論音樂(lè)教育在“90后”大學(xué)生思想政治教育中的價(jià)值分析.doc

/ /論音樂(lè)教育在“90后”大學(xué)生思想政治教育中的價(jià)值分析Theory of music education in the after 90 s college students ideological and political education value analysis通過(guò)針對(duì)2011年新入學(xué)的“90”后大學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育的一些切身體會(huì)，總結(jié)出“90”后大學(xué)生的一些思維特點(diǎn)與行為方式，為找到一條針對(duì)新一代大學(xué)生因材施教的教學(xué)方法打下基礎(chǔ)。By targeting new entrance in 2011 after the 90 education of college students of some experience, summed up the 90 after some thinking characteristics and behaviors of college students, to find a new generation of college students according to their aptitude for teaching method lays the foundation. 一、“90后”大學(xué)生的心理思想特征A, after 90 s college students psychological characteristics 1.思想早熟，個(gè)性張揚(yáng)。在信息爆炸的時(shí)代，以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)愈加便捷的大環(huán)境下，“90后”大學(xué)生可以方便的獲取各種信息，開(kāi)闊了視野，知識(shí)面超前，使得這一代青年更加的早熟。伴隨成長(zhǎng)的家庭環(huán)境普遍民主，也沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)政治和歷史動(dòng)蕩，使得他們的個(gè)性張揚(yáng)而又善于表現(xiàn)自我。他們對(duì)外界事物有著自己的看法和主見(jiàn)，甚至部分可以做到有一定的深度，富有社會(huì)責(zé)任感，伴隨時(shí)代潮流成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的他們也總是渴望走在時(shí)代的前沿。然而個(gè)性的過(guò)分張揚(yáng)，不符合現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)人才團(tuán)隊(duì)精神、合作意識(shí)的要求，可能成為他們成長(zhǎng)的桎梏。1. Ideas early, individual character make public. In the era of information explosion, and the Internet more convenient circumstances, after 90 s college students can get all kinds of information conveniently, widened the field of vision and knowledge in advance, make this generation of youth more precocious. Along with the growth of democracy, family circumstances also does not have experienced political and historical turmoil, makes the performance of their individual character make public and good at self. They has their own views and ideas on outward things, even some can have certain depth, rich social responsibility, which have grown up with the trend of The Times they are always eager to walk in the forefront of The Times. Personality too make public, however, does not conform to the realistic social demand for talents team spirit and cooperation consciousness, could become the shackles of their growth. 2.思維敏捷，富有創(chuàng)新精神，價(jià)值取向趨向功利化。精神、物質(zhì)生活極大豐富的大環(huán)境，使相當(dāng)多的“90后”大學(xué)生從小就接受各式各樣的智力教育。這使得很多“90后”大學(xué)生，反應(yīng)能力、思辨能力和接受新事物的能力等各個(gè)方面非常突出。由于過(guò)早、過(guò)多的接觸各式各樣的社會(huì)信息，以及社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生樹(shù)立正確的人生觀、價(jià)值觀產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。特別是拜金主義、享樂(lè)主義在“90后”大學(xué)生中產(chǎn)生了一定的沖擊。部分學(xué)生在人生價(jià)值觀上崇尚自我，過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)，以至于他們的集體觀念、奉獻(xiàn)精神、團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)以及艱苦奮斗的作風(fēng)相對(duì)不足。2. The thought is agile, innovative, value orientation tend to be utilitarian. Spiritual and material life enriched environment, quite a number of after 90 s college students education at an early age to accept all kinds of intelligence. This makes a lot of after 90 s college students, reaction ability, thinking ability and the ability to accept new things, etc. Every aspect is very prominent. Due to premature, excessive exposure to a variety of social information, as well as the high speed development of the socialist market economy, market economy brings negative effect to the student set up the correct outlook on life and values have had an impact. Especially the money worship, hedonism in the after 90 s college students have a certain impact. Some students on the life values advocate self, too much emphasis on the realization of self value, so that their collective idea, dedication spirit, team consciousness and relatively insufficient hard work style. 3.心理狀態(tài)不穩(wěn)定但不乏堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。“90后”的大學(xué)生們大都生活在物質(zhì)生活比較富足的家庭，在物質(zhì)生活方面較為優(yōu)裕，而且多為獨(dú)生子女，多少有嬌生慣養(yǎng)之嫌，而且他們也是正在成長(zhǎng)的青年，內(nèi)心體驗(yàn)極其細(xì)膩微妙。進(jìn)入大學(xué)以后，他們的生活中突然沒(méi)有了父母家人的照顧，隨之而來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和人際交往的壓力，給他們?cè)斐闪撕艽蟮男睦碡?fù)擔(dān)。而他們的價(jià)值觀念尚不穩(wěn)定，時(shí)常處于波動(dòng)、迷茫、抉擇之中，如果自己不會(huì)自我調(diào)節(jié)，不能勇于面對(duì)這些困難和挫折，對(duì)學(xué)生的未來(lái)發(fā)展極其不利。3. The mental state is not stable but not strong. After 90 s college students are living in the material life more rich families in terms of material life is relatively prosperous, and more as the only children, many have become spoiled, but they are also growing youth, inner experience is extremely exquisite and delicate. After entering the university, they suddenly have no parents in the life of family care, followed by a study, life and interpersonal stress, caused great psychological burden for them. And their concept of value is not stable, often under fluctuations, confused, choice, if you dont self adjusting, cant have the courage to face these difficulties and setbacks, is extremely unfavorable to students future development. 總言之，“90后”大學(xué)生出生在中國(guó)信息飛速發(fā)展的年代，可以說(shuō)是信息時(shí)代的優(yōu)先體驗(yàn)者，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、信息爆炸等各種新鮮事物層出不窮?！?0后”大學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境使他們的行為和思維方式有很大的特殊性，高校輔導(dǎo)員應(yīng)該摒棄舊的教育觀念和方式，在思想政治工作中充分發(fā)揮音樂(lè)教育特殊的育人優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)“90后”大學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的提升。In a word, after 90 s college students was born in China rapid development information age, experience can be said to be the priority of the information age, the market economy, the information explosion, etc. Various kinds of new things emerge in endlessly. After 90 s college students growing environment to make their behavior and thinking way has a lot of particularity, college counselors should abandon the old education ideas and ways, in the ideological and political work into full play in the music education of special educational advantages, promote the after 90 s college students comprehensive quality of ascension. 二、音樂(lè)教育的作用Second, music education function 思想政治教育與音樂(lè)教育同屬于社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)范疇，有著強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代精神和鮮明的思想傾向。自階級(jí)社會(huì)誕生以來(lái)，任何思想政治教育與音樂(lè)教育都一樣有著鮮明的階級(jí)性。音樂(lè)教育所體現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)和政治教育是一致的，具有聲情并茂、以情動(dòng)人、潛移默化等發(fā)揮思想政治教育的功能，使“90后”大學(xué)生在心理上、精神上取得和諧和平衡。Ideological and political education and music education with belong to the category of social ideology, there is a strong time spirit and sharp mind. Since the birth of class society, any thought political education and music education is the same with distinct class character. Music education goal and political education is consistent, affectionately, moving people by feeling, osmosis, such as the function of ideological and political education, the after 90 s college students psychological and spiritual harmony and balance. 在思想政治理論學(xué)習(xí)中，可以通過(guò)音樂(lè)的形式來(lái)闡明某個(gè)抽象的概念或觀點(diǎn)，或以音樂(lè)作品中的事件或人物作為案例來(lái)對(duì)某個(gè)政治理論或道德觀念進(jìn)行討論分析，發(fā)揮和調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性和主動(dòng)性。通過(guò)音樂(lè)教育來(lái)發(fā)揮思想政治教育的功能，可以極大地改變思想政治理論學(xué)習(xí)中死板枯燥的弊端。音樂(lè)教育對(duì)“90后”大學(xué)生思想品德發(fā)揮的作用，其效果并不像制定明確的行為規(guī)范或直接的道德宣傳那樣直接、明顯。它是一個(gè)潛移默化的過(guò)程，音樂(lè)用有組織的聲音來(lái)創(chuàng)造形象，表達(dá)人們的思想感情，反映社會(huì)生活的藝術(shù)，可以通過(guò)感染、激發(fā)和凈化等多種手段參與“90后”大學(xué)生的思想品德教育。In the ideological and political theory of learning, can be clarified by the form of music some abstract concepts or ideas, or events or characters in the works of music as a case to analysis to the discussion of a certain political theory or moral, and arouses students enthusiasm and initiative into full play. Through the music education to develop the function of ideological and political education, can greatly change the rigid boring in the ideological and political theory of learning. Music education of 90 after the role of the ideological and moral character, the effect is not as clear in the code of conduct or moral propaganda directly directly and clearly. It is a process of osmosis, music to create the image, with the voice of organized expression of peoples thoughts and feelings, reflect the social life of art, can be through a variety of means, such as infection, inspire and purification to participate in the after 90 s college students ideological and moral education. 1.音樂(lè)教育可以提升大學(xué)生的審美能力。音樂(lè)教育的美育作用早在中國(guó)先秦時(shí)期就受到哲學(xué)家、教育家孔子的重視。他提出“興于詩(shī)，立于禮，成于樂(lè)”，意思是詩(shī)經(jīng)是學(xué)習(xí)其他五經(jīng)的基礎(chǔ)，即“興于詩(shī)”；禮，主要講行為，“禮”是讓我們?nèi)ナ厮?，用行為去踐行它；而“樂(lè)”是調(diào)和心靈的，樂(lè)經(jīng)主要講“和”，就是要達(dá)到內(nèi)在心靈的平靜。有“樂(lè)”的修養(yǎng)，人就能表里如一，禮樂(lè)完善。所以論語(yǔ)里面講“興于詩(shī)，立于禮，成于樂(lè)”，最后才是“成于樂(lè)”，因?yàn)椤俺捎跇?lè)”是最不容易的。1. Music education can improve college students aesthetic ability. Music aesthetic education function of education as early as the pre-qin period in China was brought to the attention of the philosopher and educator Confucius. He put forward interest in poetry, in the ritual, as in music, which means the book of songs is the base of learning other five classics, namely xing in the poem; The ritual, the main behavior, the ritual is let us to keep him, use behavior to practice it; While the le is to reconcile, happy main and, is to achieve inner peace of mind. Music culture, people can, reed is perfect. So in the analects speak prospering in poetry, in the ritual, as in music, the last is into, because le is the most not easy. 音樂(lè)對(duì)人的影響是深遠(yuǎn)、潛移默化的，受教育者本人常常在不知不覺(jué)中受其感染和教化。我國(guó)古代最早的美學(xué)著作樂(lè)記提出：“凡音之起，由人心生也。人心之動(dòng)，物使之然也。感于物而動(dòng)，故形于聲?！贝笠馐侨藗冃蕾p音樂(lè)，通過(guò)耳濡目染，產(chǎn)生潛移默化的美育作用，提高審美能力，促進(jìn)身心健康發(fā)展。人們自然地通過(guò)音樂(lè)把內(nèi)心的情感與對(duì)客觀世界的感受聯(lián)系起來(lái)，借助音樂(lè)抒發(fā)情懷。Music to the persons influence is profound, subtle, educated himself often in imperceptible in the infection and enlightenment. Aesthetic works of ancient Chinese earliest yue ji is put forward: every sound, born of the heart. The heart of the move and content but also. Interested in thing, so the shape in the sound. The effect is that people appreciate music, through narrative, subtly aesthetic effect, improve the aesthetic ability, promote the development of physical and mental health. People naturally through the heart of music emotion and feelings about the world, with the aid of music to express feelings. 高校須扎扎實(shí)實(shí)開(kāi)展音樂(lè)素質(zhì)教育，通過(guò)教學(xué)、實(shí)踐等多種形式來(lái)培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生正確健康的審美觀點(diǎn)、審美情趣，提高大學(xué)生的賞析和音樂(lè)創(chuàng)造能力，最終使得大學(xué)生素質(zhì)全面發(fā)展。Colleges and universities must music quality education should be promoted, through teaching, practice, and other forms to cultivate college students right and healthy aesthetic view and aesthetic temperament and interest, improve the students appreciation and music creation ability, eventually making all-round development of students quality. 2.音樂(lè)教育是對(duì)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育的有力工具。前蘇聯(lián)著名教育家蘇霍姆林斯基曾言：“音樂(lè)教育并不是音樂(lè)家的教育，首先是人的教育?！边@句話表述了音樂(lè)教育的目的。音樂(lè)教育對(duì)學(xué)生優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)的形成，人格的完善具有其他學(xué)科不可替代的作用。音樂(lè)的教化功能是通過(guò)對(duì)音樂(lè)作品的理解而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因?yàn)橐魳?lè)能激發(fā)感情的浪花、撥動(dòng)心弦，從而產(chǎn)生移情作用，發(fā)揮教育功能。例如，學(xué)生欣賞藝術(shù)歌曲祖國(guó)，慈祥的母親時(shí)，學(xué)生們都心潮澎湃，無(wú)論是清新真摯的語(yǔ)言還是柔美動(dòng)人的旋律，無(wú)不深深地打動(dòng)著學(xué)生心底的情愫。此歌曲風(fēng)格樸實(shí)自然，品位高雅，表達(dá)了億萬(wàn)中華兒女對(duì)偉大祖國(guó)母親赤誠(chéng)的愛(ài)。所以，高校音樂(lè)教育的最終意義就在于使學(xué)生的情感得到陶冶，思想得到凈化，品格得到完善，從而使他們的身心得到和諧發(fā)展。2. The music education is a powerful tool for education on college students. The former Soviet union well-known educator Su Huom Lin Siji once said: music education is not a musicians education, first of all is the persons education. The purpose of the sentence expression of the music education. Music education to the student the formation of good quality, the perfection of personality is irreplaceable role in other disciplines. Music education function is through the understanding of music works. Because music can stimulate the feelings of the waves, the heartstrings, and generate empathy, give play to the education function. Students appreciate the art song, for example, my country, kind mother, when the students were all surge of emotion surge, whether it is pure and fresh and the sincere language or gently beautiful moving melody, all impressed the students deeply in the bottom of my heart. This song style naturalness, grade is decorous, expressed the sincere love to the great motherland mother millions of Chinese people. So, colleges and universities music educations ultimate significance is to cultivate students emotion, purified mind, personality is perfect, so that they get harmonious development of body and mind. 3.音樂(lè)教育可以培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)。高校的音樂(lè)教育不僅僅局限于大學(xué)生平時(shí)的課程設(shè)置上，也反映在大學(xué)生平時(shí)的音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中。音樂(lè)教育的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)在高校的主要形式有合唱團(tuán)、交響樂(lè)團(tuán)、民樂(lè)團(tuán)、舞蹈團(tuán)等等，從表象看，這些活動(dòng)能給學(xué)生帶來(lái)享受音樂(lè)的平臺(tái)，豐富高校藝術(shù)氛圍。從更深層次看，音樂(lè)教育對(duì)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)、鍛煉協(xié)作能力也起著極其重要的作用。比如合唱團(tuán)、交響樂(lè)團(tuán)，這樣的團(tuán)隊(duì)從日常的排練到演出，無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不使學(xué)生切身體會(huì)到音樂(lè)的成熟、有序、優(yōu)美。學(xué)生在這樣的音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中，不僅鍛煉了協(xié)作能力，而且能夠使他們?nèi)谌爰w之中，體會(huì)并理解集體與個(gè)人的關(guān)系。3. Music education can cultivate students sense of team. College music education is not confined to college students on the curriculum setting of at ordinary times, also reflected in the college students at ordinary times music practice activity. The main form of music education practice in colleges and universities have a choir and symphony orchestra, national music orchestra, dance, and so on, look from the surface, these activities can bring students enjoy the music platform, rich artistic atmosphere in colleges and universities. From a deeper view, music education to cultivate the students team consciousness, cooperation ability exercise also plays a very important role. Such as choir and symphony orchestra, the rehearsal to the performance of the team from everyday, every second so that the students experience to the mature, orderly and beautiful music. Students in such a music practice activity, not only exercise the cooperation ability, and to cast them into the collective, experience and understanding of the relationship between the collective and the individual. 4.音樂(lè)教育能開(kāi)發(fā)大學(xué)生的大腦，有利于創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展。近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究和實(shí)踐表明：音樂(lè)素質(zhì)教育可以綜合地培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造型人才的各種素質(zhì)，是培養(yǎng)品德、鍛煉意志、開(kāi)發(fā)智力，尤其是發(fā)展創(chuàng)造能力的良好途徑。音樂(lè)教育能開(kāi)發(fā)人的大腦，促進(jìn)人的智力功能，有利于創(chuàng)造思維的發(fā)展。因此，在訓(xùn)練大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性思維上，音樂(lè)教育具有獨(dú)特的功效和得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì)。4. Music education can develop students brain, is conducive to the development of creative thinking. At home and abroad in recent years, the research and practice show that quality of music education can synthetically all kinds of quality, to training creative talents is to cultivate moral character, exercise the will, the development intelligence, especially in a good way of developing creative ability. Music education can promote brain that develops a person, the persons intelligence function, promotes the development of creative thinking. Accordingly, in training students creative thinking, music education has special efficacy and advantages. 其一，在音樂(lè)教育中，不論演唱、演奏和欣賞音樂(lè)，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)人們聚精會(huì)神，這能引起記憶、思維、想象等一系列心理反映。音樂(lè)為人們的想象能力提供了廣闊的天地及靈活多樣的可能。事實(shí)上音樂(lè)欣賞活動(dòng)本身就離不開(kāi)創(chuàng)造與思維，離不開(kāi)對(duì)事物多元化、多側(cè)面、多層次、多反復(fù)的高級(jí)反映過(guò)程，因此，欣賞音樂(lè)的過(guò)程，對(duì)于集中注意力、提高觸類(lèi)旁通的理解能力和歸納分析的思維能力，尤其是想象創(chuàng)造能力，有極好的培養(yǎng)鍛煉作用。First, in music education, no matter the singing, playing and listening to music, with particular emphasis on all people, this can lead to memory, thinking, imagination, and a series of psychological reflection. Music for peoples imagination has provided a broad heaven and earth and flexible. In fact itself is dependent on the creation and thinking, music appreciation activities cannot leave to diversification, multifaceted, multi-level, many senior repeatedly reflect process, therefore, appreciate the music process, to concentrate, improve the understanding of one instance and inductive analysis of thinking ability, imagination creativity, in particular, has excellent training exercise. 其二，對(duì)音樂(lè)的理解和感受，是由感知和記憶組成。旋律在不斷變化之中，而感受正在產(chǎn)生的新東西，用記憶把握產(chǎn)生的新東西，這種反復(fù)發(fā)展與刺激，對(duì)培養(yǎng)其記憶力是非常重要的。音樂(lè)欣賞就是藝術(shù)化的音響流在聽(tīng)覺(jué)中造成一個(gè)持續(xù)不斷的“痕跡流”，感知的過(guò)程是在記憶的基礎(chǔ)上完成的審美過(guò)程，既要了解音樂(lè)作品的整體，又要吸收很多細(xì)節(jié)，時(shí)而注意和聲，時(shí)而注意旋律，或者從傾聽(tīng)低音區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移到中音區(qū)。這種注意力分散又集中的統(tǒng)一，隨著時(shí)間的流逝而接受音樂(lè)的多層次及立體性，把人的思維活動(dòng)激發(fā)起來(lái)，這對(duì)于鍛煉和發(fā)展人的記憶力和創(chuàng)造力有著重要的作用，也是培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才的一項(xiàng)不可或缺的途徑。愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是科學(xué)家，也是著名的音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者，他創(chuàng)立的劃時(shí)代科學(xué)論斷“廣義相對(duì)論”，就是在彈奏鋼琴中，靈感頓生啟發(fā)了智慧而成，邏輯思維和形象思維的高度融合，促進(jìn)了他在科學(xué)事業(yè)上的偉大成就，他說(shuō)：“我在科學(xué)上的見(jiàn)解并不比我的鋼琴?gòu)椀酶呙鳎业目茖W(xué)成就很多是從音樂(lè)啟發(fā)而來(lái)的”。Second, the understanding of music and feelings, is composed of perception and memory. Melody is in constant change, the feeling is the new things, use memory to grasp the new things, the repeated development and stimulation, the cultivation of the memory is very important. Music appreciation is the art of audio stream in the h