語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).doc

語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一、英語(yǔ)字母： 1.英語(yǔ)中有26個(gè)字母，其中5個(gè)元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。 它們的音標(biāo)分別是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, /, /ju:/。剩下的21個(gè)字母都是輔音字母。英語(yǔ)字母發(fā)音表A a/ei/B b/bi:/C c/si:/D d/di:/E e/i:/F f/ef/G g/ i:/H h/ei/I i/ai/J j/ ei/K k/kei/L l/el/M m/em/N n/en/O o/P p/pi:/Q q/kju:/R r/a:/S s/es/T t/ti;/U u/ju:/V v/vi:/W w/dblju:/X x/eks/Y y/wai/Z z/zi:/或/zed/英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)表（48個(gè)）元音（20個(gè)）元音 : (發(fā)音響亮 , 口腔中氣流不受阻礙 , 是音節(jié)的主要組成部分。)單元音（12個(gè)）長(zhǎng)元音a: i: u:短元音 iue 雙元音（8個(gè)）ai ei i i u au輔音（28個(gè)）（清濁成對(duì)的輔音11對(duì)）發(fā)音不響亮，口腔中氣流受到阻礙，不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分輕輔音ptk fs htstr濁輔音bdgv z rdzdr單個(gè)輔音（6個(gè)） 鼻音 m n 半元音jw 邊音 l開(kāi)音節(jié)1)相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)(重讀開(kāi)音節(jié))元音字母+輔音字母（除r）+不發(fā)音e） 元音字母按字母名稱(chēng)讀音或長(zhǎng)音。 如 :kite name bike make plane shine these home excuse like remove特殊：have2)絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)：輔音字母+ 元音字母 如 :he hi go no do be tree three hello在重讀的開(kāi)音節(jié)中元音字母按字母名稱(chēng)讀音。閉音節(jié) : 以一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母（ r 除外）結(jié)尾而中間只有一個(gè)元音字母的音節(jié)，稱(chēng)為閉音節(jié)。1) 輔音 + 元音 + 輔音 如 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2) 元音 + 輔音(重讀閉音節(jié)) 如 : map ， desk ， is,man, sad, dad在重讀的閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀做短元音。 重讀音節(jié)：指在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞中有一個(gè)發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)，叫重讀音節(jié)，用重音符號(hào)“”標(biāo)于相應(yīng)位置，其他音節(jié)為非重讀音節(jié)，如begin |bigin|，單音節(jié)詞作重讀處理，但不標(biāo)重音符號(hào).重讀閉音節(jié)就是元音不發(fā)字母本身音（重讀閉音節(jié)三要素：1. 必須是重讀音節(jié)； 2. 最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母；3. 元音字母發(fā)短元音。） (兩個(gè)輔音間夾著一個(gè)元音) sitsitting beginbeginning admit-admitted重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)和重讀閉音節(jié)可以這樣區(qū)別：看末尾的音節(jié)，你比如：like, ride, strike等一系列單詞，它們的最后一個(gè)音節(jié)都是二元夾一輔，即兩個(gè)元音中間夾一個(gè)輔音，類(lèi)似的單詞就叫重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)；而比如：map, bag, forget等類(lèi)似的單詞的末尾是兩輔夾一元，即最后的音節(jié)是兩個(gè)輔音夾一個(gè)元音，這樣的單詞就叫重讀閉音節(jié)。一個(gè)單詞，不管它有多長(zhǎng)，你只看它的最后一個(gè)音節(jié)即可。非重讀音節(jié)：在雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞中，重讀音節(jié)之外的音節(jié)稱(chēng)為非重讀音節(jié)。例如：字母a,o,u在非重讀音節(jié)中一般讀 或i。如：banana today police 字母e,i,y在非重讀音節(jié)中，一般讀i或，或不發(fā)音behind different toilet duty student 一、“oo”發(fā)音口訣“oo”讀 blood flood /u:/ noon cool boot/u/ good cook wooden1、k、d 之前除食物、心情、面條，大家都來(lái)讀短音，f、l、m、n 、s、t、th 之前除去腳、羊毛、羊毛的，大家都來(lái)讀長(zhǎng)音；classroom、bedroom 復(fù)合名詞，請(qǐng)讀短音別含糊，動(dòng)物園、也、選、房、軍隊(duì)、松的請(qǐng)讀長(zhǎng)音莫彷徨。 “血”與“洪水”真特殊，“oo”讀細(xì)分辨，2、“教室、臥室、好、腳、站在木毛上，遇到老K發(fā)短音”注：“教室、臥室、好、腳、站在木羊毛上”短?！奔矗篶lassroom, bedroom,good, foot, stood, wood ,wool羊毛.二、動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加-s或-es的發(fā)音：(清對(duì)清，濁對(duì)濁，元音后面也對(duì)濁)1在清輔音后面讀s works stops clocks shops desks2在濁輔音和元音后面讀z runs sings stays balls radios 3在s、z、 、音后的-es讀iz dances watches washes bridges roses oranges4在詞尾-ies中讀iz studies countries5 在t 后讀ts cats lots sits lifts texts its6 在d后讀dz friends beds sands reads hides 三、動(dòng)詞詞尾加“ed”后的發(fā)音規(guī)則(清對(duì)清，濁對(duì)濁，元音后面也對(duì)濁) 以t、d結(jié)尾加ed發(fā)id在濁輔音后面 d called moved welcomed rained questioned begged believed 在清輔音后面 t asked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached元音后面 d borrowed enjoyed answered repaired stayed cried以-t結(jié)尾的單詞 id wantedwntid startedsta:tid fitted countedkauntid 以-d結(jié)尾的單詞 id neededni:did nodded decided四、n 發(fā)/n/或者/n在k、g音前讀sink think bank blanket angry anger hungry hunger language English twinklecontinent ancient miner president journal finally pardon onceorange /n/handkerchief(手帕) /五、th的發(fā)音、 think thank month mouth their than clothes smoothSome youths with wreaths are walking along the paths to have baths in their houses with something in their mouths. (ths-z) houseshauziz高中一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音練習(xí)題高考給出的五個(gè)語(yǔ)音的試題，它一般是三元兩輔，考的是三個(gè)題是元音的題，兩個(gè)是輔音的題。1. honest A heart B hire C hour D human2. hunt A finger B think C language D recognize3. experience A exercise B explanation C experiment D extra4. nature A natural B native C international D adventure5 question A emotion B situation C suggestion D information6.peace A leader B breakfast C pleasure D pleasant7.include A pollution B publish C gun D hunt8.present A medal B prepare C effect D complete9.point A bank B think C final D ink10.ancient A custom B curtain C actor D official11.character A chance B headache C choice D match12.shoulder A should B could C would D chose13.cycle A joy B plenty C young D July14.foot A blood B cool C pool D cook15.mean A meant B pleasant C dead D seaside16exist A exercise B explain C excuse D example17.unfair A unless B uncle C unite D unusual18.breathe A tenth B worth C health D clothes19.houses A roses B buses C horses D faces20.roof A food B book C stood D wooden 21.nature A national B natural C nation D international22. wonder A dragon B across C discover D decorate23.pages A faces B tapes C besides D drives24.question A revolution B education C suggestion D reception25.official A pencil B physical C affect D special26.realize A theatre Bweather C break D breath 27.hear A. nearly B. search C. bear D. heart 28. museum A. subject B. true C. huge D. busy29. stop A. loseB. woman C. lock D. rose30.honest A.host B.hour C.habit D.husband31.occur A.ocean B.possible C.position D.offer32.enough A.touch B.mouth C.soul D.shout33.wear A.near B.require C.cheer D.share34.watched A.judged B.worked C.refused D.wanted35.passenger A.sugar B.organize C.strange D. together36.chemistry A. stomach B. achieve C. check D.machine37.club A. pollution B. struggle C. useful D.bury38.majority A. baggage B. attract C. Canadian D. magazine39.area A. theatre B. breathe C. break D. heaven40success A.officialBexcuseC.correctD.exciting41society A.achieveB.friend C.scienceD.believe42theirs A.threadB.smooth C.thirstyD.bealth43.raise A.remainB.certain C.moantainD.pare A.company B.continue C.commonD.concert45.again A. cabbage B. narrow C. famous D. tradition46. custom A. measure B. upstairs C. respect D. sugar47. twice A. machine B. invite C. terrible D. bitter48. doubt A. amount B. trouble C. shoulder D. group49.north A. thunder B. worthy C. neither D. clothes50.permit Afirst .behind C.island D. smile51.question A.revolution B.exhibition C.suggestion D.education52.empty A.toilet .dozen .general .connect53.social A.precious .certain .discovery .decision54.forget A.ordinary .major .world .report55. regard A. design B. ge