不帶to的不定式用法.doc

不帶to的不定式用法動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，它具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，因此在句子里用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語和表語。但在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式又往往不帶to，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)不定式不帶to的用法大致綜述如下：1用在感覺動詞see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后，作為賓語補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式不帶to。如：We often heard them sing我們常常聽到他們唱歌。I saw her walk into the headmasters office我看見她走進(jìn)了校長辦公室。2用在使役動詞make，let，have等后，作為賓語補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式不帶to。如：What makes you think Im a farmer？你怎么認(rèn)為我是一個農(nóng)民？Now let me hear you play現(xiàn)在讓我聽你演奏。Ill have my brother repair the radio for you我要讓我哥哥給你修理收音機(jī)。注意：感覺動詞see，hear，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to和使役動詞let，make，have等用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞不定式作為主語補(bǔ)足語則要帶to。如：She was heard to sing in the next room有人聽到她在隔壁房間里唱歌。3用在had better，had best（最好），would rather（寧愿）,may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不,必然,不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好),等結(jié)構(gòu)后，詞不定式不帶to。如：Id better go and look for him我最好現(xiàn)在就去找他。Youd best get there before lunch你最好午飯前到達(dá)那兒。We would rather wait till tomorrow我們寧愿等到明天。4兩個或兩個以上句法功能相同的動詞不定式并列使用時，通常只是第一個動詞不定式帶to，后面的動詞不定式則不帶to。如：So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough因此他決定去買點咳嗽藥。They began to read and write他們開始讀和寫。5用在“Will you please+動詞不定式”一類表示邀請或命令的句型中，動詞不定式不帶to。如：Will you please bring me some chicken？請你給我?guī)c雞肉來好嗎？Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow？請你讓她明天給我打個電話好嗎？6用在由“Why”或“Why not”一類表示建議的句型中，動詞不定式不帶to。如：Why not join us？（Why wont you join us？）為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來呢？Why spend so much money？為什么花這么多錢呢？7用在助動詞will，shall，would，do和情態(tài)動詞can，may，must，need，dare等后，動詞不定式不帶to。如：I can sing in English我會用英語唱。I think itll fit me quite well before long我想這（件大衣）很快就會合身的。Unfair！How dare you say that？不公平！你怎么敢這么說？注意：ought to，have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作實義動詞時，它后面的動詞不定式要帶to。如：The girl doesnt dare to swim in the river這女孩不敢在河里游泳。8用在動詞help后作為賓語補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式既可以帶to，也可以不帶to。如：Will you help me repair my bike？請你幫我修理一下自行車好嗎？Li Ping often helps me（to）do my lessons李平經(jīng)常幫助我做功課。9用在do anything（nothing，everything）but或except一類結(jié)構(gòu)后，動詞不定式不帶to。如：Cant you do anything but ask silly questions？難道你只會提些愚蠢的問題嗎？There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops除了靜候雨停之外別無辦法。9）在make do(make do with v.設(shè)法應(yīng)付;make do without在沒有.的情況下,設(shè)法應(yīng)付過去), make believe (假裝,假扮), let drop(使跌下,丟下), let fall (放下(吊橋等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.發(fā)射,猛烈,攻擊), let slip(v.放走,松開,錯過,無意中說出), let drive at (,v.對準(zhǔn)打),let go of (釋放,放開), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動詞不定式。例如：They let go of the rope。他們松開了繩子。John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。10)當(dāng)What one does/did ;The first thing one should do