天津市大港區(qū)中考英語一輪復習 主謂一致輔導課件.ppt

revision 概念 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致 主謂一致三原則 語法一致原則 指主語和謂語在單復數(shù)形式上的一致關系 主語為單數(shù)形式 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 反之 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 tomisagoodstudent theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground 意義一致原則 指謂語動詞的單 復數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的概念 而不取決于表面上的語法標記 指主語形式上為單數(shù) 但意義為復數(shù) 因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 或主語形式上為復數(shù) 但表示單數(shù)意義 這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 myfamilyarehavinglunchnow twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook 就近一致原則 指當主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時 謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致 notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk 提示 一般說來 究竟何時采用何種原則 應視英語習慣用法而定 但在實際使用中 如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時 遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法 名詞作主語 1 單數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時 謂語用單數(shù)形式 復數(shù)名詞作主語 謂語用復數(shù)形式 thedeskistom s somewaterisinthebottle thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground 2 某些集體名詞 如family team club class public group等作主語時 如果作為一個整體看待 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 如果就其中一個個成員而言 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 hisfamilyisahappyone thewholefamilyarewatchingtv 3 某些集體名詞 如people police clothes等 只當復數(shù)看待 謂語動詞必須用復數(shù) thepolicearesearchingforthethief 4 單 復數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep deer fish chinese japanese主語時 謂語動詞應根據(jù)意義決定單 復數(shù) asheepisoverthere somesheepareoverthere 5 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略 這種情況一般只指商店 工廠 住宅等 作主語時 動詞一般用單數(shù) thedoctor sisacrossthestreet myuncle sisnotfarfromhere 常見的省略名詞有 thebaker s 面包房 thebarber s 理發(fā)店 thezhang s 張家 等 注 the 姓氏名詞的復數(shù)形式則表示一家人 thegreensarehavingbreakfastnow 6 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時 謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式 例如 glasses shoes chopsticks pants等 thepantsaremine myglassesareonthetable 但如果主語用 akindof apairof aseriesof等加名詞 構(gòu)成時 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式 apairofshoeswasunderthedesk twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk 7 當表示國家 城市 人名 書名 報紙 雜志 及組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時 作為整體 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 theunitedstatesliesinnorthamerica 8 news maths physics politics等詞貌似復數(shù) 實為單數(shù) 其謂語動詞用單數(shù) nonewsisgoodnews mathsisverypopularinourclass 連接詞連接的名詞作主語 1 用and或both and連接并列主語 謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式 plasticsandrubberneverrot walkingandridingaregoodexercises 注 a 并列主語如果指的是同一個人 同一事物或同一概念時 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 否則 用復數(shù) 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式 a n and n 指的是同一個人或物 a n and a n 指兩個人或物 thewriterandteacheriscoming thewriterandtheteacherarecoming b 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each every 等修飾時 結(jié)構(gòu)是each every n and each every n 其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式 eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat everymanandeverywomanisatwork 2 當主語后面跟有aswellas alongwith with like togetherwith but except besides including 等引導的詞組時 其謂語動詞的單 復數(shù)由前面的主語而定 1 theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary 2 thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt 3 mike likehisbrother enjoysplayingfootball 4 thestudents includingtheirteacher aregoingtothebraveman 5 nobodyexceptmr liandmrs lilikessoprts 6 mr libesideshissonslikessports 3 以either or neither nor notonly butalso not but等連接的名詞 代詞 作主語時 謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據(jù)就近一致的原則 eitheryouorheistogo notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere 4 therebe結(jié)構(gòu) 依據(jù)就近一致原則 thereisabook twopensonthedesk therearetwopens abookinthedesk 代詞作主語 1 名詞性物主代詞作主語時 既可以用作單數(shù) 也可以用作復數(shù) 這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù) ours ourparty isagreatparty yourshoesareblack andmine myshoes arebrown 2 關系代詞who that which等在定語從句中作主語時 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致 thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun 3 疑問代詞作主語時 其謂語動詞也有兩種情況 主語表示復數(shù)意義 謂語動詞用復數(shù) 主語表示單數(shù)意義 則謂語動詞用單數(shù) whoisyourbrother whoareleaguemembers 1 herearetwonovels oneiswritteninenglish theotherisinchinese 2 iseveryoneheretoday 3 somethingiswrongwithhim 4 noneofthemhasseenthefilm 5 eitheroftheboysisready 6 neitherofthesewordsiscorrect 7 eachofthepenscoststhreedollars 8 nobodywasin 4 不定代詞somebody someone something anybody anything everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing either neither each theother another作主語 謂語動詞用單數(shù) 分數(shù)和量詞作主語 1 由 alotof lotsof plentyof allof mostof someof halfof a partof restof 構(gòu)成的短語作主語時 其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致 1 lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire lotsofstudentsarewaitingoutside 2 allofthefoodisready alloftheworkersareworking 3 partoftheworkhasbeendonebyus partofthestudentshavegone 2 表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后 名詞要用復數(shù)形式 但是其短語作主語時 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable 3 表示時間 價格 度量 距離 金額 書名 重量 數(shù)目 長度 數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時 這些通常作一個整體概念 謂語用單數(shù)形式 1 twomonthsisalongholiday 2 twentypoundsisn tsoheavy 3 tenmilesisn talongdistance 4 fiveminusfourisone 5 thearabiannightisabookknowntoloversofenglish 4 分數(shù) 百分數(shù) of 名詞做主語時 謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù) tenpercentoftheappleswerebad 注意 population一詞 用作整體時 謂語動詞用單數(shù) 用其部分做主語時 謂語動詞形式用復數(shù) thepopulationofchinais13 6billionand70 ofthepopulationarepeasants 5 anumberof后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞 其動詞用復數(shù)形式 但thenumberof后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞時 其謂語用單數(shù) thenumberoftheteachersinno 2middleschoolisover100 anumberofthemareyoung 名詞化的形容詞作主語 如果主語由 the 形容詞 結(jié)構(gòu)擔任表示一類人或物時 謂語通常用復數(shù) 這類詞有 thepoor therich theblind theyoung theold thesick thedead thedeafanddumb therichoftenhelpthepoor 從句 動詞不定式 動名詞作主語 1 由what引導的主語從句 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù) 但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復數(shù)意義時 謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式 whatweneedismoretime whatweneedaredoctors 2 動詞不定式 動名詞作主語時 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 toseeistobelievedoingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes 2 在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who that which 謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)一致 注意 在 oneof 復數(shù)名詞 who that which 引導的定語從句中 從句謂語的單復數(shù)取決于one前是否有the only thevery 如果有 從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù) 如沒有theonly 就用復數(shù)形式 1 thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked 2 hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool practice 1 eachofthestudents adictionary a haveb isc ared has2 howtimeflies tenyears passed a haveb hasc isd are3 notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother tothesummerpalace theyhaven tbeenback a havebeenb havegonec hasbeend hasgone4 look there playingwiththetouristsondahesquarea areanumberofdeerb areanumberofdeersc isanumberofdeerd isanumberofdeers d b d a 5 thesmiths sendinge mails letters becauseitisfaster a prefer towritingb prefer towritec prefers towritingd prefers towrite6 everyoneexceptbillandjim therewhenthemeetingbegan a wasb isc ared were7 eitherjaneorsteven watchingtvnow a wereb isc ared was8 theolympicgames heldevery years a is fourb are fourc is fived are five a a b b 9 look herecomesome a dogb horsec deerd cow10 itisnotj k rowlingbutherworksthat usexcited a makesb ismadec maked aremade11 eachmanandeachwoman askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout a isb wasc ared were12 about60percentofthestudents fromthesouth therestofthem fromthenorthandforeigncountries a are isb is isc is ared are are13 theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson quiteeasy a isb wasc ared were c c b d b 14 whenareyougoingtokummingforyourholidays ihaven tdecided thissunday nextsundayisok a both andb either orc neither nord notonly butalso15 helen joanspeaksbeautifulchineseaftertheycametochina a neither norb notonly butalsoc both andd aandb16 thepaperforbooksandnewpapers madeofwood a areb isc hasd have17 ofthemhashisownopinion a bothb somec everyd each b d b d 18 notonlymybrotherbutalsoi goodatpainting bothofus goodpainters a are areb am arec is isd are is19 one thirdofthearea coveredwithgreentrees aboutseventypercentofthetrees beenplanted a are haveb is hasc is haved are has20 thenumberofteachersinourcollege greatlyincreasedlastterm anumberofteachersinthisschool fromthecountryside a was isb was arec were ared were is b c b 21 allbutdick inclassthreethisterm a areb isc wered was22 whathe dlike adigitalwatch whathe dlike textbooks a are areb is isc is ared are is23 heisoneoftheboyswho hereontime heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho hereontime a hascome havecomeb havecome hascomec hascome hascomed havecome havecome24 eitheryouorhe interestedinplayingchess youorhefondofmusicatpresent a are areb is arec are isd is is a c b b 25 aknifeandafork onthetable aknifeandfork onthetable a is isb are arec are isd is are26 herfamily muchlargerthanminefouryearsago herfamily dancingandsingingwhenicameinlastnight a were wasb