江蘇省泗陽中學(xué)高考英語 專題訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀.doc

江蘇省泗陽中學(xué)2013屆高考專題訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀任務(wù)型閱讀是根據(jù)普通高中課程標準（實驗）提出的“優(yōu)化學(xué)習方式，提高自主學(xué)習能力”的理念設(shè)計的，旨在考查考生根據(jù)學(xué)習任務(wù)的需要“用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析和解決問題的能力”。該題型要求考生在閱讀所給語言材料的基礎(chǔ)上對相關(guān)信息進行加工，在讀透文章、把握主題、理清文脈和審清題意的基礎(chǔ)上以完成表格或圖表的形式完成相關(guān)文字表達的任務(wù)。一、文脈導(dǎo)引細節(jié)理解類 二、主題概括同意轉(zhuǎn)述類任務(wù)型閱讀：請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? biology and history are the two reasons for this.skin contains something called melanin, which determines a persons skin color. the more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. the amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. if a person lives in a place with less sunlight, a persons body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.skin color is also affected by another source - vitamin d. humans all need vitamin d to build bones. people can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin d production. therefore, a darkskinned person will produce less vitamin d than a lightskinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight. the connection between vitamin d production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. the earliest humans lived in africa, their dark skin produced less vitamin d because of their dark skin. as a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin d. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. the exception to this is the inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin d. evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. what has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. this has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin color. a world of skin color brief 1 people living in a particular 2 usually have the same skin color and there are many different skin colors in the world.reason for skin color the reasons for different skin colors mainly 3 in biology and history.biology reasonsl the amount of melanin, by which a persons skin color is 4 , varies from people to people. the more melanin a person has, the 5 his or her skin will be.l vitamin d is another source 6 skin color. vitamin d is necessary for humans to build bones. sunlight contributes to vitamin d in the skin. historical reasonsl the earliest people in africa dad dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong.l when they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to 7 vitamin d, their skin color became lighter.l generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker skin 8 people in other areas have lighter skin. 9 melanin 10 an important role in our skin color. with our living environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to the changes in our skin color.江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀解題的有效性- 表格式：一、審題：1、審題目要求。 、是否可用文中的詞填寫。 、弄清字數(shù)限制。此任務(wù)閱讀限定每個空格只填一個詞；對是否用文中的詞填寫沒有限制即可用文中的詞。2、審任務(wù)設(shè)置類型。、 表格式。（結(jié)構(gòu)常為對比陳述；通常分左右欄，左欄為文章提綱右欄文章細節(jié)。）此短文設(shè)置表格任務(wù)型。左欄為文章提綱：brief introduction、reasons、biology reasons、 historical reasons、conclusion；右欄為支撐每一topic的細節(jié)。、 樹狀式。（結(jié)構(gòu)常為先總后分；通常分上下框，上框為topic sentences,下框為supporting sentences。）二、閱讀：1. 讀圖表。（快速瀏覽，了解短文的寫作提綱。）瀏覽圖表，了解：topic sentence 1 details topic sentence 2 details 2. 讀短文。、快讀：快速瀏覽全文，抓住文章主題，同時結(jié)合圖表，洞悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)。paragraph 1 topic sentence 1 、細讀：仔細閱讀，獲取充分信息，查出答題的對應(yīng)信息點。第一空paragraph 1歸納結(jié)構(gòu)類詞；第二空對應(yīng)信息點為why people living in particular areas usually have;第三空對應(yīng)信息點為biology and history are the two reasons for this,要求學(xué)同義轉(zhuǎn)換; 第四空對應(yīng)信息點為which determines a persons skin color; 第五空對應(yīng)信息點為by producing more melanin, making the skin darker; 第六空對應(yīng)信息點為skin color is also affected by another sourcevitamin d; 第七空對應(yīng)信息點為 a darkskinned person will produce less; 第八空對應(yīng)信息點為 having darker skin, while people ; 第九空對應(yīng)信息點為paragraph 5 歸納結(jié)構(gòu)類詞；第十空對應(yīng)信息點為 had melanin determine our skin color.三、答題。1. 結(jié)構(gòu)類的詞： 、 熟記常見結(jié)構(gòu)類詞匯。歸納掌握常見的表達文章結(jié)構(gòu)的概括性詞匯：introduction(導(dǎo)入)、cause/reason(原因)、advantage(優(yōu)點)、disadvantage(不足)、attitude(態(tài)度)、result/effect/consequence(結(jié)果)、suggestion/advice/tip(建議)、及dos和donts等。、 確定答案。、聯(lián)系圖表左欄的上下欄，確定用詞及詞的形式。（大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞+ing等）、聯(lián)系圖表左欄與之相對應(yīng)的右欄的細節(jié)，歸納結(jié)構(gòu)類用詞和詞的形式。 （大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞+ing等2. 細節(jié)類的詞：、明確信息點。細讀文章，明確答題的相應(yīng)信息點在文中的具體位置，確定用詞后歸納用詞。、上下前后。、對照短文中的信息點，聯(lián)系圖表右欄的上下欄目，確定詞（文中原詞或歸納的詞的形式。 （大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞+ing等）、對照短文中的信息點，聯(lián)系所填詞的前后，確定用詞（文中原詞或歸納的詞）的形式。敲定答案。根據(jù)短文信息點，聯(lián)系填空上下前后，敲定答案。第一空 introduction；第九空conclusion，聯(lián)系圖表上下前后開頭字母大寫、單數(shù)。第二空信息點為areas, 聯(lián)系前后搭配 a 故用area; 第三空同義轉(zhuǎn)換 are lie; 第四空信息點為 which determines, 聯(lián)系前后搭配 color is 轉(zhuǎn)換為determined; 第五空信息點為 making the skin darker,故用darker;第六空信息點為 is also affected by,聯(lián)系前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)故用affecting做后置定語。第七空信息點為 will produce less vitamin聯(lián)系前后 to, 故用原型produce。 第八空信息點為 skin, while people living in other , 故用while。第十空信息點為 had melanin determine our 聯(lián)系前后搭配故用plays。四、檢查。檢查單詞的拼寫、大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。introduction area lie determined darker affecting produce while conclusion plays實例分析： teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. scientific investigations(調(diào)查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone. several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience. what comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. mutual support and trust often make a great difference. activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members. when there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. you are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. a format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. when the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement. after youve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the teams effectiveness the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. titleworking togetherthemeeffective performance needs highly cooperated (71) .general ruleskeep an open mind to everyones (72) .divide the group task among group members.(73) and trust each other.(74) understand and agree to the (75) task of ones own.take turns doing various tasks.show concern for others to ensure safety.take (76) for ones own learning.compare your own observations with those of others.explore an issuebreak the (77) into several areas.keep records of the sources just in (78) .(79) your information with others via proper format.make all decisions by compromise and agreement.(80) effectivenessanalyze the strengths and weaknesses.find out the opportunities and challenges.語篇解讀 本文重在講述如何使團隊協(xié)作更為有效地進行。第一段概述團隊協(xié)作在科學(xué)研究中的意義；第二、三段聯(lián)系學(xué)生實際引出同學(xué)間團隊協(xié)作的三個規(guī)則；第四、五段提出調(diào)查研究類活動中如何進行有效協(xié)作；最后一段講述如何對團隊協(xié)作的有效性進行評估。答案與剖析71答案 teamwork 剖析這是對全文的高度概括，文中第一段的中心句即第一句“teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym.”也給予了較為明顯的暗示。72答案 ideas/opinions/views/thoughts 剖析 由文中第三段第一句“what comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.”可知。注意：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。73答案 support/encourage/back 剖析 由文中第三段最后兩句“thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. mutual support and trust often make a great difference.”可知。注意：根據(jù)表格中的行文規(guī)律，這里是祈使語氣，應(yīng)用動詞原形且須大寫，與上兩行“keep, divide”相一致。74答案suggestions 剖析由文中第四段中心句，即該段第二句“here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities.”可知。此外，表格中對應(yīng)的右邊一格正是suggestions的具體內(nèi)容。注意：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化和大、小寫。75答案 given/assigned剖析 由第三段第三行“make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her，”可知。注意：這里可以使用given的同意詞assigned“分配”。76答案 responsibility 剖析由文中第四段倒數(shù)第三行“be responsible for your own learning,”可知。注意：這里根據(jù)表格內(nèi)的表達方式需要進行詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。將形容詞responsible轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞responsibility.77答案topic/subject/issue 剖析由文中第五段第一句“when there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way.”可知。注意：這里可以使用topic的近義詞：subject, issue.78答案 case 剖析 “just in case”在這里表示“以備用，以防用得著”，根據(jù)文中第五段第二句“you are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.”可知。79答案 exchange/share 剖析 由文中第五段第三句“a format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important,”可知。80答案 evaluate 剖析 由文中最后一段可知。注意：根據(jù)表格中表達方式的需要，文中名詞evaluation應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞evaluate.高頻詞用法第一組“觀點類” （opinion/view/attitude/idea/thought/mind）opinion 意見、想法（feelings or thoughts） (about/of/on)view 1.(a personal)看法、意見、見解、態(tài)度 （about/on）2.(理解或思維的)方式/方法 （a way）（of）attitude 態(tài)度、看法 （to/towards）idea 想法、構(gòu)思、主意（a plan,thought or suggestion）(for/of)1. 意見、看法、信念（an opinion or a belief） (about) 2. 3.目標、意圖 （of）thought 1.想法、看法、記憶 （of）2.關(guān)心、關(guān)懷、顧慮、憂慮 （a feeling of care or worry） (for)3.意圖、打算；希望、念頭（an intention or hope）(of)mind 心思（thoughts, interest）第二組“原因類” （reason/cause/explanation）reason 原因、理由、解釋 （for）正當理由、道理、情理 （to do/for）cause 理由、動機（a reason） (for) 原因 explanation 解釋、說明、闡述 （for） 解釋性文字、說明性文字第三組“對比因果類” （advantage/function/quality/significance/disadvantage/problem/consequence/result/outcome/effect/response）advantage 優(yōu)點 優(yōu)勢、有利條件 （over）function 功能、機能（a special activity or purpose of a person or thing）quality 質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)significance （尤指對未來有影響的）重要性、意義disadvantage 不利因素、障礙 （of/to）consequence 后果、結(jié)果 （for）result 后果、結(jié)果（of）outcome 結(jié)果、效果（the result or effect）effect 效應(yīng)、影響、效果（the effect of heat on metal）(藝術(shù)家或作家所要創(chuàng)造的)外觀聲響效果response 反應(yīng)、響應(yīng)（a reaction）（to）回復(fù)、答復(fù)（spoken or written）（to）第四組“方法類” （way/solution/method）way 方法、手段、途徑、方式 (to do sth./of doing sth.)solution 解決方法、處理手段（to）答案、謎底(to sth.)method方法、辦法、措施(a particular way) (of/for)第五組“目標類” （prediction/expectation/hope/aim/purpose/dream）prediction 預(yù)言、預(yù)測expectation 預(yù)期、期待（of）希望、盼望、期望、指望hope 希望(a belief that sth. you want will happen) (of/for) 希望期望的事情（東西）dream 夢想、理想aim 目的、目標purpose(the intention)意圖、（aim）目的、（function）用途/目標第六組“意見類” （suggestion/advice）suggestion 建議、提議（for/about/on）advice 勸告、忠告、建議、意見 （on）第七組“信息類” （news/information/content/period）news 消息、音信 媒體對重要事情的新聞報道information 信息、情報 （about/on）content 主題、主要內(nèi)容period 人生或國家歷史的階段時期（時代）任務(wù)型閱讀專項訓(xùn)練1（303，字數(shù)不足，未做過）認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個單詞human ancestor had mix of primitive, modern traitsthis undated handout photograph shows scientists david lordkipanidze and tea jashashvili with remains of early human ancestors excavated at a site in the nation of georgia. the earliest-known human ancestors to migrate out of africa possessed a surprising mix of human-like and primitive features, according to scientists who studied remains dug up at a fossil-rich site in the former soviet republic of georgia.writing on wednesday in the journal nature, the scientists described remains of three adults and one adolescent dating from about 1.77 million years ago, excavated at dmanisi, about 55 miles southwest of the georgian capital, tbilisi. the remains shed light on a little-understood but critical period in human evolution - the transition from the more ape-like creatures known as australopithecines to the genus homo, of which modern humans are a member.the spines and lower limbs found at the dmanisi site appear very much like modern humans, suggesting these individuals, which walked fully upright, were highly capable of long-distance treks, the researchers said.but other aspects of the skeletons had more archaic characteristics. the arms were more like australopithecines than people, and the primitive skulls encased relatively small brains. their simple stone tools also are less advanced than one might have expected, the researchers said. they described the remains as a surprising mosaic of primitive and modern features.these are the earliest humans found outside of africa. this is the time when our genus spread outside of africa, david lordkipanidze of the georgian national museum, who led the research, said in a telephone interview. their heads are primitive. their legs are very human-like.scientists had previously described skulls found at the site, but in recent years found far more extensive remains of the skeletons of these creatures, giving them a more detailed understanding of these denizens of early human history. title: human ancestor had mix of primitive, modern traitspara. topicthe details1discoverythe earliest-known human ancestors to migrate _1_ africa _2_ a surprising mix of human-like and primitive features.3the _3_ of the discoverythe remains drew _4_ to a little-understood but critical _5_ in human evolution.4the _6_ with modern humansthe spines and lower limbs found at the dmanisi site _7_ very much like modern humans-walking fully upright and highly capable of long-distance treks.5the _8_ from modern humansthe arms were more like australopithecines than people, and the primitive skulls encased relatively small brains. their simple stone tools also are less advanced than one might have _9_.7the more helpful evidence_10_ scientists have found far more extensive remains of the skeletons of these creatures, giving them a more detailed understanding of these denizens of early human history.2（字數(shù)373，未做過）認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個單詞central bank may raise mortgage rate the central bank is supposed to increase the interest rate of mortgage loans（按揭貸款） to 1.1 times the benchmark（標準）one-year lending rate this week, sources said.the move is an attempt to curb(控制) the rise in house prices and speculation（投機） in the property market.the current five-year lending rate has reached 7.83 percent after the central bank raised the interest rate for the fifth time this year on september 13.this means the interest rate for five-year mortgage loans could reach as high as 8.613 percent if the central bank makes a move this week.with the expansion of mortgage loans, and as the central bank continuously raises interest rates, mortgage loans are beginning to face a high danger of default（違約）, china construction bank (ccb) said in its latest report.total non-performing mortgage loans in three major commercial banks - ccb, the industrial and commercial bank of china, and bank of china - rose to 19.2 billion yuan at the end of 2006 from 18.4 billion yuan in 2005, according to ccb.the central bank is likely to stipulate commercial banks to raise mortgage deposits to at least 40 percent for homebuyers who intend to buy a second apartment, according to the source.homebuyers will have to make a down payment of 40 percent to buy a second apartment, and for apartments for commercial use, the down payment will be raised to as high as 50 percent, he said. the minimum deposit for an apartment of more than 90 sq m is currently 30 percent while for apartments less than 90 sq m its 20 percent.the central bank will also ask commercial banks to end lending to property developers who hoard（囤積）land and house for speculation(投機) purposes, according to the source.property prices in 70 major cities jumped 8.2 percent in august from a year earlier after gaining 7.5 percent in july, according to figures from the national development and reform commission.housing prices in beijing rose 12.1 percent from a year earlier, while prices in shenzhen went up 20.8 percent.title: central bank may raise mortgage ratethe _1_ from the informed sources1). the central bank is _2_ to