some of their ways. 4、我不再屬于舊世界,但還未被新世界接納。 I no longer belong to the old world and the new world has not yet accepted me. 10 5、 .我不再將香港視做我的故鄉(xiāng),感到無家可歸。 I no longer consider Hong Kong my home and feel homeless 6、香港發(fā)生了巨大的變化,有些地方都認不出來了。 Things had changed so much in Hong Kong that I didn t recognize parts of it. 7 我提前三周結束了這次訪問,回到美國。、 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States. 8、對我漸漸地疏遠起來,不像開始時那麼友好。 They gradually(逐漸地) became less warm and friendly toward me. 他們 9、 .我母親特意為我準備了一頓飯。 My mother prepared a special dinner in my honor 10、在討論中,他們不會做一個沉默的旁觀者。 They don t take a silent(沉默的) back seat during a discussion. 11、Coming back here didn t lessen(減少) my confusion(混亂) and pain.回來之后我的困惑和苦惱并沒有減輕。 12、我曾經住的那條街上的房子被拆掉了,代之而起的是辦公大樓。 The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down(拆卸) and replaced by office buildings. 第三課 1、不要在朋友困難的時候拋棄他。 Never desert(放棄) him when your friend is in the trouble. 2、發(fā)展國民經濟是政府的一貫政策。 To improve national economy(經濟 ) is the government s consistent(一貫地) policy. 3、中國在這問題上標明了立場。 China took a stand on these issues. 4、不理睬他們的建議是不對的。 It is wrong to ignore(不理睬) their suggestions. 5、我總是先開始工作,而不愿把事情留到最后才做 I always prefer(更喜歡) starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.。 6、 .請務必在我外出的時候照顧好我的孩子。 Please see (to it) that my children are taken good care of when I am away 7、一個詞準確的意思只能在上下 文中來確定。 The precise(準確的) meaning of one word can only be defined(定義) from the context(上下文) . 8、警察的教育使這個罪犯走上了正路。 The instruction(教育) of the policeman set the convict(罪犯) on the right path(小路) . 9、當前,有許多人打著科學的旗號干一些違法的事情 Nowadays, many people commit(干壞事) illegal(違法的) acts in the name of science.。 10、這種車票(僅在發(fā)售當天)有效。 These tickets are available(有用的) on (the) day of issue only. 11、 You dont have any authority(權力) for entering this house, It s private(私有的) . 你們沒有任何權力進入這所房子,這 11 是私宅。 12、我希望你對我的建議作出肯定的表示。 I hope you will give favorable(贊成的) consideration(考慮) to my suggestion. 13、我們很多人再也沒有靜下來讀上一小時書所必需的那種心情了。 Many of us no longer have the peace of mind necessary to a quiet hour with a book 14、手不釋卷是(活在世上)真正的人。 A person with a book is a real person alive on the earth。 第四課 1、在你怒火爆 發(fā)之前,深吸一口氣,記?。号瓪鈧?。 Before you lose your temper(脾氣) , take a deep breath and remember this: Anger hurts. 2、釋放或抑制怒氣,其后果沒什麼兩樣,兩者對你的健康造成的影響是一樣的。 It doesn t matter whether you release(釋放) the anger or hold it in. The effects(對有影響) on your health are the same. 3、一個粗魯?shù)乃緳C搶了你的道并揚長而去 -要盡量當場就控制住你的怒火。 A rude driver who just cut you off has left the scene-work to put your anger on hold right then and there. 5、許多發(fā)火的人都不承認他們在生氣。 Many people who are angry don t recognize(承認) themselves as angry. 6、樂觀的消息是,怒氣是有辦法來控制的。 The good news is that it is possible to control your anger. 7、你越能接受他們,也就越不會動不動發(fā)脾氣 The better able you are to accept them, the less angry you ll be. 8、你知道食品雜貨店到周末往往擠滿了人,那就索性平時下班后去購物。 As you know that the grocery(食品雜貨店) store is crowded on weekends, you can shop after work. 9、你可以問自己如下幾個問題來判斷發(fā)怒的程度。 You can ask yourself the following questions to measure(測量) your anger quotient(份額) . 10、有個推著滿滿一車貨的顧客正好插在你前頭。 A customer wheeling a full cart cuts ahead of you. 11、當你覺得怒火中燒快要爆發(fā)了,采取“改變它”或是“接受它”的策略。 When you feel anger welling up, take a change-it or accept-it approach(方法) . 12、如果你對一次已經過去很久的小挫折依然耿耿于懷,是時候釋懷了。 If you still remember a minor infraction(侵害) long after it happened, it s time to let go. 第五課 2、我的老師安。曼斯費爾德。薩莉文小姐來到我家的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子。 The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. 12 4、我感到有人朝我走來,以為是媽媽,就伸出了手。 I felt approaching(接近) footsteps. I thought it was my mother and stretched out my hand. 5、有個人握住它,把我拉了過去,緊緊地抱在懷里。這個抱我的人,就是那個將為我揭開生活的帷幕,而且也將把她滿腔的愛傾注給我的的人。 Someone took it, and then I was caught up(吸?。?and held close (包圍) in the arms of the person who had come to reveal(揭示) all things to me, and, more important than that, to love me. 9、在這個黑暗、寂靜的世界中,我對任何東西都沒有太深的感情。 In the dark, still(寂靜) world, I had no strong sentiment (感情) for anything. 11、我一動不動地站著,全神貫注地感覺她手指的動作。 I stood still; my whole attention was fixed upon the movements(動作) of her finger. 12、回家的路上,我觸摸到的一切都充滿了生命的活力。 On my way home, every object(物體) which I touched seemed to be full of life. 15、有生以來,我第一次向往新的黎明的到來。 For the first time I longed(渴望) for a new day to come. 第六課 1、除了很少的幾句外,我對法語一無所知。 Apart(除之外) from a few words, I do not know any French at all. 3、我們應該把注意力集中在提高學生的英語水平上。 We should concentrate(集中) our attention on improving the students English level. 5、所有的飲料都是免費 的。 All the drinks are free of charge. 10、他把他的成功歸于他以前所受的良好教育。 He referred(歸諸于) his success to the good education he had had. 11、在當前強烈競爭的社會,我們應該具有全面的能力。 In a highly competitive(競爭的) society, we should have overall abilities. 12、電影票價為五美元。 The admission(允許進入) to the movie was five dollars. 第七課 1、直到公元四世紀,羅馬的教會才開始慶祝圣誕。 It was not until the 4th century that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas.考過了 2、冬天是個讓人害怕的時節(jié),天變短了,變冷了,太陽好像有全面消失的危險。 The approach(接近) of the winter time, as the days grew shorter and colder and the sun seemed to threaten(可能來臨) to disappear(消失) entirely(完全 13 地) , was a time of fear(害怕、恐怖) . 3、白天最短也意味著冬天即將離去,春天要來了,溫暖的陽光,田野里植物返青也不遠了。 The shortest day also meant that winter was leaving and that ahead(向前) were spring, the warmth of the sun and return of vegetation(植物生長) to the fields. 5、他們用一串串的彩燈裝飾圣誕樹。 They trim(裝飾) their Christmas trees with strings(一串) of colored lights. 6、他們把白紙片撒在樹上和周圍,用白紙包住圣誕樹的底部,仿佛樹上白雪皚皚。 They throw little pieces of white paper over the trees and put white paper or a white sheet(床單) around the feet of the trees, so that they seem to be covered with snow. 7、小伙子們把親吻有意無意地站在樹下的漂亮姑娘看作他們的特權。 The youths regard(把認作) it as their privilege(特權) to kiss any pretty young girl who wittingly(有意地) or unwittingly stands under it. 8、在樹下親吻這一風俗源于十七世紀的英國。 Kissing under the tree originated(起源) in Britain in the early 17 th century. 10、小孩在圣誕夜把長統(tǒng)襪掛在床邊,他們相信睡著的時候,圣誕老人就會來看他們。 Little children hang up their stockings on Christmas Eve near their beds, and they believe that when they are asleep, Santa Claus will come to visit them. 12、許多城鎮(zhèn)都在公園內樹起很大的圣誕樹。 Many towns have very large Christmas trees set up outdoors in the parks. 14、普通群眾創(chuàng)造了關于圣誕老人的各種傳說,以表達對孩子深深的愛意。 The common people have created(創(chuàng)造) legends(傳說) of Santa Claus as a symbol(象征) of their deep love for the children. 第八課 1、你務必于下午兩點半來參加會議 Be sure to attend the meeting at half past two in the afternoon. (2006-4考過了 ) 4、如果你處在他的位置上,你就會同情他了。 If you put yourself into his shoes, you will be sympathetic( 同情 ) with him. 5、老人已經九十歲了,手術后能活下來真是幸運。 The old man was 90 years old and lucky to come through his operation(手術) . 6、當別人講話時,不要插嘴。 Please don t cut in when someone is speaking. 7、只要你找出你的弱點,并加以克服,你一定會成為一名優(yōu)秀生。 As long as you find out your shortcoming and overcome it, you are sure to become one excellent (極好的) student. 14 8、上課集中注意力聽 老師講解意味著課后少花力氣。 Listening to the teacher carefully in class means little work after class. 9、在重要的場合,要穿著得體大方。 When you are in important occasion(場合) , you must wear in good taste(味道) . 11、這些數(shù)學題我解答不了。 These mathematics questions are over my head. 12、如果你想解決這個問題,你最好 先找出基本的矛盾。 If you want to solve the problem, you had better find out the principal contradiction. 第九課 1、這些規(guī)章仍然有效。 These regulations continue in effect(作用) . 2、政府應該在洪水過后為老百姓提供足夠的資金用來重建。 After the flood(洪水) , the government should put up enough funds for the masses to rebuild their hometown. 3、去年我們獲得了棉花豐收。 Last year we brought in a good cotton harvest. 4、理論的基礎是實踐,又轉過來為實踐服務。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 5、這次會談以雙方達成一致協(xié)議結束。 The negotiation ended up with signing the agreement. ( 我記單詞悶了就找點樂子,記得還 很深!會談 negotiation 這個單詞的諧音是:“你狗屎一身”,是不是很好記?把它想成你與隨便一個討厭的人會談好了;還有 starvation,可以想成星星 (star) 為什么餓死? )不就是“饑餓”了嗎? ) 6、不要在上班時間來訪。 Dont call in anybody on work. 7、新來的秘書是個敏捷的、效率高的工作人員,老板對她很滿意。 The new secretary is a quick, efficient worker, and the boss is quite satisfied with her. 8、你不需要下雨時外出,因為商店可以免費送貨上門。 You don t have to go out into the rain since the store delivers(遞送) free of charge. 9、蒼蠅在窗簾上跳來跳去,弄上了許多污點。 The flies tapped and blurred(弄臟) at the window curtain(門簾) . 10、你能從它的上下文說出這個詞的意思嗎? Can you tell the meaning of this word from its context? 11、真正的權力屬于人民。 The real power resides in the people. 12、科幻小說不能簡單地看成是供消遣的,而實際上它給讀者展示更深刻的內容。 A science(科幻) fiction(小說) cannot be regarded as a more entertainment(娛樂) , but in fact it tells the reader much more. 第十課 2、在中國,幾乎所有年輕的母親都有職業(yè),但隨 著步入中年,人數(shù)越來越少。 In china, nearly all young mothers are employed 15 outside the home, with their numbers decreasing as they approach(接近) middle age. 3、以后,孩子長大了。老兩口靠丈夫的收入加上妻子的養(yǎng)老金,生活就不太困難了。 Later on, when the children grow up, the older couple(夫婦) can more easily live on the husband s earnings plus(加上) the wife s pension(養(yǎng)老金) . 6、生活費用的增加需要更多的美國年輕婦女幫助養(yǎng)家。 The rising costs of living require more young American women to help support(支撐、幫助) their families. 7、要是送孩子上幼兒園和自己上下班的汽車壞了怎麼辦? What if the car, necessary to get the child to the daycare center and herself to and from her job, breaks down? 8、在中國,年輕的母親工作,祖母在照看孩子和料理家務上起了不可估量的作用。 In China, grandmothers play an invaluable role in taking care of children and households while the young parents are at work. 9、奶奶成了家庭中的重要成員,供吃管住是對他們 的報答。 Grannies become important members of the family, and they are housed and fed return. 10、在美國,必須這樣做的老年婦女可能有被當作傭人使的感覺。 In America, an older woman who had to fill this role would be likely to feel she was being made a kind of servant. 13、同中國婦女相比,美國婦女似乎不愿 向上司大膽表述自己的意見。 Compared with Chinese women, American women seem less inclined(傾向) to speak up easily to the boss. ( 2006-4 考過了) 第十一課 1、一名有自己風格的演員不應該效仿別人。 As an actor with one s own unique(獨特的) style(風格) , one should not follow in other s footsteps. 2、沒有什麼 東西能確保永久的幸福。 Nothing can assure(保證) permanent(永久的) happiness. 3、我父親堅持認為我應該嫁給一個有名的藝術家。 My father insisted that I should marry into a famous artist. 4、據說,后

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