選修7第二單元補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

選修7第二單元補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)1embarrass v She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go她感到很尷尬，叫他趕快走開(kāi)。 Are you trying to embarrass me?你是不是想讓我難堪?I felt embarrassed atby his comments about my clothes 他對(duì)我的衣服說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短讓我很難堪。 She felt embarrassed atby her being late她因遲到而焦慮不安。 embarrass用作動(dòng)詞，主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：使窘迫；使難堪；使焦慮不安。 embarrassment是其名詞形式。有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：困窘，難堪；讓人難堪的人或事。 embarrassing是形容詞，“令人難堪的；讓人不安的”。 embarrassed也是形容詞，“感到難堪的；不安的”。2.envy v. What a sweet victory to be envied by those woman 一場(chǎng)多令那些婦女嫉妒的甜蜜勝利啊! I envy your success=I envy you your success 我羨慕你的成功， n. His new car excited their envy他的新車(chē)激起了他們的嫉妒。 She is the envy of the whole street. 她是整條街上人們羨慕的偶像。 envy既可作名詞又可作動(dòng)詞。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)固定搭配；+名詞；+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 envy作名詞主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：羨慕，嫉妒；令人羨慕的對(duì)象。 envious是其形容詞，固定搭配形式：be envious of。3. divorce n Soon after his divorce in 1873，Asimov married again 在他1973年離婚后不久，Asimov再婚了。 v.They are divorcing each other 他們正鬧離婚。 She divorced her husband two years ago. 她兩年前同丈夫離婚了。 We shouldnt divorce theory from practice 我們不應(yīng)該把理論與實(shí)踐分開(kāi)。 divorce既可作名詞又可作動(dòng)詞。作動(dòng)詞主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：離婚；使離婚。 常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有：ask for a divorce；get divorced；divorcefrom4 certain (1) 作前置定語(yǔ)，意為“某個(gè)，某些” (2) 意為“確定的，有把握的” 用法相當(dāng)于sure 一般可互換。但在It is certain that 句型中只能用certain be sure of sth Im sure of the victory. sure be sure to do sth We are sure to win the match. be sure that Im sure that he can come on time.5 experiment (1) n“試驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)”常用詞組：make /perform /carry out/ conduct an experiment進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)/實(shí)驗(yàn) (2) vi experiment with 測(cè)試，嘗試 6 absent (1)缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的 (+from) be absent from school/ a meeting / work 不上學(xué)/不到會(huì)/缺勤 Three members of the class were absent this morning. He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong.他不在香港。 (2) 不在意的，漫不經(jīng)心的,心不在焉的 an absent expression / look 茫然的表情/樣子 an absent look on his face He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望著我。He had an absent look on his face.他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。absence (n) absence of mind心不在焉的 in ones absence =in the absence of sb 在背地里，在某人不在時(shí) （3）缺少的,不存在的Snow is absent in his country. 他的國(guó)家不下雪。（4）vt. 不在；缺席 Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你為何不到校？absent 的反義詞是present出席的,在場(chǎng)的 How many people were present at the meeting? 到會(huì)的有多少人?7 persuade 說(shuō)服（成功地說(shuō)服了某人做某事）如果表示說(shuō)而不服用try to persuade sb to do sth 或advise sb to do sth 常見(jiàn)用法persuade sb to do sth persuade sb into doing sth persuade sb that-clause persuade sb out of doing sth(1.) 說(shuō)服,勸服(+into/out of)/ (+sb to do sth.) She persuaded me into buying it.她說(shuō)服我買(mǎi)下了它。The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.那個(gè)推銷(xiāo)員說(shuō)服了我們買(mǎi)他的產(chǎn)品。He persuaded her to go/into going with him . I persuaded him out of smoking . I advised him to do it but he wouldnt.= I tried to persuade him to do it but he wouldnt.(2). 使某人相信 (+of) / (+that) How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我怎樣才能使你相信我的誠(chéng)意呢?We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project.我們想盡辦法以使他們相信我們確實(shí)對(duì)這一計(jì)劃感興趣。 8 elegant 高雅的，優(yōu)雅的 an elegant woman 高雅的女士 elegant manners優(yōu)美的舉止 an elegant piece of furniture 反義詞：inelegant elegance (n) elegantly (adv) 9 reach for 伸手觸到，抓到He reached for his gun . I reached across the table for the jam.伸手到桌子那端去拿 reach out ( to sb/sth ) 幫忙 We must reach out to those in need. beyond /out of reach 手不可及，夠不到 within reach 伸手可及 10 strike (struck, struck/ stricken) (1) 打，擊，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次 Strike while the iron is hot.(2)觸（礁），撞 His head struck the table as he fell. (1)發(fā)起進(jìn)攻/襲擊；（災(zāi)難，疾?。┣忠u Our troops struck the enemy camp at dawn. This area was struck by an outbreak of SARS.(2)擦（火柴） I struck a match and held it to his cigarette .(3)(鐘)敲響 I left immediately the clock struck twelve. The clock has just struck six. (4)(某種想法)突然出現(xiàn)，忽然想到A good idea struck the scientist. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan(5)給（人）某種印象或感覺(jué)，打動(dòng)，感動(dòng)某人 How does the plan strike you? I was deeply struck by her beauty. (6)(n，v ) 罷工,斗爭(zhēng) be on strike The workers are on strike . They are striking for higher pay. beat 指海浪，棍棒等連續(xù)不斷地?fù)舸?也指心臟跳動(dòng) Waves beat the shore. I feel my heart beating fast.hit 打，擊中（指僅擊一次）強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中；另有“襲擊，遭受” 之意。 be hit by natural disasters hit +sb + on the back/head 打某人的背/頭 in the face /chest 打某人的臉/胸膛11 ring sb/some place up =call sb/some place 給打電話(huà) Ring up the airport and find out when the plane leaves. 打電話(huà)的表示方法：(1) ring sb up (2) call sb up (3) telephone sb (4) phone sb (5) give sb a phone call (6) give sb a ri 12 As she turned around ,there stood Gladys Claffern. there stood 此句為存在結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有stand, seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, live, come, enter, lie 等 There happened to be nobody in the room. There used to be a cinema here. There is sure to be a restaurant there. There remained just twenty pounds.There happened to be a war between her heart and her mind.Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for. 13 test out 試驗(yàn)，測(cè)試，檢查 They tested out the new sports car. 他們測(cè)試了那部新車(chē)。14. It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire. 這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)將由拉里的妻子克萊爾來(lái)嘗試。1) 本句是一個(gè)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，如：He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他說(shuō)這座橋明年將建成。This book was going to be lent to the assistant of the professor. 這本書(shū)將要借給教授的助手。15. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 機(jī)器人如此有人情味，使得她煩惱而且害怕。1) it 是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的句子是這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，即that 從句是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)候that可以省略。Itsclear(that)hehasdonehisbest. 很明顯他已經(jīng)盡力而為了。 Itwasstrangethathehadmadeamistake. 真奇怪，他竟然錯(cuò)了。 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)that從句的內(nèi)容，也可以將從句放在句首，這時(shí)that不可以省略。 Thatweneedmorefoodisquiteobvious. 我們需要更多的食物，這是很明顯的。 但是疑問(wèn)句中，只能用先行詞it結(jié)構(gòu)。Was it disturbing and frightening that he looked so human?2) human 有形容詞和名詞的詞性，在本句中用作形容詞詞性，作連系動(dòng)詞look的表語(yǔ)。 人的；人類(lèi)的They were researching the ancient human affairs. 他們?cè)谘芯颗c古人類(lèi)有關(guān)的事。 To err is human. 人皆有過(guò)。 有人性的；通人情的His cruelty suggests that he is less than human. 他的殘忍表示他沒(méi)有人性。He seems quite human when you know him. 如果你了解他,你就會(huì)覺(jué)得他是很有人情味的。 用作名詞，表示“人”，human作名詞時(shí)等于human being，在將人與動(dòng)物、神仙、鬼等比較時(shí)常用human。如：Are robots as clever as humans？機(jī)器人跟人一樣聰明嗎？That was the beginning of the lift of us humans那就是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)生活的開(kāi)始。We are all human beings. 我們都是人。 human, humane都表示具有或者顯出人類(lèi)特質(zhì)的。而human 指屬于人類(lèi)的感情，包括缺點(diǎn)； humane 主要指人類(lèi)對(duì)動(dòng)物及孤苦零丁的人憐憫/ 同情的情緒或行為。 16. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.克萊爾覺(jué)得機(jī)器人向她表示同情，這有點(diǎn)荒唐可笑。1) 本句中的it是賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式。2) ridiculous 形容詞詞性，表示“可笑的，滑稽的，荒謬的” ridiculous，absurd均含“不合情理、荒唐、可笑的”意思。ridiculous 意為“荒謬的、令人發(fā)笑的”, 常會(huì)有“鄙視”之意, 如:How ridiculous! 真滑稽! (含“豈有此理”意味)absurd 強(qiáng)調(diào)“不符合人情或常識(shí)的”, 如:Its clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd. 人人都清楚, 上帝創(chuàng)造世界的說(shuō)法是荒謬的。17. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.她剛一轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉蒂斯克拉芬站在那里?？巳R爾想，被格拉蒂斯發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這多么難為情啊。1）as作連詞，當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。只用as, 而不用when或while。如:I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.2）turn around(=turn round)表示“轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去, 轉(zhuǎn)身” Now please turn round. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)。17. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt you cannot have women falling in love with machines. 但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還是得作一番改造總不能讓女人與機(jī)器相愛(ài)吧。1）even though和even if的意義和用法相同，只是even if較為常用。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，該從句往往是表述可能性不大或假設(shè)的事情，可譯為“盡管，即使，縱然”等，可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用于直陳語(yǔ)氣。如：Nothing could have saved him even if he has been tended without delay即使當(dāng)時(shí)他得到及時(shí)的救護(hù)，他的生命也無(wú)法挽救。Even if you cant finish it，others many go on即使你做不完，別人也可以接著做。18. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.阿西莫夫不僅有著超凡的想象力，使他能對(duì)未來(lái)世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有著驚人的智力，使他能對(duì)現(xiàn)在的和過(guò)去的各種事物作出解釋。test out sth.=put sth. to the test對(duì)新試做的物品或新產(chǎn)生的理論進(jìn)行“試用”或“檢驗(yàn)考驗(yàn)”，檢驗(yàn)其試用的程度或有效性，以便加以改進(jìn)。Scientists test out theories by experiment. 科學(xué)家靠實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)理論。2. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, bu