5故事復(fù)述有套路(2.5P).doc

故事復(fù)述有套路廣東省汕頭下蓬中學(xué) 羅麗雯聽說考試的故事復(fù)述部分，要求學(xué)生聽兩次故事，然后再用自己的語言復(fù)述出來。這一部分考察學(xué)生的聽力、速記、語言表達(dá)等綜合能力?？雌饋硭坪醣惹懊鎯刹糠指y，但筆者認(rèn)為這部分反而是中層學(xué)生必爭分的部分。首先，此部分給出了中文提示，包括故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞；即便學(xué)生聽不太懂故事，至少可以憑借翻譯中文句子得分。其次，既然是故事復(fù)述，也即是把別人寫好的文章再說一次，相比起“命題作文”少了一些難度；再次，這部分并不如“角色扮演”一樣，“答案是唯一的”，只要聽懂了，可以有多種表達(dá)方式；最后，此部分是按故事信息點(diǎn)得分，這也是學(xué)生能拿分的關(guān)鍵原因。于是本人結(jié)合在實(shí)際教學(xué)中的情況，針對學(xué)生存在可能失分的情況，找到應(yīng)對的方法，以下提出來討論。一、高考題有套路從2011年至2016年，除了2015年外，其他每一年都有一套題是這樣的套路：“有人暈倒了，Tom救了他（她）”。而故事的套路一般有這樣一些共通的情節(jié)：1.介紹暈倒的人與救人者的關(guān)系。（根據(jù)實(shí)際情節(jié)而定，但兩者一般是有關(guān)系，有些年份是暈倒或傷者養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物）2.有人暈倒了或受傷了，這一情節(jié)一般被描述為“被發(fā)現(xiàn)躺在地上”（He / She was found lying on the floor.）3.救人，一般是打電話找醫(yī)生 （called the doctor at once/ was sent to the hospital at once）4.人得救了（He / She was saved in time）二、按套路編故事了解了故事發(fā)展套路后，學(xué)生在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)，不妨學(xué)會從故事概要中挖掘隱藏信息，再聯(lián)系關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行想象。因?yàn)樗o出的故事一般與日常生活比較貼近，可以用常理進(jìn)行推斷，思想也是正面健康的。學(xué)生如果能做好“斷句”和“挖掘”信息，即使沒有全部聽懂，也能爭取多拿分。下面以高考題為例進(jìn)行說明。例1：2011年A套題的故事概要為Uncle John 獨(dú)居，某日侄子Tom得知叔叔暈倒，請來醫(yī)生救了他。關(guān)鍵詞包括了 alone; nephew; call; neighbor; save這句概要看起來很短，但實(shí)際上包含如下6個(gè)意思：1. Uncle John 獨(dú)居；2. Uncle John有個(gè)叫Tom的侄子，或者 Tom是Uncle John的侄子；3. 叔叔暈倒了；4. Tom知道這件事；(結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞neighbor)5. Tom打電話給醫(yī)生；6. 醫(yī)生救了Uncle John。即使學(xué)生因?yàn)榫o張等其他原因聽不懂故事，按照以上內(nèi)容進(jìn)行復(fù)述，也能講出大概3到4個(gè)信息點(diǎn)；而且信息點(diǎn)1、2、5、6還有相應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，又因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)斷成短句，翻譯的難度大大降低。如果能觀察到關(guān)鍵詞還有neighbor這一人物，聯(lián)想到叔叔的暈倒可能是由neighbor發(fā)現(xiàn)，并告知Tom的話，其實(shí)整個(gè)故事的輪廓就非常清晰了。附2011年A套題Part C 故事復(fù)述要點(diǎn):1. Uncle John lived alone at the age of 85 and Tom was his nephew, who often contacted him.2. Tom usually called his uncle to say hello to him and check if everything was OK.3. One day, Uncle John didnt answer Toms call.4. Tom then went back to work and then called again.5. But there was still no answer.6. Tom was anxious and asked Johns neighbor to see what happened.7. The neighbor told Tom that Uncle John was found lying on the bathroom floor.8. The neighbor couldnt even wake him up.9. Tom called the doctor for help immediately and went to the Uncle Johns house.10. Finally, Uncle John was save in time.例2： 2012年D套題的故事概要為布朗夫婦收養(yǎng)的袋鼠救了受傷后倒在地上的Mr. Brown。關(guān)鍵詞包括了 kangaroo; adopt; save; fall; bark這一故事概要比較簡短，能挖掘的信息不多。如果學(xué)生直接使用中文的思維，直接翻譯出一個(gè)長句子，不利于得分。特別對于中下層的學(xué)生來說，翻譯出來的句子一般會有不少語法錯(cuò)誤。但如果學(xué)生能學(xué)會斷句，再加以挖掘的話，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這一故事概要包含了如下信息：1.布朗夫婦收養(yǎng)了一只袋鼠；（聯(lián)系關(guān)鍵詞）2.有一天，Mr. Brown受傷了；3. Mr. Brown躺在地上；4.袋鼠看見了，吠叫（這個(gè)是推斷信息，同時(shí)聯(lián)系了關(guān)鍵詞bark）；5. Mr. Brown得救了。附2012年D套題Part C 故事復(fù)述要點(diǎn):1. Mr. and Mrs. Brown were farmers in South Australia.2. They had a kangaroo called Lulu.3. Ten years ago Mr. Brown adopted Lulu.4. Lulu often followed Mr. Brown around the farm.5. A heavy branch fell on Mr. Brown and Mr. Brown was hurt.6. Mr. Brown fell to the ground and didnt know what happened next.7. Lulu didnt leave Mr. Brown and barked like a dog.8. Mrs. Brown heard Lulus bark and found Mr. Brown on the ground. 9. Mrs. Brown sent Mr. Brown to the hospital and Mr. Brown was saved.10. Mr. Brown planned to take Lulu everywhere. 例3：2013年A：Tom 給Brown夫人送信時(shí)無人答應(yīng)，從窗戶進(jìn)屋后看到她躺在地上。關(guān)鍵詞：postman ;deliver a letter; house ; milk; lie 這篇斷句挖掘后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)包括了如下信息：1.Tom是郵遞員；(結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞postman)2.Tom給Mrs. Brown送信；3.無人答應(yīng)；4.門上鎖了（這是推斷信息，因?yàn)門om是從窗戶進(jìn)入屋子的）；5.Tom從窗戶進(jìn)屋；6.Tom看到Mrs. Brown躺在地上；7.Mrs. Brown得救了。這一故事因?yàn)楣８沤o出的信息較多，我們能挖掘的信息點(diǎn)也比較多，而且斷句后都是比較簡短的句子，學(xué)生如能翻譯出來，這篇故事的輪廓也是非常清晰了。附2013年A套題Part C 故事復(fù)述要點(diǎn):1. Tom was a postman. Whenever Tom delivered a letter to Mrs. Brown, he finished his work late.2. Tom didnt mind this, for Mrs. Brown always invited him in.3. When entering the gate, Tom didnt see her in the garden as usual.4. Tom went to the back and found the kitchen was locked.5. Tom returned to the front and knocked, but there was no answer.6. This was strange since Mrs. Brown seldom left the house.7. Her milk was still at the door, which made Tom think she was ill.8. Tom walked round the house and found an open window.9. Tom went inside through the window and found she was lying on the floor.10. Tom could do nothing but call for an ambulance.例4： 2014年A套題的故事概要為公共汽車司機(jī)突然暈倒，Tom及時(shí)剎車，救了全車人。1.Tom坐公共汽車；（如果不在公共汽車上，Tom無法及時(shí)剎車）2.在路上，司機(jī)突然暈倒了；3.無人駕車，車失控（這是推斷信息）；4.大家都很害怕，但不知道怎么辦（這是推斷信息）；5.Tom及時(shí)剎車；6.Tom救了全車的人。附2014年A套題Part C 故事復(fù)述要點(diǎn):1. One morning, Tom was on the school bus with other kids. 2. But then the bus driver, who was feeling unwell, suddenly passed out. 3. It happened very quickly, and the bus began to be out of control. 4. All the kids were afraid and they screamed . 5. But Tom was calm because he knew a lot about cars and often helped his father repair his car. 6. So Tom ran to the front of the bus, and pushed the bus driver to one side. 7. He stepped on the brakes and stopped the bus. 8. Nobody was hurt, and the story of Tom saving the kids on the bus became well known. 9. He even appeared on television, and his school gave him an award. 10. Toms father was proud of him, and said hed teach Tom to drive when Tom was old enough以上四個(gè)例子是在是關(guān)于人“受傷”的故事套路，以及挖掘信息的方法。當(dāng)這些情節(jié)成為套路后，播放聽力時(shí)，當(dāng)聽到跟我們預(yù)測的一樣的情節(jié)時(shí)，我們需要記的內(nèi)容相對就少了，只需要將與我們聽到的不一樣的內(nèi)容記下來即可。而且因?yàn)楣适掳l(fā)展順序已經(jīng)比較清楚，學(xué)生在復(fù)述時(shí)思路也會比較清晰。只是考試準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間非常短，因此我們在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)要熟練“拆句”“斷句”，考試時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。不知道經(jīng)過上面的分析，你是否學(xué)會掌握了這個(gè)方法？下面給出2016年的一套高考題供練習(xí)。2016年E篇梗概：Mary露營時(shí)摔傷了腿，她的狗在公路上設(shè)法找人幫助她。關(guān)鍵詞：companion(伙伴), camping(露營), break(使骨折), driver(司機(jī)), recover(康復(fù))隱藏的信息：解題參考：這篇經(jīng)過斷句和聯(lián)系詞進(jìn)行想像后，包括了如下信息：1. Mary有一小伙伴，它是一只小狗。（聯(lián)系關(guān)鍵詞companion）2.Mary帶著小狗去露營。（沒帶著它去，則下文無法展開）3. Mary摔傷了腿，倒在地上。4. 狗跑出去，尋找?guī)椭?. 一位司機(jī)跟著小狗，找到Mary。（聯(lián)系關(guān)鍵詞，狗找的人極有可能是“driver”）6. 司機(jī)看到Mary受傷，幫助她。7. 最后Mary康復(fù)了。（聯(lián)系關(guān)鍵詞）附2016年E套題Part C 故事復(fù)述要點(diǎn):1. Mary kept a dog and always considered him a good companion. 2. One day, Mary went to a big mountain with the dog for camping. 3. Unfortunately, when she was taking some pictures, she fell down from a rock and broke her leg. 4. The dog ran a long way to the main road, trying to stop passing cars, but he failed. 5. He hurried back to the camp to see how Mary was.6. Again, the dog went back to the road, trying to ask for help. 7. Finally, a driver stopped and foll