陜西省咸陽市高考英語閱讀理解（21）.doc

陜西省咸陽市2014高考英語閱讀理解（21）及答案 【2014高考英語吉林省實驗中學(xué)一模試題】“a good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right” says mollie hunter. born and brought up near edinburgh，mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. she firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is. in mollies opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story，which is what every writer should be doing. “if you arent telling a story, youre a very dead writer indeed.” she says. with the chief function of a writer being to entertain，mollie is indeed an entertainer. “i have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,” she says. “this love goes back to early childhood. i had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and，because my family always had dogs，and i was very good at handling them，i said i wanted to work with dogs，and the teacher always said nonsense，mollie；dear，youll be a writer. so finally i thought that this woman must have something，since she was a good teacher and i decided when i was nine that i would be a writer.”this childhood intention is described in her novel，a sound of chariots，which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical (自傳體的) and gives a picture both of mollies ambition and her struggle towards its achievement. thoughts of her childhood inevitably (不可避免地) brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fieldssadly now covered with modern houses. “i was once taken back to see it and i felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. ill never go back，”she said “never. when i set one of my books in scotland” she said “i can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields，or watching the village blacksmith at work. and thats important because children now know so much so early that romance cant exist for them, as it did for us.”60. what does mollie hunter feel about the nature of a good book?ait should not aim at a narrow audience.bit should be attractive to young readers.cit should be based on original ideas.dit should not include too much conversation.61. in mollie hunters opinion，which of the following is one sign of a poor writer?abeing poor in life experience.bbeing short of writing skills.cthe weakness of description.dthe absence of a story.62. what do we learn about mollie hunter as a young child?ashe didnt expect to become a writer.bshe didnt enjoy writing stories.cshe didnt have any particular ambitions.dshe didnt respect her teachers views.63. whats the writers purpose in this text?ato share her enjoyment of mollie hunters books.bto introduce mollie hunters work to a wider audience.cto provide information for mollie hunters existing readers.dto describe mollie hunters most successful books.【參考答案】【參考答案】60-63 adab 閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（18）passage fourteen (pageants)pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. this sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. from the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. this is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. no longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. the location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.if money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. when there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. these are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.the use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. if these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. the same can be said of the use of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlandsanything which will help to have a unifying effect. any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. the main idea of this passage isa. pageants. . costumes on the stage.c. costumes for pageants. d. how to arrange a pageant.2. it can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is a. money. . color. c. harmony d. texture3. why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?a. because pageants take place in daylight in the open air. because different characters require different costumes.c. because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.d. because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. why do most pageants have a historical flavour?a. because most pageants take place for celebration. many pageants take place for amusement.c. a lot of pageants take place for religion.d. because pageants usually take place for competition.vocabulary1. conceive 設(shè)想，想象 to be conceived 設(shè)想好的，構(gòu)思好的2. under the auspices of 在的主辦下3. meager 貧乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 風(fēng)味，風(fēng)格，情趣6. archive(s) 檔案（館）7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依賴，求助于 11. drape 覆蓋，披上12. invaluable 無價的，非常貴重的13. tunic （古時）長達(dá)膝蓋的外衣，穿在盔甲上的戰(zhàn)袍14. chenille 繩絨絨（織品）15. jumble 混亂，搞亂16. pennant 細(xì)長三角旗17. garland 花環(huán)，花冠難句譯注1. this sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。that是主句的賓語從句，從句后再有從句。參考譯文 這種情況，有時就表示有一個可用于演出目的資金配額。遺憾的是配額一般都少而不足，就得動用非常之才能細(xì)細(xì)的使用金額，使所有的演員都能穿上合適的戲裝。2. most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 主從句參考譯文 大多數(shù)露天演出都帶有歷史情調(diào)，因為這些戲一般是通過慶祝某個重大的歷史事件，或慶祝當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€值得紀(jì)念的人誕辰或逝世周年而產(chǎn)生的。3. this is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. no longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：主句this is后有定語從句，which修飾costumes。從句中又套從句。參考譯文 這和人為燈光下看的設(shè)計服裝完全不一樣。首先，白天看到幕景易于受許多因素影響，不再能用一片漆黑的環(huán)境把周圍的一切隔開，而是相反，演員后和觀眾中有點紛亂的動作，很容易看到。4. very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 并列句，中用分號隔開。第一句中有when seen 連詞+過去分詞，實質(zhì)起從句作用。第二句是主從句。參考譯文 設(shè)計出的非常具有戲劇性效果的服裝，在光天化日，有樹木，有綠茵茵的草地，又有爬滿常春藤的古老圍墻的背景下，經(jīng)?？雌饋硎遣黄鹧郏涸谔没实淖≌闹芤黄蜕{(diào)前，所穿的服裝效果同樣不太好。5. if money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 條件句，主句為邏輯主句，注意中間兩個被動不定式。to be done by, than to be given out, 這里的than起連詞作用。參考譯文 如果有錢可以為演員著裝而不用求助自己供應(yīng)種種物件，那么最好把所有的戲裝的裁減和縫制交給一，兩個有經(jīng)驗人去干，而不是讓群體演員和單個演員去完成。寫作方法與文章大意文章論述露天演出的服裝問題，由于露天演出不同于室內(nèi)，劇院內(nèi)演出，要從各個方面考慮服裝問題，才能獲得應(yīng)有的舞臺效果。作者從資金多少，地方色彩，露天，白天，顏色搭配等方面來論述服裝。寫法多種，有因果，對比，舉例等。答案祥解1. c. 露天演出的服裝。第一段末尾已經(jīng)點明，“一般認(rèn)為露天演出規(guī)模宏大，常常是由某個地方或當(dāng)局（民政局主辦贊助），或總是和某個地方集團有關(guān)。這意味著有用于演出目的資金配額，遺憾的是配額一般很少，必須動用非常的才能，細(xì)細(xì)的使用資金，所有演員才能窗上恰當(dāng)?shù)姆b。”其他各段各有重點，但都是服務(wù)于劇裝這一中心。a. 露天演出。 b. 舞臺劇裝（包括劇場）。 d. 如何安排露天演出；涉及面或大或小，不適合。2. c. 和諧。服裝設(shè)計中最重要的因素是和諧。這一點在幾段中都提到，第二段最后一句“演員的主題必須以群體設(shè)計，頭腦中必須經(jīng)常記住群體效果?！钡谌巫詈笠痪洹氨仨氀芯垦莩龅牡乩砦恢?，決出什么樣的顏色和織物，能和環(huán)境，條件，達(dá)到最完美和諧?！钡谖宥螌Ｖv顏色搭配，“應(yīng)當(dāng)從總體考慮顏色，這樣才有亮和暗的群體對比，幫助產(chǎn)生實感的視覺效果，一群穿著雜七雜八顏色服裝的演員聚集在一起看起來亂哄哄。缺乏戲劇效果?！边@也是和諧之要求。a. 錢。錢要考慮。出前兩段外，第三段最后一句，講完和諧后，也提到“盡可能以能到手的資金加以實現(xiàn)這決定?！钡谒亩沃小霸阱X很少或是沒有錢的情況下，服裝得降到基本需要”，下面就講利用被單，浴巾，窗簾做服裝，所以錢在服裝設(shè)計中很重要，但不能列為最重要因素，有錢沒有錢都得以服裝協(xié)調(diào)為主。 b. 顏色。d. 織品。同樣都的服從和諧這一前提。3. d. 因為能得到資金的配額都很少。第一段最后一句話，見第一題譯注。a. 因為在光天化日下演出。 b. 因為不同演員要求不同服裝。 c. 顏色和織物必須和布景諧調(diào)。這些只是考慮的因素。見上面譯文。4. a. 因為大多數(shù)露天演出都是為紀(jì)念慶祝。第二段第一句“露天演出一般都是某個具有歷史意義事件，或者當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€值得紀(jì)念的人物的誕辰和逝世周年，所以大多數(shù)露天演出都具有歷史紀(jì)念色彩?！眀. 許多露天演出是為了娛樂。 c. 許多露天演出是為了宗教。 d. 因為露天演出一般是參與競賽。三項都不對?！?013界江蘇省鹽城中一?！縞antidepressant（抗憂郁）drugs such as prozac were viewed in the early 1900s as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. but in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. and now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients depression worse. this alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin（血清素）. drugs such as prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors（or ssris）. their aim is to increase the level of this “feel-good” chemical in the brain. but the new research, published in the journal frontiers in evolutionary psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical swiss army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. and when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. these can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the studys lead researcher paul andrews. “ we need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs,” says andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at mcmaster university in ontario, canada. previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. famous psychologist irving kirsch has found that for many patients, ssris are no more effective than a placebo pill. a research in 2010 on danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used ssris in early pregnancy. the key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says andrews. serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of ssri drugs. he argues that ssri antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before. “after long use, when a patient stops taking ssris, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production,” he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. these changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years. most disturbingly of all, andrews review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. one study, published in the british medical journal last year, found patients given ssris were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs. “serotonin is an ancient chemical,” says andrews. “it is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm.”stafford lightman, professor of medicine at the university of bristol, and a leading uk expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says andrews review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. “this report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do,” he says. “drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. nevertheless, andrews study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. ” professor lightman adds that there is still a great deal we dont know a