華立工商管理專業(yè)英語整理版.doc

縮寫：1. CEO Chief Executive Officer 首席執(zhí)行官 2. POS point-of-sale （商店結(jié)賬處的）計算機終端機 3. HRM Human Resource Management 人力資源管理4. MBO Management by Objectives 目標(biāo)管理5. OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織術(shù)語1. Prevailing price 流行價格2. Market share 市場份額3. Insurance agent 保險業(yè)務(wù)員4. Allocation of resources 資源配置5. Task force 任務(wù)小組6. Mergers and acquisitions 兼并與收購7. Corporate restructuring 公司重組8. Downsizing (公司)縮編9. Outsourcing decision 外包決策10. Unit cost of production 單位生產(chǎn)成本11. Strategic alliance 戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟12. Overhead 管理費用13. Competitive advantage 競爭優(yōu)勢14. Individual decision-making 個人決策15. Scarce resources 稀缺資源16. Incremental adjustment 增量調(diào)整17. Marginal costs 邊際成本18. Marginal benefits 邊際收益19. Opportunity cost 機會成本20. Market economy 市場經(jīng)濟21. Market failure 市場失靈22. Economic prosperity 經(jīng)濟繁榮23. Budget deficit 預(yù)算赤字24. Financial market 金融市場25. Inflation 通貨膨脹26. Equitable distribution 公平分配27. Personal income tax 個人所得稅28. Welfare system 福利制度29. Health care 醫(yī)療保健30. A standing plan 常備計劃31. A contingency plan 應(yīng)變計劃32. Performance appraisal system 業(yè)績評估系統(tǒng)33. Emergency budget 應(yīng)急預(yù)算34. Line supervisor 基層主管35. Chain of command 指令鏈36. Delegate authority 分權(quán)37. Work specialization 勞動分工38. Legitimate power 法理權(quán)利39. Reward power 獎賞權(quán)利 40. Authoritarian management 集權(quán)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)41. Concurrent control 同期控制42. Distribution channel 分銷渠道43. Transportation costs 運輸成本44. Vertical integration 縱向整合45. Annual sales 年銷售額46. Performance appraisal system 業(yè)績評估體系47. Cost leadership strategy 成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略48. Incentive plan 激勵計劃判斷正誤 10%1、A manager is a person who plans ,organizes ,directs, and controls the allocation of all resources in pursuit of the managers individual goals.(F)一個經(jīng)理是計劃,組織，指導(dǎo)，控制所有資源的分配，以此達到經(jīng)理的個人目標(biāo)。2、The growth rate of a nations average income is mostly determined by the growth rate of a nations productivity. (T)一個國家的平均收入的增長率主要是由一個國家的生產(chǎn)力增長率的確定3、When a government creates large quantities of the nations money ,the value of the money rises. (F)當(dāng)政府發(fā)行了大量貨幣，貨幣的價值上升。4、Reducing inflation is often thought to cause a lasting rise in unemployment . (F) 降低通貨膨脹常常被認為會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率的持續(xù)上升5、Reducing inflation is often thought to cause a rise in unemployment temporarily. (T)降低通貨膨脹常常被認為會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率暫時上升， 6、Qualitative goals are described in numerical terms ,such as “Salesperson Jones will obtain 16 new accounts in December”. (F)定性目標(biāo)是用數(shù)值來衡量，比如推銷員瓊斯在12月拿到了16張新單7、Quantitative goals use statements such as “Marketing will reduce complaints by improving customer service next year.” (F)定量目標(biāo)是使用語句如“營銷將減少明年改善客戶服務(wù)的投訴8、The final step in MBO is to carefully evaluate whether annual goals have been achieved of both individuals and departments . (T)目標(biāo)管理的最后一步是仔細評估個人和部門年度目標(biāo)是否已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)9、Sing-use plans are ongoing plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organization. (F)演唱計劃是正在進行的計劃，用來提供組織內(nèi)進行的多次任務(wù)的指導(dǎo)10、The primary standing plans are organizational policies, rules ,and procedures. (T)最重要計劃是組織的政策，規(guī)則，和程序。11、To develop contingency plans ,planers must identify uncontrollable factors, such as recession ,inflation, technological developments ,or safety accidents.(T)制定應(yīng)急計劃時計劃者必須確定不可控制的因素，如經(jīng)濟衰退，通貨膨脹，科技的發(fā)展，或安全事故12、Work can often be performed more efficiently of employees are allowed to specialize. (T)工作通常因?qū)T工差異化對待而更有效率地進行13、Unity of command means that each employee is held accountable to not only one supervisor. (F)統(tǒng)一指揮就是每個員工不止對一種責(zé)任負責(zé)14、Authority is vested in personal ability , not organizational positions.(F)權(quán)威是由個人能力決定的，而不是所處的組織位置15、Decentralization means that decision authority is located near the top of the organization. (F)權(quán)力下放意味著該組織的決策機構(gòu)是位于頂部附近。分權(quán)是指位于頂部的組織才有決策權(quán)16、Empowering employees have more say and hence contributes more to organizational goals . (T)使員工能更多表達個人觀點有助于實現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)17、Control can focus on events before ,during or after a process These three types of control are formally called feedforward ,concurrent and feedback. (T)控制可以集中于事件之前，期間或之后的一個過程，這三種類型的控制被正式稱為前饋，并發(fā)和反饋18、The effective presentation is characterized by such conversational qualities as vocal expressiveness and vocal emphasis ,good eye contact ,and appropriate body language . (T)有效表達具有以下特點，聲音的表現(xiàn)力和語調(diào)，良好的目光接觸，和適當(dāng)?shù)纳眢w語言19、 Proprietorships often have unlimited life. (F)獨資企業(yè)往往擁有無限的生命20、Partnerships suffer from relatively high taxes compared with corporations. (F)合伙企業(yè)相對股份有限公司的稅負更高完形填空20%At Roy Rogers Restaurants , the annual turnover had been running between 80 to 90 percent across the corporation , costing the organization more than $3 million per year . The HRM department conducted a survey among field managers to get their views on the problem .The managers attribute the high turnover to several people-oriented problems ,such as poor recruitment pay ,training performance feedback ,and promotional opportunities .Interestingly ,restaurant managers who experienced the higher turnover within their own units were much more likely to hold the HRM department responsible for solving these problem ,they did not see how these problems related to their own behavior .On the other hand, managers experiencing less turnover held themselves accountable for solving these problem.在羅伊羅杰斯餐館, 整個公司的年營業(yè)額已運行80至90%的時候,核算后組織每年的成本高達300萬美元以上。人力資源管理部門在現(xiàn)場對經(jīng)理們進行了一個調(diào)查，得到他們對這個問題的看法。經(jīng)理們認為成本高主要是幾個跟人有關(guān)的問題,如工資低,培訓(xùn)，績效反饋,和促銷的機會。有趣的是,較高人員流失率的餐廳經(jīng)理更傾向于人力資源管理部門應(yīng)該負責(zé)解決這些問題, 他們沒有看到這些問題與他們自己的行為的關(guān)系。另一方面,人員流失率較低的經(jīng)理支持自己負責(zé)解決這些問題。Under a cost leadership strategy , a firm provides the same services or products as its competitors, but produces them at a lower cost .By doing so, the organization earns a better return on its investment in capital and human resources . For example, Restaurant A and B sell the same number of hamburgers at the same price .Restaurant A can gain a competitive advantage over B if it is able to reduce its per unit cost, that is , produce each hamburger at a lower cost. A per unit cost is the cost of producing one unit of product or service .It can be reduced by increasing the number of units produced relative to the total cost of producing them. 在成本優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略下，公司與它的競爭對手提供相同的服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品，但生產(chǎn)成本較低。通過這樣做，公司在資本和人力資源方面的投資回報更好。例如，餐館A和B以同樣的價格出售等量的漢堡包。如果餐廳A可以能降低單位成本，就是以更低的成本生產(chǎn)每個漢堡，以此獲得對B的競爭優(yōu)勢。每單位成本是指生產(chǎn)一個單位的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的成本。它可以通過增加產(chǎn)量，將他們的生產(chǎn)總成本相應(yīng)地降低。The theory of comparative advantage holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities ,i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller, i.e. the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater, i.e. the commodity of its comparative disadvantage .Where comparative advantage exists , two trading partners are both able to share in the gains from trade . Trade to exploit comparative advantage efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off without making another worse off .比較優(yōu)勢理論認為，即使一個國家比其他國家的商品生產(chǎn)效率低，即在生產(chǎn)任何商品時具有絕對的劣勢，還有互利貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)。首先國家應(yīng)該專門生產(chǎn)和出口的大宗商品，其絕對劣勢較小，即其相對優(yōu)勢的商品，進口大宗商品，其絕對劣勢是大的。只要存在比較優(yōu)勢，兩個貿(mào)易伙伴彼此之間都能夠從貿(mào)易中獲利。貿(mào)易是利用國家之間商品的比較優(yōu)勢，而不是使得一個國家的經(jīng)濟惡化去讓另一個國家的經(jīng)濟狀況變好作文 20%Retailing is such a part of our daily life that its often taken for granted as successful on the topic “a retailers typical business activities”?Your article should be no less than 200 words.零售業(yè)是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?，它往往被認為理所當(dāng)然成功。主題“零售商的典型的商業(yè)活動”？你的文章應(yīng)該不少于200字。加多寶重塑品牌時隔15年后，王老吉商標(biāo)再度回歸廣州藥業(yè)集團運營，此時其已價值千億元。失去王老吉logo的加多寶展開了加多寶重塑品牌的戰(zhàn)略。為了使消費者能很自然的從王老吉過渡到加多寶，牢牢吸引住原有消費群體，積極吸納更廣泛消費群體，加多寶在開展電視、地鐵廣告、發(fā)布會等傳統(tǒng)營銷傳播方式外，也同時注重通過QQ、微博等社會化媒體獲取消費者支持打造一個立體傳播策略，無論是在地面還是空中，都展開了密集的攻勢，投入巨資，全方位阻擊王老吉的消費導(dǎo)向。2013年2月5日,在廣州正佳廣場一臺自動販賣機前，只要大聲喊出“過年來罐加多寶！”分貝達標(biāo)，就會自動掉下一罐加多寶。于是整晚不斷有人在喊，只需一罐飲料的價錢就能換來顧客賣力幫忙做廣告。Jia duo bao rebrand15 years later, the brand of Wang Lao Ji return to Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group to run again, at which point it is worth billions of dollars. After losing the brand of wang lao Ji , jia duo bao began the strategy to remold his brand.To enable the consumer to a natural transition from wang lao Ji to jia