九大狀語從句重難點講解.doc

狀語從句分類：（九大類）時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、方式、比較。part 1 時間狀語從句：最常用的連接詞：when，while，as , before , after , as soon as, until, not until 次常見的連接詞: the momentminute, immediately, hardlywhen, no sooner than問題一：l we wew swimming in the lake_suddenly the storm started.awhen bwhile cuntil dbeforel he was about to tell me the secret _someone patted him on the shoulderaas buntil cwhile dwhenl -did jack come back early last night? -yes,it was not yet 8:00 _he arrived home.abefore bwhen cthat duntill he was about halfway through his meal_a familiar voice came to his ears.awhy bwhere cwhen dwhile一、時間狀從中連接詞when的用法小結(jié)：1、when引導(dǎo)的時間狀從的謂語動詞可以是可延續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性的動詞，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生 或 從句動作先于主句動作。例：when the film ended,the people went back.when i lived there,i used to go to the seashore on sundays.2、可用作并列連詞，其意義是“那時，這時”，相當(dāng)于and at thisthat time.常用于以下句式：was about to do sth. whenbe (on the point of) doing sth. when(剛要這時突然)e.g.i was about to stop pretending to being listening to the class to listen to what the teachers said when mr. li shouted at me so loudly that the whole class can hear.3、還可以表示原因“既然”，相當(dāng)于since,considering that.如：it was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes.問題二：l the cost of living in glasgow is among the lowest in britain,_the quality of life is probably one of the highest.asince bwhen cas dwhilel _i accept that he is not perfect,i do actually like the person.awhile bsince cbefore dunless二、時間狀從中連接詞while 的用法小結(jié)：1、while 引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，強調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)，主從句動作同時發(fā)生，或主從句中的動作或事物在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生。如：please dont talk so loud while others are working.2、while作為并列連詞，意為“然而，卻”，表示對比。i was reading while my father was watching tv.3、while可表示盡管,相當(dāng)于althoughi have to give up because of you while i like it so much.問題3：l _i get older ,i get more optimistic.l he hurried home,looking behind _he went.l _he was going out,it began to rain.asince bwhen cas dwhile三、只用as,不用when或while的情況1、用于表示同一個人的兩種動作交替進行，指“一邊一邊”，如：the girl sings as she goes to school.2、表示兩個同步發(fā)生的動作或行為，如：as time went by,she became more and more beautiful.3、表示兩個動作緊跟著發(fā)生，如：as he was going out,is began to rain,4、接在名詞后面表示某一個年齡段時。如：as a young man, he was active in sports.四、連接詞when,while,as的用法區(qū)別:1、while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可持續(xù)的，而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以是可持續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞。whenwhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang.when i stopped my car,a man came up to me.(while不可用)2、從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用when 引導(dǎo)，不可用whileas,如：when you have finished your work,you may have a rest.3、表示“隨著”,連詞用as,不用whenwhile,如：as the election approached,the violenve got worse.4、如果主句表示的是短暫性的動作，從句用延續(xù)性動作的進行時態(tài)表示一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作時，三者可互相交換使用。如：whenwhileas i was walking down the street,i came across an old friend of mine.五、其他引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連接詞：1、一些詞，如the momentminuteinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,no soonerthan等，也可因的一個時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as的意思。如：e.g.we will come across this situation the moment (when)your most important relatives leave you.it is not wise that we stop our lesson immediately (when) the bell rings if we cant finish our task.2、一些含有time 的名詞短語，如everyeachnext time,by the time 等，以及the dayyear,the morning等也可以引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。如：e.g.so many thousands of people died everytime there was an outbreak.the day he returned home,his father was already dead.next time you come ,please bring your id card.3、如果hardly 或no sooner或 scarcely置于句首，句子必須用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：hardly had i got home when it began to rain.問題4：l -was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-yes,he has never praised him_he became one of the top students in the class.a、after bunless cuntil dwhenl a good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiority _he reaches the end of the story.awhen bunless cafter duntill it was not _she took off her dark glasses _i realized she was a famous film star.awhen;that buntil;that cuntil;when dwhen;then六、till,until和notuntil用法：1、untiltill引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句用于肯定句中時，主句的動詞時延續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到untiltill所表示的時間，意為“某動作一直持續(xù)到某時間點才停止”，譯為“直到為止”。you may stay here until the rain stops.2、用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞時非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定，意為“直到才”，如：he wouldnt go to bed till/until he had finished the work.3、until 可以置于句首，till不行。如：until you told me , i had no idea for it.4、notuntill句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：it iswas not until thatnot until+從句+助動詞+主句。例：e.g.it was not until you told me that i had some idea for it. not until you told me did i hace any idea for it.七、連接詞before的小結(jié)：1、詞義：the american civil war lasted four years before the north won in the end.(在之后，才)he rushed out of the room before i could say a word.(還沒來得及，就)it was evening before we reached the little town of winster.(在之前就)he make a mistake,but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.(沒等就)2、其他句型：1、it+（will/would）be +時間段+before “過了（多長時間）才”it will be some time before we know whether the drug takes effect or not.it was quite a few years before he finally finished the novel.2、it+（will/would）be not +時間段+before “過不了多久就”it will be not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the surviors of the air crash.it wasnt 2 years before you go to join in the final examination.3、it+be+時間點+before “發(fā)生時，是(時間)”it was not yet 8:00 before he arrived home.八、連接詞since的用法：注：since的用法主要有兩點：一是表示“自從以來”，二是表示“既然”。1、 若since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時，則從句表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一刻起”。如：he has studied very hard since he came to our school.we have been missing them since they left here.2、 若since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞的過去時時，則從句表示的時間是“從持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起”。如：i havent heard any noise since i slept. sleep為持續(xù)性動詞，sleep的動作結(jié)束時，即“醒來”時，譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲響?！眏ohn is now with his parents in new york .it is already 3 years since he was a teacher.3、 若since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時），其表示的時間的起點應(yīng)從動作之時算起。如：i havent heard from him since he has lived there.這里的has lived表示動作的持續(xù)性，時間的起點應(yīng)從“開始居住”時算起，“自從他（開始）住在那兒，我就一直沒有收到他的來信”since we have owned a car,we have gone camping every year.4、 句型it is +一段時間+since與it has been +一段時間+since意思相同，時間的計算從since從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。但是，在該句型中，since從句中同樣存在著謂語動詞的終止性和延續(xù)性的區(qū)別。例：it is 2 years since he left the country.it is 3 years since the whites were in london.it is 5 years since the boy became a young pioneer.(_)it is 5 years since the boy was a young pioneer.(_)part2 地點狀從 part3原因狀從 part4 比較狀從 part5 目的狀從 part6 結(jié)構(gòu)狀從 part7 條件狀從問題5：the wto can not live up to its name _it does include a country that is home to one fifth of the mankind.aas long as bwhile cif deven thoughit is known to all that _you exercise regularly,you wont keep good health.aunless bwhenever calthough dif1、 unless=if not,意思是“除非”、“如果不就”._i can see,there is one possible way yo keep away from the danger.aas long as bas far as cjust as deven if i always take something to read when i go to the doctors _i have to wait.ain case bso that cin or