高中英語(yǔ)名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解.ppt

名詞性從句nounclause 主語(yǔ)從句subjectclause 賓語(yǔ)從句objectclause 表語(yǔ)從句predicativeclause 同位語(yǔ)從句appositiveclause 請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句 WhatIwanttodoistakingabath Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool Idon tthinkheisanhonestboy Thefactisthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere Itissaidthattheywonthegame 主從 同位語(yǔ)從句 賓從 表從 同位語(yǔ)從句 定從 主從 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 that 無(wú)意義 不可省 不充當(dāng)任何成分 whether if 均表示 是否 表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性 asif asthough 均表示 好像 似乎 以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 連接代詞 what whatever who whoever whom whomever whose which whichever連接副詞 when where how why whenever wherever however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義 又起連接作用 在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分 不可省略的連詞 1 介詞后的連詞2 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略 Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的從句 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that whether 代詞 who what which 副詞 when where how why等 1 Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger 2 WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica 主語(yǔ)從句 1 It be 形容詞 that從句 Itisnecessary important obviousthat 2 It be ed分詞 that從句 Itisbelievedthat 人們相信 Itisknowntousallthat 眾所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已經(jīng)決定 3 It be 名詞 that從句 Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat 令人驚奇的是 Itisafactthat 事實(shí)是 4 It 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句 Itappearsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇 不相信 惋惜 理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 should do 常用的句型有 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that Itissuggested requested proposed desired etc that 主語(yǔ)從句中的 主謂一致 1 主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 Thattheywillcome certain 2 What引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定 Whathewants thesebooks Whathewants somewater 注意 is are is 1 intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure mailaccount 2005上海 A WhatisrequiredB WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD Itrequires2 TheForeignMinistersaid ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace 2006北京 A ThisB ThereisC ThatisD Itis3 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace 2004上海 A whereB whatC thatD how Exercises 賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句 通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞 或介詞之后 1 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 2 Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 3 Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake 賓語(yǔ)從句 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ) 1 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分 在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去 但如從句是并列句時(shí) 第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省 例如 Wemustneverthink that wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing 注意 在demand order suggest decide insist desire request command doubt等表示要求 命令 建議 決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后 賓語(yǔ)從句常用 should 動(dòng)詞原形 Iinsistthatshe should doherworkalone 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作 Thecommanderorderedthattroops should setoffatonce 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā) 2 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒 仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序 此外 whether與if在作 是否 的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether 不用if a 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí) b 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí) c 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí) d 從句后有 ornot 時(shí) e 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí) Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 賓語(yǔ)從句中的 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 與 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine等 其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義 一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上 從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式 例如 Hetoldmethathe hisjob 已經(jīng)完成了工作 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里 Ithinkhewon tcomehere Idon tthinkhewillcomehere hadfinished 注意 4 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí) 從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況 而使用不同時(shí)態(tài) 例如 Iknow that hestudiesEnglisheveryday Iknow that hestudiedEnglishlastterm Iknow that hewillstudyEnglishnextyear Iknow that hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) could would除外 從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 如一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理 科學(xué)原理 自然現(xiàn)象 則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 例如 TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica 賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ) Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers 注意 如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí) 一般用it來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ) 把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的 Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays Exercises it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ) 1 Ihate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull A itB thatC theseD them2 Ifeel strangethatheshouldbesocareless A B itC thatD how3 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey A whileB thatC ifD for4Willyouseeto thattheluggageisbroughtback A weB yourselfC itD them A B B C 在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣 表語(yǔ)從句 1 問(wèn)題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系 2 這就是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的 3 天看起來(lái)要下雨了 Theproblemis Thisis Itlooks thatwehavelosttouchwithhim howHenrysolvedtheproblem asifitisgoingtorain 需要注意的 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí) 表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning 注意 whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用 一般放在名詞fact news idea promise thought suggestion belief truth等之后 用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that 不能省 少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等 1 Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus 2 Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering 3 Thesuggestionthattheplan should bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow 同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 that作為關(guān)系代詞 可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 充當(dāng)句子成分 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 起連詞的作用 沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義 不充當(dāng)句子成分 一般不能省略 Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句 不能省略 Haveyougottheidea that thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 作賓語(yǔ) 可以省略 Exercises 1 Doris successliesinthefact sheisco operativeandeagertolearnfromothers 2006上海春季 A whichB thatC whenD why2 Doyouhaveanyidea isactuallygoingonintheclassroom 2005遼寧 A thatB whatc asD which3 Thereisafeelinginme we llneverknowwhataUFOis notever 2002上海 A thatB whichc ofwhichD what4 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities A whileB thatC whenD as 1 Theywanttoknow dotohelpus A whatcantheyB whattheycanC howtheycanD howcanthey 2 Canyoumakesure thegoldring A whereAlicehadputB wherehadAliceputC whereAlicehasputD wherehasAliceput 3 SomeoneisringingMary Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis B C I 語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題 考點(diǎn)歸納 D 歸納 在名詞性從句中 除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外 其它部分應(yīng)用 的語(yǔ)序 陳述 II 用if或whether填空 1 Idon tknow I llbefreetomorrow 2 Idon tknow ornotI llbefreetomorrow 3 Thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 Itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow I llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether Whether If a 主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用 不能用if b 后面緊跟ornot時(shí) 用 歸納 whether whether III that與whether if的選擇 1 knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall WhatB WhereC IfD That 2 Itmakesnodifference oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek A thatB eitherC whetherD when 3 Idoubt hewillcomesoon 4 Idonotdoubt hewillcomesoon 5 Doyoudoubt hewillcomesoon D C whether if that that 表示是否時(shí)用 表示肯定時(shí)用 歸納 whether if that 1 Ican tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind 2 theearthisroundisknowntousall 3 hewontheracewas weexpected that what 只起連接作用 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分 沒(méi)有詞義 起連接作用 且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) 表示 所 的 That What That what 歸納 that what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 what whateverwho whoeverwhich whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 1 isworthdoingisworthdoingwell 2 weneedismoretime 3 madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant 4 breaksthelawwillbepunished Whatever What Who Whoever 等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問(wèn)意義 相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 而 等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問(wèn)意義 Whoever whatever Who what 1 It sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants whichB thatC whateverD allwhat2 ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo Icantosavethem whichB thatC whateverD allwhat3 kills sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds istoblame AnyoneB AnyonewhoC ThosewhoD Those B C C Exercises 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Hesuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Itwassuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hissuggestionwasthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting should beheldimmediately 表示建議 請(qǐng)求 命令 要求 堅(jiān)持等的名詞性從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 歸納 2 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇 不相信 惋惜 理應(yīng)如此等 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 should do 常用句型有1 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that 2 Itisapity ashame nowonderetc that e g Itisstrangethatshe should thinkso 試區(qū)分以下句子 Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout 注意 1 如果是定語(yǔ)從句 它的從句肯定是不完整的 關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的 而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that只起連接作用 2 定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用 而同位語(yǔ)從句則解釋說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容 同從 定從 拓展 1 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how2 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that3 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because C C D Consolidation 4 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because5 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif6 Itisk