高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 步驟化寫作增分 第二步 過句子關(guān) 第二講 句子如何寫美講義.doc

第二講 句子如何寫美第1課時(shí)從形式上錯(cuò)落有致寫作時(shí)應(yīng)避免使用相同長度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長短句結(jié)合，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句和復(fù)合句并用，還可以使用簡(jiǎn)化句等，這樣可以增加文章亮點(diǎn)。一、讓簡(jiǎn)單句“靚”起來擴(kuò)寫簡(jiǎn)單句在簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上充分利用形容詞、副詞、定語從句和狀語從句等來充實(shí)句子，讓句子體現(xiàn)作者較高的修辭意識(shí)。he is sleeping.he is sleeping in class.(添加狀語)he is sleeping in the english class.(添加定語)he is sleeping soundly in the english class.(添加狀語)he is sleeping soundly in the english class when the teacher calls his name.(添加when連接的狀語從句)he, who attended his friends birthday party till midnight yesterday, is sleeping soundly in the english class when the teacher calls his name.(添加who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)注意：擴(kuò)寫句子時(shí)有一點(diǎn)很關(guān)鍵，即要明晰句子的主要成分，并搞清單詞的詞性，如：它是名詞還是動(dòng)詞，是形容詞還是副詞。二、讓句子“瘦”下來高級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單句有些句子過于冗長，讓句子顯得不夠簡(jiǎn)潔，如果用單詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞等簡(jiǎn)化句子，可使句子變得更加優(yōu)美。1用單詞簡(jiǎn)化句子as he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.2用介詞短語簡(jiǎn)化句子we will not finish the task if you do not help us.without your help, we will not finish the task.3用非謂語動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化句子mary came late, which made her teacher angry.marys coming late made her teacher angry.because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.4用并列結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化句子i am a music lover. jack is also a music lover.both jack and i are music lovers.三、交叉使用長句與短句在英語寫作中，過多地使用長句或過多地使用短句都不好，正確的做法是，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況在文章中交替使用長句與短句，使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力。例中午我們?cè)陉柟庀鲁砸安?。休息了一?huì)兒后，我們唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，還有的講故事、下棋，大家玩得很開心。一般句at noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.then we had a short rest.then we began to play happily.we sang and danced.some told stories.some played chess.優(yōu)秀句at noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.after a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess.四、恰當(dāng)套用某些固定表達(dá)方式例1他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句he was very tired.he couldnt walk any farther.優(yōu)秀句he was too tired to walk any farther.例2這部電影很有趣，老師和學(xué)生都很喜歡。一般句the film was very interesting.both the teachers and the students liked it.優(yōu)秀句the film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.例3你的兒子已經(jīng)長大，現(xiàn)在可以自己照顧自己了。一般句your son is old.he can look after himself now.優(yōu)秀句your son is old enough to look after himself now. .句型轉(zhuǎn)化(改為高級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單句)1we know of different cultures by learning english.learning_english gives us an access to an exploration of a variety of cultures.2it was a whole day before we got to the top of the mountain on foot.it_took_us_a_whole_day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.3i wasnt good at communicating with others, which made me feel lonely.not_being_good_at_communicating_with_others made me feel lonely.4as time went on, the class are beginning to know me better.with_time_going_on,_the class are beginning to know me better.5they stayed in the cave and had nothing to eat.they stayed in the cave, with_nothing_to_eat.6i think that helping the poor is our duty.i think it our duty to_help_the_poor.7we talked about mr.smith who is our new teacher.we talked about mr.smith, our_new_teacher.8because she is working hard, she is bound to rank first in the coming exam.working_hard,_she is bound to rank first in the coming exam.9if you speak more, write more and read more, you can improve your english before you know them.by_speaking_more,_writing_more_and_reading_more,_you can improve your english before you know them.10shanghai, which is one of the biggest cities in china, is the most developed.shanghai, one_of_the_biggest_cities_in_china,_is the most developed.將下列句子改為高級(jí)句1he is so kind that he can help me.he is so_kind_as_to_help_me.(so .as to .)2when he arrives, please give me an email.on_arriving/his_arrival,_please give me an email.(on doing/sth.)3i happened to have met him.it_happened_that_i_had_met_him.(it happened that .)4i wont believe what he says.no_matter_what_he_says,_i wont believe.(no matter what .)5she walked out of the lab and many students followed her.followed_by_many_students,_she walked out of the lab.(過去分詞短語作狀語)第2課時(shí)從內(nèi)容上意蘊(yùn)豐滿一、靈活改變句子開頭在通常情況下，英語句子的排列方式為“主語謂語賓語”，即主語位于句子開頭。但若根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)改變句子的開頭方式，比如使用倒裝語序或以狀語開頭等，就會(huì)增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力。在寫作中，倒裝句型應(yīng)用比較廣泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒裝和全部倒裝。1“only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語”置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015湖南高考滿分作文)只有用這種方法，我們學(xué)生才能愉快、有效地學(xué)習(xí)。2none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定詞，以及表示否定意義的介詞短語如at no time, by no means等置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。no sooner/hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.他剛一結(jié)束講話就被興奮的工人們圍了起來。3在so/such . that .結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such .位于句首時(shí)，其后的句子用部分倒裝。so clearly does he speak english that he can always make himself understood.他說英語說得如此清晰，以至于別人都能聽懂。4as/though“盡管”child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy.雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但他知道很多天文學(xué)知識(shí)。5were/should/had .“如果”were i in his position, i wouldnt do it that way.如果我在他的位置上，我是不會(huì)那么做的。looking back, i feel i wouldnt be able to ride a bike had i lost heart.(2014福建高考書面表達(dá))回顧以往，我感覺如果我失去了信心就學(xué)不會(huì)騎自行車。6here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞而不是代詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。in that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015上海高考滿分作文)在圖畫中，三個(gè)學(xué)生圍坐在桌子周圍，桌子上有三本書。for a moment nothing happened. then came voices all shouting together.有一段時(shí)間什么也沒發(fā)生，然后傳來了大家一起喊叫的聲音。二、合理使用省略句在英語中，為了避免重復(fù)而省去某些重復(fù)的部分，這種現(xiàn)象叫省略。合理恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂檬÷跃?，不僅可以使文章精練、簡(jiǎn)潔，而且會(huì)使文章更具文采和可讀性。1祈使句中通常省略主語、謂語的一部分、表語等重復(fù)的部分。(it) sounds like a good idea.聽上去是一個(gè)好辦法。are you thirsty?yes, i am (thirsty)你口渴嗎？是的，我很渴。lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.讓我們還在昨天的老地方見面。2兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。my brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.我哥哥是醫(yī)生，我嫂子是律師。3在以when, while, once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句及以if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中和though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語一致或者從句主語是it，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中可省去“主語be”部分。unless (he is) invited, he wont come.除非邀請(qǐng)他，否則他不會(huì)來。if (it is) possible, im going to visit some nursing homes in the city.如果有可能的話，我將去探望市里的幾家敬老院。三、適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)眾所周知，作文中出現(xiàn)過多的簡(jiǎn)單句會(huì)讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而文章中過多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費(fèi)勁。而恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅顯得句式多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡(jiǎn)意明。(一)運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句寫作時(shí)，我們可以利用非謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式。轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。in the newspaper of our school there is a column called “foreign cultures”it aims to introduce american customs and the life of high school students.第二步：讓句作主句，用非謂語動(dòng)詞改寫句。第三步：讓句作定語，由于其動(dòng)詞aim與主語it之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。in the newspaper of our school there is a column called “foreign cultures”， aiming to introduce american customs and the life of high school students.(2015全國卷滿分作文)試用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換下面句子：consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.this led to a slower growth.consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading_to_a_slower_growth.(2017江蘇高考書面表達(dá))it carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. they are written by foreign friends.it carries articles written_by_foreign_fri