ENGLISH ABOUT ATC.doc

第三部分 詞匯1. Standard Words and Phrases標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詞匯 Acknowledge請認(rèn)收Affirm是的，同意Approve同意，準(zhǔn)許Break斷開Cancel取消Check檢查Cleared準(zhǔn)許，可以Confirm請證實Contact請聯(lián)系Correct正確Correction更正Disregard作廢Go ahead請講how do you read 聽我聲音怎樣I say again我重復(fù)一遍Monitor請守聽Negative不對，不同意read back請重復(fù)Report報告Request請求Roger明白say again重復(fù)speak slower講慢一些Standby稍等verify 核實Wilco照辦2. traffic notification活動通報Closing接近Converging匯聚Parallel平行same direction順向opposite direction 逆向Diverging 分散Overtaking超越crossing right to left 從右向左橫穿crossing left to right 從左向右橫穿approaching head on at the same level同高度對頭3. 航空器及其系統(tǒng)the airframe飛機框架the front part前部the rear part后部port=left左starboard =right右the inboard engines內(nèi)側(cè)發(fā)動機the outboard engines外側(cè)發(fā)動機the nose機頭the belly機腹the skin機蒙皮the windscreen/windshield風(fēng)擋the wing機翼the trailing edge機翼后緣the leading edge機翼前緣the wing tip翼尖the control surfaces操縱面-ailerons副翼-flaps襟翼-spoilers擾流板-airbrakes減速板（阻流板）-slats縫翼-elevator升降舵-rudder方向舵flap angle襟翼角度flap setting襟翼位置選定the full flap position全襟翼位置a flapless landing無襟翼落地the landing gear起落架the nose wheel前輪gear locked起落架鎖定wheel well輪艙the wheel doors輪艙門tyre輪胎To burst爆破deflated tyre放了氣的輪胎a flat tyre撤氣的輪胎a puncture刺孔To extend/retract the flaps/gear放下,收上襟翼/起落架gear extension/retraction放輪/ 收輪the gears are jammed 起落架卡住the emergency extension system緊急放下起落架系統(tǒng)To crank the gear down人工放下起落架the brakes剎車disc brakes圓盤剎車anti-skid device防滯裝置arresting gear制動裝置thrust reversers反噴裝置tail parachute尾傘the brakes are unreliable剎車不可靠braking action is poor剎車效應(yīng)差Brake wear剎車磨損To overheat過熱To slow down減下來To bring the plane to a stop使飛機停下the passenger cabin客艙the floor地板the ceiling天花板the galley機上廚房the toilets盥洗間the lounge休息間the partitions隔板the interior fittings 機艙內(nèi)配備oxygen mask氧氣面罩the cargo-hold貨艙the engine發(fā)動機nacell(cowl)整流罩Pod吊艙bird, water ingestion發(fā)動機吸進了鳥,水the air inlet進氣道the fan風(fēng)扇the fan blades風(fēng)扇葉片the lp and hp compressor低壓和高壓壓縮機the compressor blades壓縮機葉片the nozzles噴嘴the exhaust section排氣部分engine setting發(fā)動機配置the RPM每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)To set the engine to idle將發(fā)動機馬力放到慢車位置To give full throttle/power to the engine將發(fā)動機加到全馬力To throttle up the engine加油門To throttle down/back the engine減油門the engineering trouble發(fā)動機故障engine failure發(fā)動機失效the engine runs rough發(fā)動機工作不穩(wěn)the engine runs smoothly發(fā)動機工作穩(wěn)定the engine is low on power發(fā)動機馬力低To overheat=to overtemp超溫Vibration振動low rumble低沉的響聲loud bangs發(fā)動機放炮engine surge發(fā)動機喘振engine shutdown發(fā)動機停車engine flameout發(fā)動機熄火engine feathered發(fā)動機順槳decompression/depressurization失壓fuel systems燃油系統(tǒng)fuel tanks油箱fuel lines燃油管路the fuel pump油泵Joints接頭the dump valves 放油閥fuel shut off levers切斷油路操縱桿fuel flow indicators流量表fuel pressure indicators油壓表low fuel pressure warming lights油壓過低警告燈oil system滑油系統(tǒng)Lubricant潤滑濟Lubrication潤滑the oil lines滑油管路oil pressure indicators滑油壓力表oil temperature indicators滑油溫度表the oil cooler滑油散熱器hydraulic system液壓系統(tǒng)hydraulic lines液壓管路pressure control valves壓力控制閥relief valves泄壓閥flow control valves流量控制閥(actuating)jacks千斤頂Seals封嚴(yán)圈（鉛封）electrical system電器系統(tǒng)DC generator直流發(fā)動機AC generator交流發(fā)動機the APU輔助電源裝置Fuse保險絲Wire電線Lead連線引線circuit breaker跳開關(guān)warning light警告燈To disconnect斷開a loose connection接觸不良short circuit短路blown out fuse觸斷保險絲the battery is down/flat電瓶電力不夠air conditioning system空調(diào)系統(tǒng)the pressure control壓力控制Cooling冷卻Heating加溫the fans風(fēng)扇the air ducts空氣管道the cockpit駕駛艙flight control system飛行操縱系統(tǒng)boosted controls助力操縱系統(tǒng)manual controls人工操縱系統(tǒng)Levers桿Handles操縱手柄Knobs按鈕或旋鈕Switchers開關(guān)Cranks曲柄（搖把）the control stand操縱臺the stick駕駛桿the rudder bar方向舵連桿the elevator controls升降舵操作系統(tǒng)the flap control襟翼操作系統(tǒng)the auto-pilot controls自動駕駛操作系統(tǒng)the steering wheel轉(zhuǎn)彎方向盤（前輪）ircraft instruments航空器儀表a gauge儀表An indicator指示器（儀表）a metre(dial)表盤刻度盤the instrument panel儀表板the overhead panel頂部儀表板the engineers panel隨機工程師板the altimeter高度表To set the altimeter高度表撥正the vertical speed indicator升降速度表the speed indicator空速表the turn and bank indicator轉(zhuǎn)變傾斜儀the (gyro) horizon陀螺地平儀the directional gyro脫落方向儀flight maneuvers航空器動作Pitch俯仰Roll橫滾Yaw側(cè)滑To bank the aircraft壓坡度To pitch up the aircraft=to nose up 帶機頭To pitch down the aircraft=to nose down推機頭To dive俯沖To climb steeply大坡度爬升To level off改平Stall失速To recover from stall從失速中改出To spin螺旋a sharp turn急轉(zhuǎn)彎a wide turn小坡度轉(zhuǎn)彎a slipping內(nèi)側(cè)滑轉(zhuǎn)彎a skidding turn外側(cè)滑轉(zhuǎn)彎4. Meteorology氣象Cloud云Ceiling云底高a cloud layer云層CB雷雨云solid clouds濃厚的云scattered clouds疏云ragged clouds破碎的云（殘云）breaks in overcast陰間多云Scattered疏云，少云Broken裂開云，多云Overcast陰天cavok(ceiling and visibility ok)好天氣（云高和能見度都好）On top在云上below cloud在云下between layers在云層間In cloud在云中In and out of cloud斷續(xù)云中cloud is building up云在增加cloud is clearing up云在消散the weather is closing in天氣迫近Visibility能見度sky clear晴空sky obscured天況不明Mist輕霧Haze霾Smoke煙Smog煙霧light fog輕霧dense fog濃霧freezing fog凍霧drifting fog吹霧，平流霧fog dispersal in progress霧在消失fog is coming down正在起霧fog is clearing up霧在消散fog is getting worse霧越來越厲害Wind風(fēng)surface wind地面風(fēng)winds aloft高空風(fēng)tail wind順風(fēng)head wind頂風(fēng)cross wind側(cè)風(fēng)the wind-gauge風(fēng)向風(fēng)速儀the wind-sock風(fēng)向袋wind nil無風(fēng)light wind微風(fēng)moderate wind中速風(fēng)strong wind強風(fēng)variable wind風(fēng)向不定steady wind穩(wěn)定風(fēng)a gust陣風(fēng)wind shift風(fēng)向轉(zhuǎn)變wind 3m/s gusting 6m/s地面風(fēng)3米/秒，陣風(fēng)6米/秒gusts up to 8m/s陣風(fēng)達8米/秒a lull風(fēng)停a gale一陣大風(fēng)Storm風(fēng)暴sand storm沙暴whirl wind旋風(fēng)a vortex (vortices)渦流wind w veering nw風(fēng)由西向西北轉(zhuǎn)wind w backing sw風(fēng)由西轉(zhuǎn)回到西南the wind is shifting風(fēng)在轉(zhuǎn)the wind is rising風(fēng)在增大the wind is abating風(fēng)在減小the wind is getting stronger風(fēng)越來越大turbulence顛簸clear air turbulence晴空顛簸moderate turbulence中度顛簸severe turbulence嚴(yán)重顛簸Smooth平穩(wěn)的bumpy, rought, turbulent顛簸的To be tossed, buffeted受氣流（或渦流）影響而使搖擺（或顛簸）updraught上升氣流downdraught下降氣流precipitation and icing降水和積冰light rain小雨heavy rain大雨intermittent rain間歇性雨continuous rain連續(xù)性降雨bright periods雨停天晴期間occasional showers偶爾下陣雨passing showers正在通過的陣雨scattered showers零零散散的陣雨torrential rain, downpour驟雨waterspout水龍卷Drizzle毛毛雨freezing rain凍雨Sleet雨夾雪Hurricane颶風(fēng)Tornado龍卷風(fēng)thunderstorm雷雨flash of lighting閃電光Lighting閃電Hail雹子Hailstone冰雹Hailstorm雹暴soft hail=sleet軟雹冰珠Snow雪snowstorm雪雹Snowflake鵝毛大雪snow shower陣雪snow gust突然一陣大雪Icing結(jié)冰Ice冰a sheet of ice一層冰rime(ice)白霜（輕冰）temperature溫度surface temperature地面溫度outside air temperature外界大氣溫度dew point露點溫度the freezing level冰凍點溫度，結(jié)冰層，（指結(jié)冰層的下限）runway surface conditions跑道道面條件loose snow軟雪firm snow實雪melting snow在化的雪Slush雪水snow drift吹雪snowplough掃雪車snow clearing雪清除the north taxiway is snowbound北滑行道被雪封住了the runway is wet跑道濕the runway is icy跑道上結(jié)冰the runway is slippery跑道滑the runway is flooded跑道被水淹沒pools of water跑道積水icy patches冰塊glazed frost(clear ice)明冰hoar frost白霜braking action is poor剎車效應(yīng)差braking action is medium剎車效應(yīng)中braking action is good剎車效應(yīng)好5Aerodrome vehicle and equipment機場車輛與設(shè)備airport passenger bus/ferry擺渡車tug/towing tractor拖車GPU(ground power unit)電源車catering truck食品車mobile belt conveyor傳送帶車fork lift truck叉車Refueller油車Passenger stairs客梯車air steps機載客梯Passenger bridge廊橋turbine gas generator氣源車fire tender(engine, truck)消防車lavatory truck清潔車container loader集裝箱拖車runway snow blower掃雪車Ambulance救護車6. THE NATURE OF FLIGHTcheck flight/calibration flight飛行性質(zhì)校飛maritime surveillance flight海監(jiān)飛行Acceptance (test) flight驗收試飛（正式使用前的飛行）Acrobatic flight特技飛行Administrative flight行政事務(wù)飛行Advertising flight廣告飛行Aerotow flight拖曳飛行Aerodrome flight本場飛行Calibration flight校準(zhǔn)飛行（對儀表、電子設(shè)備等的校準(zhǔn)和檢驗）