中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)8.定語(yǔ)從句解及習(xí)題.doc

定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)一、 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞 或代詞 的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. that 指人，物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于先行詞+ s, 后接一名詞。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I dont like those cities whose roads are dirty.注：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。三、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于介詞+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個(gè)句子。1、 when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ on/ in/ during which.Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2、 where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where( at which ) I studied.3、 why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which.Thats the real reason why (for which ) he was late.四、關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法 （一）、關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí), 用that而不用which的情況:1 . 先行詞為something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代詞時(shí)。Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt2 . 先行詞有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修飾時(shí)。e.g. This is the very book that Im looking for .3 . 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)(或所修飾)時(shí)。e.g. This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen . When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .4 . the same 修飾先行詞時(shí) , 定語(yǔ)從句要用that 或as引導(dǎo) , 但意義不同。e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那個(gè))5. There be 后面的定語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo) , 不用which 。e.g. Theres a seat in the corner that is still free . 6. 句子前面出現(xiàn)了who , which 時(shí) , 后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。e.g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before .7 . 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。e.g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago . Tom isnt the man that he used to be9. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 只能用that。 e.g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday (二) 、 which的特殊用法：1. 關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 , 有時(shí)不是修飾某個(gè)先行詞 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容 。特別注意，非限定定語(yǔ)從句中prep+which 時(shí)，which 只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry . (三)、 關(guān)系代詞as的用法：當(dāng)先行詞有such , so , the same等修飾時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞要用as ； as在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is . 2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別 ：. as從句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which從句只能在主句后。e.g. _ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan . A . Which B . When C . What D . As 請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：( 請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 三、單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( ) 10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that（ ）11. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom（ ）12. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one （ ）13. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it （ ）14. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it （ ）15. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree（ ）16. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D.who ( )17. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D.of which.( )18. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was ( )19. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who ( )20. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in ( )21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who( )22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who( )23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who( )24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that( )25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what( )26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it( )27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when( )28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./( )29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which( )30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after( )31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what( )32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.whoa. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？ c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can