高考英語語法專題——專題1--2冠詞.docx

1.(2017全國卷，65)As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案：aas a result是固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果”，強調(diào)某種原因產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。2.(2017全國卷，64)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.答案：the此處特指“頂部”，故用定冠詞the。3.(2017全國卷，62)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _ model in New York.答案：a句意：相反，她在紐約做模特每天收入6,500英鎊。model是可數(shù)名詞，在此表示泛指，且讀音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。4.(2016全國卷，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while,exercising, or doing something you enjoy.答案：afor a while “一會兒”，固定搭配。5.(2016全國卷，短文改錯)In that case, we will learn little about _ world.答案：the句意：那樣的話，我們將會對這個世界了解甚少。world屬于表示世上獨一無二的事物的名詞，其前應(yīng)用定冠詞。6.(2016全國卷，閱讀A)In 1931, Addams became _ first American woman to win theNobel Peace Prize.答案：the序數(shù)詞前面加定冠詞the。7.(2016浙江高考，2)_ prize for the winner of the competition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.答案：The; a句意：這次比賽的獲勝者獎是去巴黎為期兩周的休假。第一空，“比賽的獲勝者獎”為特指，故應(yīng)用定冠詞the；第二空，泛指“一次兩周的休假”，故應(yīng)用定冠詞a。8.(2016北京高考，完形)It was _ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.答案：a句意：這是阿拉斯加北部1925年一個十分寒冷的一月份。這個小鎮(zhèn)因一場大雪而與外界隔絕。表示星期、月份的名詞前一般不用冠詞，但如果其前面有形容詞修飾時則需用不定冠詞，泛指某個星期幾或某月份。9.(2015重慶高考，3)I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.答案：the; a句意：我剛剛聽說Dora工作的銀行被一個持槍蒙面歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家銀行”；第二空為泛指，表示“一個持槍蒙面歹徒”。10.(2015江蘇高考，33)Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party？Well, you know hes _ wet blanket.答案：a句意：你為什么不邀請約翰參加你的生日聚會？唉，你知道他是一個令人掃興的人。固定搭配a wet blanket 意為“令人掃興的人或物，煞風景者”，不定冠詞表示泛指。一、不定冠詞的用法 1.泛指同類人或物中的任何一個，相當于any。 A horse has four legs. 2.泛指同類中的某一個人或某物。 Her father is an English teacher. I need an iPhone. 3.泛指不確定的某一個，相當于a certain。 A Mr Lee is waiting for you at the school gate. 4.表示“一”或“每一”，相當于one或者every。 I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. They have 13 classes a week. 5.用在意義具體化的抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前。What you do with it will make you a success or failure. If you can give her a surprise every time you meet her, it will be a plus for you. 6.表示獨一無二的名詞前有形容詞修飾時，其前需用不定冠詞。a rising sun 一輪冉冉升起的太陽a full moon 一輪滿月a peaceful world 一個和平的世界7.表示季節(jié)、星期、三餐名稱的名詞前有形容詞修飾時，其前需用不定冠詞。 a cold winter 一個寒冷的冬季a rainy Monday 一個陰雨綿綿的星期一a delicious supper 一頓美味晚餐 8.用在序數(shù)詞前表示“再一”，“又一”。She thanked him a second time.注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠軍”。 He is a top student in our class, and he often gets a first in maths.9.用于某些固定詞組中二、定冠詞的用法 1表示類別(1)用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或事物。 The horse is a useful animal. (2)用在一些形容詞前表示一類人或事物。 the poor 窮人， the rich 富人， the old 老年人， the young 年輕人， the new 新手， the sick 病人， the dead 死人， the deaf 聾子， the blind 盲人， the wound 傷者， the weak 弱者， the strong 強者， the good 好人；善良， the true 真理， the right 正義(3)用在有些關(guān)于國家和民族的形容詞前，泛指這個國家和民族的全體人員。(這些形容詞是以sh, ch, ese結(jié)尾的)。 the Irish 愛爾蘭人， the Welsh 威爾士人， the English 英格蘭人， the French 法國人， the Chinese 中國人， the Japanese 日本人2表示特指(1)特指上文已提到過的人或物。The teacher told us a story. The story is very interesting. (2)特指說話雙方都知道或能意會到的人或物。 Please send the papers to the teacher.Open the window, please.(3)用在帶有后置定語的名詞前，表示特定的人或物。 The man who wrote the novel is a famous writer.Pass me the dictionary on the desk.Who is the girl you just said hello to?(4)用在比較級前，特指兩個被比較的人或物中的一個。 He is the taller of the two children in his family. 3其他用法(1)表示世界上獨一無二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth, or the moon?(2)用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前。 September is the ninth month of the year. Spring is the best season of the year here.注意：副詞最高級前可以用定冠詞，也可以不用。(3)用在表示方向或方位的名詞前。Go straight, and turn to the left at the second crossing.The sky is turning bright in the east.(4)用在演奏的西洋樂器名稱前。 Would you like to play the piano or the violin? (5)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示全家人，或夫婦倆。The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. (6)用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“動詞sb. 介詞the身體部位名稱”中。She hit him in the face then ran away. The stone hit him right on the nose. She patted the dog on the head.(7)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派等專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。 the United States 美國 the Communist Party of China 中國共產(chǎn)黨 the Changjiang River 長江the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈(8)用于一些固定搭配中。at the age of 在歲時at the beginning of 在的開始 at the foot of 在的腳下 at the mercy of 任憑的擺布(而無力保護自己)in the distance 在遠處 in the distant future 在遙遠的將來 in the end 最后；終于 on the one hand ., on the other hand . 一方面另一方面on (the) top of 在頂上 on the phone 在電話里on (the) air 正在廣播/播放on the contrary 正相反break the law 違法form the habit of 養(yǎng)成的習慣in the habit of 有的習慣三、不用冠詞的情況 1專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。 Air, water and light are all matter.2可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.3季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。Have you had breakfast?Spring is the best season of the year.4稱呼語或指家庭雇用的nurse, cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補語及同位語時，一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.5用在學(xué)科名稱、比賽的球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.6復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。They are peasants/workers.7與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car, by bus，by bike, by train, by air/water/land但需注意：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus8某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1)名詞詞組中： husband and wife 丈夫和妻子brother and sister 兄弟和姐妹 body and soul 身體和靈魂 day and night 白天和黑夜 knife and fork 刀和叉(2)介詞詞組中：on board 在船上；在飛機上；在火車上on business 為公事；出公差on condition that 條件是；只要 on doing sth. 一就 on duty 值班；值日 on earth 在世界上；到底；究竟 on fire 著火 on foot 步行；走路 on hold 等著通電話；擱置；推遲 on holiday 休假；度假 on show 顯示；展示 注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。9as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.10系動詞turn(作“變成；成為”解)后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.The young girl has become a writer.11在“單數(shù)名詞after單數(shù)名詞”(“一個接一個”)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。She did experiment after experiment.類似的還有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake12形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況。(1)當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.(2)形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.單句語法填空1For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder. 答案：a由上下文語境可知，對于Pahlsson來說，戒指的歸來是個奇跡。抽象名詞表示具體意義需用不定冠詞。2Copenhagen became _ capital of Denmark in 1445.答案：the名詞后面有后置定語of Denmark，可知需用定冠詞表示特指。3Although they may not find a new best friend, they will learn how to interact and work as _ team, something that theyll find useful later in life.答案：a由句意可知她們要學(xué)會作為一個團隊相互影響和作用，以發(fā)現(xiàn)在未來人生中有用的東西。不定冠詞表泛指。4Our local Community Youth Club is very popular with young people in my town. I have been _ member for four years now.答案：a不定冠詞a表示“一”的意思，相當于one。5Now years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.答案：the“one ofthe可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“之一”。6Instead of winning the gold medal as had been expected, this world record holder only came _ fifth in the game. 答案：/句意：沒有像人們預(yù)料的那樣贏得金牌，這個世界紀錄保持者僅在比賽中屈居第五。come fifth意為“位列第五”，序數(shù)詞作狀語時，其前不用冠詞。7Guinness World Records editor Graig Glenday says, “This is _ extraordinary worldrecord attempt that shows both spiritual dedication and true passion.”答案：an此處表示泛指，且extraordinary的讀音是以元音音素開頭的名詞，故填an。8Researchers have not found _ cure, but they are developing a better understanding of the disease.答案：a句意：研究人員們還沒有找到治療方法，但他們對那種疾病有了更好的了解。cure意為“治療方法”時是可數(shù)名詞。9How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard _ better voice.答案：a句意：她唱得多么動聽??！我從來沒聽過比這更動聽的聲音?！胺穸ㄔ~不定冠詞比較級名詞”，表示最高級意義。10Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. 答案：/; the句意：薩姆接替喬治被任命為工程部經(jīng)理。表示職位、頭銜的名詞作表語、主語補足語、賓語補足語或同位語時，前面不用冠詞；take the place of意為“代替，取代，接替的位置”，固定短語。.單句改錯1Shes got a honest face, but in fact she is not the right person to get on with._答案：aanhonest的讀音是以元音音素開頭的，此處表示“一張誠實的面孔”，應(yīng)用an honest face。2They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make the difference in the lives of others._答案：第二個thea考查冠詞。make a difference意為“對有影響”，固定搭配。3I cant tell you the way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village._答案：第二個Wilson前加a考查冠詞。人名前用不定冠詞表示“某一”。句意：我無法告訴你去威爾遜家的路，因為我們這個村沒有叫威爾遜的人。4I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._答案：kitchen前加the這個句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z為“Mom, you stay in the sitting room, and I cook in the kitchen.”此處表示談話雙方都知道的事物，故用定冠詞the。5It was a sunny day in the spring. The sun shone brightly._答案：去掉spring前的the考查冠詞。表示季節(jié)的名詞spring, summer, autumn, winter前沒有形容詞修飾時，一般不用冠詞。.語法填空Mistakes can be extremely _1_ (value), but when you try to get others to pay for your mistakes, then you lose the opportunity to learn from them. When something goes wrong, _2_ is usually very easy to find someone else to blame, but what does that really accomplish?Much of the value of mistakes comes from the fact _3_ they demand a cost that must be paid. The person who learns the most from a mistake is the person who pays the price for that mistake.When you make a mistake, the last thing you want to do is run away _4_ it. You need to accept it because you can learn a lot from it. The mistake _5_ (make) already, so make the most of it. _6_ (pay) the price, learn the lesson, and grow that much stronger.When you make a mistake, dont look _7_ at it long. Remember the reason for it, and then look forward. Mistakes are lessons of _8_ (wise). The past cannot be changed. _9_ present is still in your power. Take full advantage of your mistakes _10_ (achieve) your goals and aspirations.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了人們對待錯誤的正確態(tài)度和做法：犯了錯誤不要逃避，要從錯誤中學(xué)習，吸取經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，利用錯誤來實現(xiàn)自己的目標和愿望。1valuable考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空格前的副詞可知需用形容詞作表語。2it考查代詞。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)是it作形式主語，真正的主語是to find someone else to blame。3that考查同位語從句的連接詞。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋fact的具體內(nèi)容。4from考查介詞。run away from “逃離，回避”，固定搭配。5has been made考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。make a mistake “犯錯誤”，此處mistake作主語，根據(jù)副詞already和make與the mistake的動賓關(guān)系可知，需用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。6Pay考查句式。根據(jù)下文learn the lesson, and grow that . 可知此句是祈使句。7back考查副詞。由句意“當你犯了錯誤，不要老是回頭看這個錯誤”可知填back。look back at意為“回頭看，回顧”，符合句意。8wisdom考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由介詞of可知應(yīng)填名詞。9The考查冠詞。根據(jù)上文并列句式“The past cannot be changed”可知填定冠詞The。10to achieve考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)為不定式短語作目的狀語。.短文改錯Dear Susan，Im glad to hear youll attend the reception, but I think its a good chance for you to make some new friends. Id like to give some advices at your request.When introducing, you may shake the hands with them and say “Nihao” in Chinese. If you cant speak Chinese, you may speak simply English. They like to communicate with you in English to practicing their spoken English.Senior high school students in China today has various hobbies. Boys are familiar to NBA stars, while girls are crazy about film stars and singers. Of course, new films can attract their attention easy. I hope these suggestions wi