if虛擬語氣.doc

。英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣：陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣（用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不太可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。）虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)：1. 條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2. 條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3. 名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4. 幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5. 虛擬語氣時(shí)態(tài)的判定。一、If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句區(qū)別：If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陳述語氣If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虛擬語氣真實(shí)條件狀語從句與非真實(shí)條件狀語從句真：eg.Ifhedoesnthurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快點(diǎn)，他將錯(cuò)過巴士。(真實(shí)條件狀語)（不是虛擬語氣）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空閑的，他會(huì)要求我講故事。（真實(shí)條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣）非真：eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我馬上就會(huì)去。（非真實(shí)條件狀語從句）二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中：【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。（與過去事實(shí)相反）2. If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you.明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。（與將來事實(shí)可能相反）3. If i were you，i would go at once.假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你）主從句的謂語形式時(shí)間If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在did/wereWould/could/should/might+V.（原原過去had doneWould/could/should/might+have+p.p將來1. did/were2. should do3. were to doWould/could/should/might+V.（原）（一）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，例1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你）2. IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告訴你。（事實(shí)：不知道）3. Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。(事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水)4. IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我?guī)уX了，我就會(huì)借給你些。（事實(shí)：沒帶錢）5. Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實(shí)：沒有努力If+主+did（were），主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形（二）與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句例：1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了）2. Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。（事實(shí)：沒有聽我的話）If+主+had done sth，主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式（have done）（三）表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)例：1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來的可能性很?。?.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實(shí)：不知能否下雪）3. IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。If+主+did（were to/should do），主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形（在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，should動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should可省略。）（4） 有時(shí)，主句和條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整從句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊稼會(huì)長得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。（5） if虛擬句的倒裝當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。如果條件狀語中有were，had，should時(shí)，可以倒裝成：were/should/had+主+其他If i were you，i would try it again. 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。 Were i you,If he had been there yesterday，he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday,If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow,（六）非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語中，如without.,butfor.等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。（7） 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應(yīng)該能通過這次考試了。省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。1. the exam，he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passed C.Were he passed D.If he should pass2. five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arrive C.Had you arrive D.Should you arrive翻譯句子：1.If_(如果明天不下雨的話),wewillgotothezoo.2_(如果你生病了),youmustseethedoctor.3.Youllhavetohavearest_（如果你感到累）4_(如果我們訓(xùn)練海豚),theyperformtricks.5Parrotsrepeatwords_(如果你教他們)6_(如果老虎住在野外),theywillhuntfortheirownfood.7.Ifyoudonothurryup,_.(你會(huì)上學(xué)遲到).練習(xí)以及解析1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_afewminutesearlier,you_him.A. come;wouldmeet B.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeet D.hadcome;wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbe B.wouldbe C.havebeen D.hadbeen5.Helookedasifhe_illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight.A.went B.couldgo C.havegone D.couldhavegone9. I cantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A. BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach16.Hesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo19.WouldyouratherI_buyinganewbike?A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20. Youlooksotiredtonight.Itishigh timeyou_.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21. Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.A. hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew,_.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Iftheydonlyletusknowearlier,_atthestation.A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthem26. IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.had C.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethathe_so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak30.HadIknownhername,_A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.翻譯句子：1.itdoesntraintomorrow2.Ifyouareill3.ifyoufeeltired4.Ifwetraindolphins5.ifyouteachthem 6.Iftigersliveinthewild7.youwillbelateforschool15BBDD610DAD1115CD 1620ACAD2125DBCCC2630DCCCD3135DDCCB3640DCACD解析：1.wish后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。2. 條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用過去將來完成時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。3. asif后面如果表示真實(shí)情況就不用虛擬。5. asif后面是真實(shí)情況，不虛擬。7.couldhavedone表示“本來可以”。9.asif表示不可能發(fā)生的事情時(shí)用虛擬語氣。本句as though后面是與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣 所以用