英語中的從句大全.doc

英語從句大全賓語從句：1， 定義：賓語從句是指在復合句中做及物動詞的賓語的從句，也可以作介詞和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句一般用于及物動詞之后，或用于介詞之后。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 及物動詞后的賓語從句（1）有從屬連詞引導I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for peoples health.我認為看太多電視對身體有害。Recent court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 最近的法院裁決責令公立學校采取必要步驟提供那種教育。I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.我不知道其他顧客是否也會拋棄我。（2）有連接代詞引導This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.這次考試的目的在于鞏固你們在過去幾周所學的知識。You may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.過后你可能無法知道誰處理的投訴。It is your task to find out into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit.你的任務(wù)是搞清楚，這兩種工作你適合哪種。（3）有連接副詞引導There are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available.對于超光速旅行何時能實現(xiàn)，目前還沒有做出預料。We cant understand why he avoided speaking to us.我們不理解他為什么不跟我們說話。They know exactly where they are going.他們清楚地知道自己的行動方向。We need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. (how表示方式)我們需要了解正常細胞是如何自我控制的。We do not know how far mankind will be able to solve these problems.(how表示程度)我們不知道人類能夠把這些問題解決到什么程度。特別提示：如果主句謂語是think,believe,suppose,imagine 等，賓語從句中的否定意義通常在主句中表現(xiàn)出來，稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。例如：I dont think this is the best way.我認為這不是最佳方法。當賓語從句作介詞的賓語時，不能用if引導，而只能用whether.Our basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such to be preserved.一個基本的意見分歧涉及的問題是，像目前這樣的城市是否還要保留下去。B 介詞和某些形容詞之后的賓語從句 （1）介詞后的賓語從句He only laughed at what I said.對我的話他只是笑。I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我經(jīng)?？紤]如何才能提高我的英語口語。（2）某些形容詞后的賓語從句Im afraid that I cant go with you.我恐怕不能和你們一起去了。I am sure that they will make greater progress in English through hard work.我確信，通過艱苦努力他們將在英語方面取得更大的進步。（3）非謂語動詞之后的賓語從句Reading that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.這個外國人知道了這只是風俗的不同后，就笑了笑，沒說什么。On being asked whether he had any good food in Germany, he answered ”Terrible”.一問到他在德國是否吃過什么好菜，他就回答說：“糟糕的很”。(4) 用it作形式賓語的賓語從句常見的表達包括：have it that (說)；insist on(或upon)it that (堅決主張，堅決要求)；make it clear that(表明)；see to that (確保)；take it that (認為)；等等。I insist upon it that we should be honest.我堅決主張我們應(yīng)該誠實。I take it that you dont want to do it ,but you have to.我認為你不想做這件事，但你必須要做，。The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting.過去十年激光技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展已經(jīng)表明，未來可能是令人鼓舞的。Rumor has it that more than 20books on creationism and evolution are in the publishers pipeline.傳聞?wù)f，有20多本關(guān)于神造說與進化論之爭的書籍正在出版。（in the publishers pipeline.在進行中，在生產(chǎn)中）There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. 有些人認為這些國防研究項目將帶來生活水平的改善，或者對保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源做出重大貢獻是值得懷疑的。表語從句：1， 定義：表語從句是指在復合句中做主句表語的從句。表語從句和主語只同一內(nèi)容，它對主語進行解釋、說明，是主語的內(nèi)容具體化。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 由從屬連詞引導The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.譯：傳達的信息一清二楚：我們應(yīng)該行動起來保護我們自己。The reason I didnt go to France was that I got a new job.譯：我之所以沒去法國是因為我找到一份新工作。特別提示：下列表達式不規(guī)范的：The reason I didnt go to France was because I got a new job .因為because 不能引導名詞性從句。The question is whether he works at all.譯：問題在于他是否工作。特別提示：下列表達是錯誤的：The question is if he works at all .因為if不能引導表語從句。B 有連接代詞引導China is not what it used to be .譯：中國不再是過去的樣子了。Raw material is what we are badly in need of .原材料是我們急需的。C 有連接副詞引導The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我們必須決定的下一個問題是，是么時候我們必須呈交年度報告。Some people maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies.有些人堅持認為這恰恰是危險所在。This is why I didnt pass the exam.這就是我考試不及格的原因。D A is to B what C is to D 這是一種涉及表語從句特殊形式的句型，所表達的基本意義為“A之于B 正如C之于D”。前后進行類比，通過說明C 對于D 的重要性，目的在于突出A對于B 的重要性。 The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a soldier. 筆對于作家正如槍對于士兵。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空氣對于我們正如同水對于魚兒。 Reading is to the mind what food is to body. 讀書對于思想就如同食物對于身體。主語從句：1， 定義，主語從句是指在復合句中做主句主語的從句。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 由從屬連詞（that whether if ）引導That the plates are moving is beyond dispute.譯：板塊在運動，這是無可置疑的。特別提示：不能這樣表達：The plates are moving is beyond dispute. 盡管that沒有實際含義，但它起到引導主句的功能，在這里不可或缺，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)會出現(xiàn)混亂。That our environment has little, if anything ,to do with our abilities ,characteristics and behavior is central to that theory .譯：這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能，性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話，也是微不足道的。Whether she will come or not is still a question .譯：她是否來仍然是個疑問。Whether the results will be valuable ,meaningless ,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .譯：結(jié)果究竟是有價值的，還是無意義的，甚至是誤導的，這在部分程度上取決于工具本身，但在很大程度上取決于使用者。特別提示，whether 引導的主語從句位于句首時，不能有if 代替。B 由連詞代詞引導Who will go to the energy conference is not important.(疑問分句作主語)誰將去參加能源會議并不重要。What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world .他想看到的是世界上一切軍隊的消亡。C 由連詞副詞引導How he manages to finish the job is of interest to us all.他如何設(shè)法完成這項工作的，我們對此都很感興趣。Why he failed the English exam wasnt clear.還不清楚他為什么沒有通過英語考試。When they will leave for Beijing is not yet decided.他們什么時候動身去北京還未確定。D 用it 作形式主語 由于主語從句位于句首會使句子顯得頭重腳輕，一次常把它移到句子的后部，句首用引導詞it 來做形式主語。 It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. 我們希望雙方朝著和平的方向努力。 It doesnt matter whether Mary comes to party or not. 瑪麗是否來參加聚會是沒有多大關(guān)系。 特別提示：當whether引導主語從句位于句尾時，whether可以有if 代替，但if 通常不能與or not 搭配，如本句也可以表達為It doesnt matter much if Mary comes to party. It makes no difference what you read or study if you cant remember it 如果你記不住，那么你讀什么或者學什么都不重要了。 E 兩個從句共同做主語 Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans ,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago ,is ,as yet ,an unanswered question . 譯：這種公平意識是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立發(fā)展而來，還是起源于兩個物種在3500萬年前