2019年高考英語專題三閱讀理解題型一突破高考命題15主旨大意題精選題.docx

主旨大意題A(2018湖北八校二次聯(lián)考)Whats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you say bees or hummingbirds, you get it. You wont be the first if you mix the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals searched for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located to others.“It was almost like an algorithm(算法) for efficient searching，” said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(認知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.“But however they perceive(察覺到) or process information, they both experience similar information，” Dr.Pritchard said. In daytoday searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a beeseye view than a birdseye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr.Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matchinghovering, scanning snapshots of a place to their memory and using those as references later.1What is the center of the research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?AMemory. BMovement rules.CReward calculating. DInformation processing.2Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the earning ability of hummingbirds?AMath. BBiology. CEcology. DPsychology.3How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like other birds?ABy setting them free. BBy moving flowers.CBy matching view. DBy making maps.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AHummingbirds and BeesBHummingbirds in the LabCNew Trends in Studying BeesDThinking of Hummingbirds as Bees答案：【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。人們普遍把蜂鳥和蜜蜂混在一起考慮，一組研究人員欣然接受了這種做法并對蜂鳥和蜜蜂進行了研究。1B解析：細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：在20世紀70年代對蜂鳥和蜜蜂的研究中心是什么？根據(jù)題干中的“in the 1970s”可定位到第二段。根據(jù)其中的“Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers.”(那時的研究人員關(guān)注它們的運動規(guī)律，如：它們采花粉的順序)可知答案為B項。2D解析：細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：在研究蜂鳥的學(xué)習能力時(研究人員)使用了哪個學(xué)科的研究方法？根據(jù)文章第三段中“Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.”(蜂鳥研究人員在實驗室把蜂鳥與其他鳥類進行對比并引用了心理學(xué)的方法研究了它們的學(xué)習能力。)可知答案為D項。3B解析：細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：研究人員是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)蜂鳥和鳥類不同的？根據(jù)最后一段中的“Like other birds，they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location.”(在長途飛行時，蜂鳥像其他鳥類那樣，靠地標、距離和方向來繪制地圖，但它們不用這些線索尋找花朵。把一朵花從蜂鳥認為其所在的位置挪動大約一英寸，蜂鳥還會在花朵原來的位置上方盤旋。)可知答案為B項。4D解析：標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文大意并結(jié)合第一段中“Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior，too.”(現(xiàn)在一組研究人員甚至說我們應(yīng)該欣然接受把這兩種動物放在同一個組里考慮的歷史?？茖W(xué)家研究蜜蜂的方法也可幫助他們研究蜂鳥的行為。)可知答案為D項。B (2018湖南六校4月聯(lián)考)“Chinas future highspeed trains might be selfdriving, with a top speed of around 600 kilometers per hour and an adjustable interior(內(nèi)部) and entertainment systems with the highspeed Internet，” said a senior engineer on Monday.Fuxing, which debuted on the line connecting Beijing and Shanghai, has an operating speed of 350 km/hthe worlds fastest. It now serves a dozen major cities, from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, according to the China Railway Corporation.“Chinese scientists are developing a new model of Fuxing that can adapt to different track widths and still run consistently at 400 km/h，”said Ding, officer of the corporation.“These new trains can be used effectively in Russia or countries along the Belt and Road Initiative(一帶一路)”“The new model will enter service within five years, about the same period needed to create and launch Fuxing. In the next 8 to 10 years, China will launch a highspeed bullet train that is suspended from a magnetic(磁力的) railnearly twice the speed of the one currently operating in Shanghai，”he said.Chinese engineers are also aiming to make future trains more comfortable, including adding more leg room in all carriages, stronger Internet signals and some highclass seats that might involve an adjustable interior and entertainment systems, such as windows that can change color or serve as movie screens.Artificial intelligence will be included in future trains, using equipment such as scanners that automatically check and deduct(扣除) fees when passengers board and exit trains without having to deal with tickets.Trains will also have advanced selfdrive systems that can predict abnormal conditions and automatically slow in case of emergencies. These systems will be finished within three years.Now, Chinas highspeed railway network has extended about 25,000 kilometers of track, which makes up about 60 percent of the worlds total, according to the corporation.1Which of the following statements about Chinas future highspeed trains is TRUE?APassengers can access the highspeed Internet.BIt will run at a top speed of 600 km/h.CAll of its systems will be adjustable.DThere will be no driver on it.2The underlined word “debuted” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”Awalked Bappeared Crelied Djumped3We can learn from the passage that _.Athe track width in Russia may be differentBthe present Fuxing is a magnetically suspending trainCChina has a total length of 25,000 kilometers of rail trackDthe new train to be in service in 5 years has nothing to do with Fuxing4What is the main theme of the passage?AThe history of Chinas highspeed trains.BThe future of Chinas trains.CChinas train development.DChinas future highspeed trains.答案：【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國未來的高速列車。1A解析：細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：關(guān)于中國未來的高速列車，下列哪個陳述是正確的？根據(jù)第一段中的“.entertainment systems with the highspeed Inte